Sustainable development is becoming institutionalised across culture and geography as a framework in which to address ecological and social crises that are increasingly apparent and manifesting in diverse ways across local spaces. It is however, dominated by binary thought which is uncomfortable with ambivalence and seperates self from nature and ‘the other’ of Indigenous people. Indigenous people are beginning to use the discourse of sustainable development but approach this from relational and holistic perspectives. The negotiation of representational structures and responsibility for implementating strategies towards sustainable development must account for these cultural differences and will require dialogue. This thesis explores how institutional practice and discourse frames Indigenous representation and responsibility and how this either enables or disenables dialogue with Indigenous people. A case study approach informed the research, and included two consultancy participatory projects in 2001-2004. The case study was located in the Western Desert of Western Australia and involved the Martu people in addition to people working within institutional structures. The first project required extending community development strategies and strengthening Martu representation to take responsibility for a housing development. The second project, titled Dialogue with the Pilbara: Newman Tommorrow, involved encouraging Martu representation in a process based upon deliberative democracy. Reflections from the fieldwork form a considerable part of the analysis. The research also included analysis of a number of interviews with local institutional actors in Newman. Two major themes are outlined: power and representation; and culture. The research is reflexive and involves the use of an autoethnographic story technique which enables a better understanding of the researcher’s implicit and changing perspectives. The lessons that emerged from the reflections from the case study are insightful for sustainable development. The thesis involves two layers (and is structured accordingly): the first relates to a case study and the second to the theory and practice of sustainable development. The concluding section combines these two layers and emphasises the need for greater attention to Indigenous participation and autonomy in order to achieve Indigenous sustainable development. This thesis argues that diverse and hybrid Indigenous voices require considerable amplification within the discourse of sustainable development in order to provide relational and holistic perspectives. Particular focus is required upon the negotiation of representative structures to allow for Indigenous voices to be heard, and thus permit for the negotiation of responsibility across culture (an important consideration of sustainable development). This requires ongoing dialogue, creativity and reflexivity in context.

Title: Efficient visibility calculation for light transport simulation in participating media Author: Čestmír Houška Department / Institute: Department of Software and Computer Science Educa- tion Supervisor of the master thesis: doc. Ing. Jaroslav Křivánek, Ph.D. Abstract: This thesis investigates the use of acceleration methods for the testing of visibility in light transport calculation algorithms with the emphasis on conser- vativeness and low accelerated query overhead. Several published non-directional and directional distance field methods are presented with the description of their characteristic properties. Two of these methods are then implemented and thor- oughly tested in an existing rendering framework on a path tracing volumetric integrator as well as on an own implementation of a ray marching single scattering integrator. A method that further accelerates the original distance field methods by pre-caching results of some of the queries is also proposed, implemented and tested. Furthermore, several possible extensions to this method are outlined. Keywords: computer graphics, rendering, participating media, visibility

Outsourcing is becoming one of the key approaches in improving cooperation¡¦s operation efficiency. With the continuous improvement on productivity, competitiveness, innovation and higher quality, information-transparency becomes the focus of operation and so is the process information system. For the case studied in this paper, the demand on the process information system is largely increased due to the pursuit of higher competitiveness by adopting more automated processes and decreasing manpower. Moreover, the downsizing manpower has also made the outsourcing of process information system being gradually increased. In this case study company, there are 109 process information systems have been operated smoothly since the establishment of the company and over 90% of them are outsourced. Although Standish Group investigated the 8000 outsourcing software projects in 1995, the results revealed that only 16% of them were well controlled in budget and schedule. However, the outsourcing task is still regarded as the strategic tactics for technology transfer or sharing work loads in the case study company. With this strategy, most of the operation can be monitored under project management and the schedule, quality , cost and man-power had all met the requirement of process information system, furthermore, the core technology transfer were achieved smoothly and explored it in depth. Therefore more process improvement could be realized based on the process condition by the case studied company, not the outsourcing company. A thorough investigation on the execution and the process of the process information system outsourcing with participation design should give more understanding of the achievement. This study employs the theory of outsourcing with participating development to establish the research model. Then, the research model has been revised according to the result of the long-term successful experiences and several project managers deeply interview. In this paper, three outsourcing strategy of process information systems were studied: 1) The new process information system technology transfer for new process¡F 2) The new process information system technology transfer for existing process¡F 3) Out-souring the process information system is for sharing work loads. The key factors of those successful cases were investigated and six participation factors were categorized as follows¡G1) engineering specification and contract; 2) formation of the project team; 3) design of training courses; 4) system function analysis; 5) system analysis &design and 6) project management and control. The details of this study is well documented in the following contents, it can be referenced by another company to improve in their outsourcing process information system more successful. Keyword: Process Information System, Participating Development, Outsourcing strategy

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The sole purpose of every form of visual representation is to make something look believable. Even among abstract or conceptual representation, the purpose is to create something that within the defined visual language the audience will consider believable and accepted. In the field of computer generated representation there are numerous visual languages that have been developed throughout the years, attempting to solve different visualization or artistic problems. This thesis presents an alternative light transfer model for participating media focused on the intuitive control of the illumination data and the artistic value of the resulting image. The purpose is not focused on accurately modeling lights physical behavior and its interaction with the surfaces and elements. My thesis describes an artistic approach which aims to offer an organic and intuitive control of the glow and temperature of the effects of participating media and direct the value and hues through the surfaces. The system described in the thesis approximates light transfer through a given volume by calculating light contribution in the volume with discreet sampling and subsequently gathering these values to determine the diffuse scattering contribution for the volume. I will also discuss the assumptions made to allow such approximations, as well as how the intuitive control offered by the approach and these approximations allow new forms or representation and artistic direction.

This research was to explore the¡§Correlation among participating motivation, job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve of volunteers of cultural institution.¡¨Kaohsiung Public Library is presented as a case study in this research. The questionnaire is the main method. Meanwhile, interviews with volunteers are also offered for providing more evidence and new thinking toward this issue. There are four objectives to serve as guidelines for this research. ¡]1¡^To understand the status quo of the backgrounds of volunteers of cultural institutions and their participating motivation, job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve. ¡]2¡^To explore the differences of participating motivation, job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve of volunteers of different background. ¡]3¡^To explore the correlation among participating motivation, job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve.¡]4¡^To predict the influence of participating motivation and job satisfaction on the sustained willingness to serve. The questionnaires were distributed to 235 volunteers, including 172 current and 51 quitted, in 10 branch libraries of Kaohsiung Public Library. There were 223 valid questionnaires . Usable rate was about 95¢M. After analyzed, the results of this research are as follows¡G ¡]1¡^The background of each volunteers of Kaohsiung Public Library shows a great amount of similarities with one another. ¡]2¡^As for the overall participation motivation, the highest one is self-growth. Different age, whether they have religious beliefs would make obvious difference on the participating motivation. ¡]3¡^As for the overall job satisfaction, the highest one is self-growth. Different age, occupations , whether they have religious beliefs and status would make obvious difference on the job satisfaction. ¡]4¡^Volunteers in Kaohsiung Public Library have strong willingness to continue to serve in the future. Different age, occupations and whether they have religious beliefs would make obvious difference on sustained willingness to Serve. ¡]5¡^The study results show significant positive correlation between a volunteer¡¦s participation motivation and job satisfaction, participating motivation and sustained willingness to serve, and job satisfaction and sustained willingness to serve. ¡]6¡^¡§self-growth satisfaction¡¨can predict the level of sustained willingness to serve. In compliance with the above-mentioned results, the researcher provides authorities, institutions, and future researchers with constructive suggestions.

Både vinstandelslån och kapitalandelslån är två välkända finansiella instrument vars förflutna är händelserik. Dessa instrument användes för första gången under Ivar Kreugers tid 1928, vars benämning under den tiden var participating debentures. Dessa låneinstrument blev en succé under en kort tid, tills Kreugerkraschen inträffade 1932, då hela börsen kraschade och alla som hade investerat i de så kallade participating debentures led stora förluster. Sedan dess har rättsläget kring vinstandelslån och kapitalandelslån varit osäkert. Lagstiftaren valde i samband med 1975 års aktiebolagslag att förbjuda kapitalandelslånet, men det blev tillåtet igen 2005 då grunderna för förbudet bland annat, inte var tillräckliga. Vad gäller skillnader och likheter mellan vinstandelslån och kapitalandelslån kan det konstateras att både skillnaderna och likheterna är flera, vilka kommer att belysas och kartläggas i uppsatsen. Vidare kommer en redogörelse av för- och nackdelar mellan vinstandelslånet och kapitalandelslånet att behandlas, vilket är en viktig del i arbetet, då läsaren erhåller en bredare kunskap om hur de båda skiljer sig åt. / Both the participating loan (vinstandelslån) and the share equity loan (kapitalandelslån) are two well-known financial instruments whose past is eventful. These financial instruments were used for the first time during Kreuger's time in 1928, whose specific description during that time was participating debentures. These loan instruments were a success for a short time until the famous Kreuger crash occurred in 1932, the resulting stock market crash caused all those who had invested in so-called participating debentures to procure large losses. Since then, the legal positions regarding participating loan and equity loans have been uncertain. The legislature chose (in connection with the 1975 Companies Act) to prohibit the share equity loan; but in 2005, the restriction was lifted as the grounds for the prohibition were not sufficient. With regards to the similarities and differences between participating loan and share equity loan it can be concluded that both the differences and the similarities are many, which will be identified and presented in this thesis. Moreover, an explanation of the pros and cons between the participating loan and share equity loan will be given, as well as how to treat them, as the reader will receive a broader understanding of how the two differ.

This dissertation explores algorithms for rendering optimization realizable within a modern, complex rendering engine. The first part contains optimized rendering algorithms for ray tracing. Ray tracing algorithms typically provide properties of simplicity and robustness that are highly desirable in computer graphics. We offer several novel contributions to the problem of interactive ray tracing of complex lighting environments. We focus on the problem of maintaining interactivity as both geometric and lighting complexity grows without effecting the simplicity or robustness of ray tracing. First, we present a new algorithm called occlusion caching for accelerating the calculation of direct lighting from many light sources. We cache light visibility information sparsely across a scene. When rendering direct lighting for all pixels in a frame, we combine cached lighting information to determine whether or not shadow rays are needed. Since light visibility and scene location are highly correlated, our approach precludes the need for most shadow rays. Second, we present improvements to the irradiance caching algorithm. Here we demonstrate a new elliptical cache point spacing heuristic that reduces the number of cache points required by taking into account the direction of irradiance gradients. We also accelerate irradiance caching by efficiently and intuitively coupling it with occlusion caching. In the second part of this dissertation, we present optimizations to rendering algorithms for participating media. Specifically, we explore the implementation and use of photon beams as an efficient, intuitive artistic primitive. We detail our implementation of the photon iii beams algorithm into PhotoRealistic RenderMan (PRMan). We show how our implementation maintains the benefits of the industry standard Reyes rendering pipeline, with proper motion blur and depth of field. We detail an automatic photon beam generation algorithm, utilizing PRMan shadow maps. We accelerate the rendering of camera-facing photon beams by utilizing Gaussian quadrature for path integrals in place of ray marching. Our optimized implementation allows for incredible versatility and intuitiveness in artistic control of volumetric lighting effects. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of photon beams as artistic primitives by detailing their use in a feature-length animated film.

<p>Vid ortopedavdelning 3A och 3B inom länsverksamhet ortopedi Landstinget i Värmland har ett projekt startats för att förändra organisation och arbetssätt utifrån så kallade patientnärmre vård. Detta är en arbetsmodell som bygger på att vården skall ske i nära anslutning till patienterna och en förutsättning är att selektera bort så mycket vårdadministration som möjligt från sjuksköterskornas praktiska arbete. Syftet med studien, som är en del i ett större projekt, var att beskriva nuläget vid ortopedavdelningarna 3A och 3B före införandet av arbetsmodellen patientnärmre vård. Enkäter delades ut till patienter och medarbetare där de viktigaste frågeområdena var vårdkvalitet, hälsoindex, arbetsklimat och delaktighet. Undersökningsgruppen bestod av 130 patienter (96% svarsfrekvens) och 64 medarbetare (94% svarsfrekvens). Resultatet visade på en högt skattad vårdkvalitet i patientgruppen och en något lägre skattad vårdkvalitet i medarbetargruppen. Patientgruppens lägsta skattningar handlade om ”delaktighet i beslut”, ”egna önskemål” och ”information om ansvarig sjuksköterska”. Patienterna skattade genomgående de olika kartlagda vårdaspekterna som mer betydelsefulla än vad medarbetarna gjorde. Patienterna upplevde sitt hälsotillstånd som relativt gott, det psykiska välbefinnandet skattades dock som bättre än den fysiska hälsan. Medarbetarna upplevde stor delaktighet i det egna teamet och närhet till patienterna. Lägre värden framkom dock på möjligheter att observera patienterna och att påverka arbetet. Arbetsklimatet upplevdes som stagnerat inom dimensionerna konflikt, utmaning och frihet. I dimensionerna idé-stöd och risktagande närmade sig organisationen ett innovativt klimat, vilket kan ha positiv betydelse vid ett förändringsarbete.</p> / <p>At the Clinic of Ortopedic Surgery, wards 3A and 3B, in the County Board of Health Care in Värmland, a project has been initiated with the purpose of changing the workprocess in accordance with so called Patient-Focused Care. This is a working model built on the principle that care should take place in a close relationship with the patient with the prerequisite of reducing as much care administration as possible from the nurses’ work. The aim of the study, which is a part of a larger project, was to describe the current status at the wards, before the implementation of the Patient - Focused Care work model. Questionnaires containing questions on quality of care, a health index, organizational climate, and opportunities for participation were distributed among patients and staff. The study group consisted of 130 patients (96 % response rate) and 64 staff members (94 % response rate). The results showed that the patients rated the quality of care as high, while the staff members give somewhat lower ratings. The least favourable ratings in the patient group were noted on questions designed to measure “participation in decision making”, “own preferences,” and “information on the responsible nurse.” Compared to the staff members, the patients ascribed higher subjective importance to all mapped aspects of care. The patients experienced their health status as relatively good, however, the subjective well-being was rated as more favourable than the physical health. The staff members experienced a high participation in their team and a sense of being close to the patients. Less favourable ratings were noted on the possibilities to observe the patients and to have an influence on their own work. The organizational climate was perceived as declined in the dimensions of conflict, challenge and freedom. In the dimensions of idea-support and risk taking the organization approached an innovative climate, which might have a positive impact in an organizational change process.</p>

The study presented here is about how to make the special needs user who has a profound intellectual disability and additional disabilities more involved in their implementation plan. Based on a life story interview the study aims at analyzing perceptions of procedures to enhance special needs users’ influence. The method used in this study was a qualitative research approach as an overall approach in order to use a narrative method where life history is the method. The focus has been to study a part of an individual life history - a specific domain in the life of the interviewee’s working career. The results demonstrate that the staff needs to have the knowledge of how to observe, what to observe and how to highlight the impact of consciousness in the interaction between involved participants. The result also shows that staff attitudes affect special needs user’s participation in the implementation plan. It is shown in the results that it is of importance that staff has the knowledge regarding observation as a method and an approach that provides the special needs user with opportunities to experience meaningfulness and to find everyday life comprehensible and manageable.