Thesis (Ph. D.)--Auburn University. / Abstract. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 42-43).

Sensor network plays a significant role in determining the performance of network inference tasks. A wireless sensor network with a large number of sensor nodes can be used as an effective tool for gathering data in various situations. One of the major issues in WSN is developing an efficient protocol which has a significant impact on the convergence of the network. Parameter estimation is one of the most important applications of sensor network. In order to model such large and complex networks for estimation, efficient strategies and algorithms which take less time to converge are being developed. To deal with this challenge, an approach of having multilayer network structure to estimate parameter and reach convergence in less time is estimated by comparing it with known gossip distributed algorithm. Approached Multicast multilayer algorithm on a network structure of Gaussian mixture model with two components to estimate parameters were compared and simulated with gossip algorithm. Both the algorithms were compared based on the number of iterations the algorithms took to reach convergence by using Expectation Maximization Algorithm.Finally a series of theoretical and practical results that explicitly showed that Multicast works better than gossip in large and complex networks for estimation in consensus building strategies.

Quantum systems with finite Hilbert space where position x and momentum p take values in Z(d) (integers modulo d) are considered. Symplectic tranformations S(2ξ,Z(p)) in ξ-partite finite quantum systems are studied and constructed explicitly. Examples of applying such simple method is given for the case of bi-partite and tri-partite systems. The quantum correlations between the sub-systems after applying these transformations are discussed and quantified using various methods. An extended phase-space x-p-X-P where X, P ε Z(d) are position increment and momentum increment, is introduced. In this phase space the extended Wigner and Weyl functions are defined and their marginal properties are studied. The fourth order interference in the extended phase space is studied and verified using the extended Wigner function. It is seen that for both pure and mixed states the fourth order interference can be obtained.

Quantum systems with finite Hilbert space where position x and momentum p take values in Z(d) (integers modulo d) are considered. Symplectic tranformations S(2¿,Z(p)) in ¿-partite finite quantum systems are studied and constructed explicitly. Examples of applying such simple method is given for the case of bi-partite and tri-partite systems. The quantum correlations between the sub-systems after applying these transformations are discussed and quantified using various methods. An extended phase-space x¿p¿X¿P where X, P ¿ Z(d) are position increment and momentum increment, is introduced. In this phase space the extended Wigner and Weyl functions are defined and their marginal properties are studied. The fourth order interference in the extended phase space is studied and verified using the extended Wigner function. It is seen that for both pure and mixed states the fourth order interference can be obtained. / Ministry of Higher Education, Sultanate of Oman

The cutwidth of different graphs is a topic that has been extensively studied. The basis of this paper is the cutwidth of complete n-partite graphs. While looking at the cutwidth of complete n-partite graphs, we strictly consider the linear embedding and cyclic embedding. The relationship between the linear cutwidth and the cyclic cutwidth is discussed and used throughout multiple proofs of different cases for the cyclic cutwidth. All the known cases for the linear and cyclic cutwidth of complete bipartite, complete tripartite, and complete n-partite graphs are highlighted. The main focus of this paper is to expand on the cyclic cutwidth of complete tripartite graphs. Using the relationship of the linear cutwidth and cyclic cutwidth of any graph, we find a lower bound and an upper bound for the cyclic cutwidth of complete tripartite graph K_(r,r,pr) where r is odd and p is a natural number. Throughout this proof there are two cases that develop, p even and p odd. Within each case we have to consider the cuts of multiple regions to find the maximum cut of the cyclic embedding. Once all regions within each case are considered, we discover that the upper and lower bounds are equivalent. This discovery of the cyclic cutwidth of complete tripartite graph K_(r,r,pr) where r is odd and p is a natural number results in getting one step closer to finding the cyclic cutwidth of any complete tripartite graph K_(r,s,t).

abstract: Analysis of political texts, which contains a huge amount of personal political opinions, sentiments, and emotions towards powerful individuals, leaders, organizations, and a large number of people, is an interesting task, which can lead to discover interesting interactions between the political parties and people. Recently, political blogosphere plays an increasingly important role in politics, as a forum for debating political issues. Most of the political weblogs are biased towards their political parties, and they generally express their sentiments towards their issues (i.e. leaders, topics etc.,) and also towards issues of the opposing parties. In this thesis, I have modeled the above interactions/debate as a sentimental bi-partite graph, a bi-partite graph with Blogs forming vertices of a disjoint set, and the issues (i.e. leaders, topics etc.,) forming the other disjoint set,and the edges between the two sets representing the sentiment of the blogs towards the issues. I have used American Political blog data to model the sentimental bi- partite graph, in particular, a set of popular political liberal and conservative blogs that have clearly declared positions. These blogs contain discussion about social, political, economic issues and related key individuals in their conservative/liberal view. To be more focused and more polarized, 22 most popular liberal/conservative blogs of a particular time period, May 2008 - October 2008(because of high intensity of debate and discussions), just before the presidential elections, was considered, involving around 23,800 articles. This thesis involves solving the questions: a) which is the most liberal/conservative blogs on the web? b) Who is on which side of debate and what are the issues? c) Who are the important leaders? d) How do you model the relationship between the participants of the debate and the underlying issues? / Dissertation/Thesis / M.S. Computer Science 2012

XAVIER, Alinson Santos. Geração de Facetas para Politopos de Conjuntos Independentes. 2011. 141 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Computação, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-05-23T19:04:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_asxavier.pdf: 1098827 bytes, checksum: b69a55ab904901d692a7afbf26cfbb04 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by guaracy araujo (guaraa3355@gmail.com) on 2016-05-23T19:10:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_asxavier.pdf: 1098827 bytes, checksum: b69a55ab904901d692a7afbf26cfbb04 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-23T19:10:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_asxavier.pdf: 1098827 bytes, checksum: b69a55ab904901d692a7afbf26cfbb04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A stable set of a graph is a set of pairwise non-adjacent vertices. The maximum stable set problem is to find a stable set of maximum cardinality in a given graph. The maximum induced k-partite subgraph problem is to find k stable sets such that their union has maximum cardinality. Besides having applications in various fields, including computer vision, molecular biology and VLSI circuit design, these problems also model other important combinatorial problems, such as set packing and vertex coloring. In the present work, we study the facial structure of the polytopes associated with both problems. First, we describe a new facet generating procedure for the stable set polytope, which unifies and subsumes several previous procedures. Besides generating many well-known facet inducing inequalities, this procedure can also generate new facet-inducing inequalities which have not been previously described. Then, we study the maximum induced k-partite polytope formulated by asymmetric representatives. We describe its simplest facets, show that some of its facets arise from vertex induced subgraphs, and identify two classes of subgraphs which generate facets of the polytope. To reach these main results, we study the affine equivalence between polyhedra, and also develop a new facet generating procedure for general polyhedra which subsumes the many versions of the lifting of variables. / Um conjunto independente de um grafo é um subconjunto de vértices que não contém nenhum par de vértices vizinhos. O problema do maior conjunto independente consiste em encontrar um conjunto independente de cardinalidade máxima. O problema do maior subgrafo induzido k-partido consiste em encontrar k conjuntos independentes cuja união tenha cardinalidade máxima. Além de possuírem aplicação em diversas áreas, como visão computacional, biologia molecular e projeto de circuitos integrados, estes problemas também modelam outros problemas de otimização combinatória, como empacotamento de conjuntos e coloração de vértices. Neste trabalho, estudamos os politopos associados aos dois problemas. Primeiro, descrevemos um novo procedimento de geração de facetas para o politopo de conjuntos independentes, que unifica e generaliza diversos procedimentos anteriores. Além de gerar várias classes de desigualdades indutoras de facetas já conhecidas, este procedimento também gera novas desigualdades que ainda não foram descritas na literatura. Em seguida, estudamos o politopo do subgrafo induzido k-partido associado à formulação por representantes de cor. Identificamos suas facetas mais simples, mostramos que facetas podem ser geradas a partir de subgrafos induzidos, e descrevemos duas classes de subgrafos que geram facetas deste politopo. Para obter os principais resultados desta dissertação, fazemos um estudo da relação de afim-isomorfismo entre poliedros, e desenvolvemos um novo procedimento de conversão de faces em facetas que generaliza as diversas versões do procedimento de levantamento de variáveis.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / Um conjunto independente de um grafo à um subconjunto de vÃrtices que nÃo contÃm nenhum par de vÃrtices vizinhos. O problema do maior conjunto independente consiste em encontrar um conjunto independente de cardinalidade mÃxima. O problema do maior subgrafo induzido k-partido consiste em encontrar k conjuntos independentes cuja uniÃo tenha cardinalidade mÃxima. AlÃm de possuÃrem aplicaÃÃo em diversas Ãreas, como visÃo computacional, biologia molecular e projeto de circuitos integrados, estes problemas tambÃm modelam outros problemas de otimizaÃÃo combinatÃria, como empacotamento de conjuntos e coloraÃÃo de vÃrtices. Neste trabalho, estudamos os politopos associados aos dois problemas. Primeiro, descrevemos um novo procedimento de geraÃÃo de facetas para o politopo de conjuntos independentes, que unifica e generaliza diversos procedimentos anteriores. AlÃm de gerar vÃrias classes de desigualdades indutoras de facetas jà conhecidas, este procedimento tambÃm gera novas desigualdades que ainda nÃo foram descritas na literatura. Em seguida, estudamos o politopo do subgrafo induzido k-partido associado à formulaÃÃo por representantes de cor. Identificamos suas facetas mais simples, mostramos que facetas podem ser geradas a partir de subgrafos induzidos, e descrevemos duas classes de subgrafos que geram facetas deste politopo. Para obter os principais resultados desta dissertaÃÃo, fazemos um estudo da relaÃÃo de afim-isomorfismo entre poliedros, e desenvolvemos um novo procedimento de conversÃo de faces em facetas que generaliza as diversas versÃes do procedimento de levantamento de variÃveis. / A stable set of a graph is a set of pairwise non-adjacent vertices. The maximum stable set problem is to find a stable set of maximum cardinality in a given graph. The maximum induced k-partite subgraph problem is to find k stable sets such that their union has maximum cardinality. Besides having applications in various fields, including computer vision, molecular biology and VLSI circuit design, these problems also model other important combinatorial problems, such as set packing and vertex coloring. In the present work, we study the facial structure of the polytopes associated with both problems. First, we describe a new facet generating procedure for the stable set polytope, which unifies and subsumes several previous procedures. Besides generating many well-known facet inducing inequalities, this procedure can also generate new facet-inducing inequalities which have not been previously described. Then, we study the maximum induced k-partite polytope formulated by asymmetric representatives. We describe its simplest facets, show that some of its facets arise from vertex induced subgraphs, and identify two classes of subgraphs which generate facets of the polytope. To reach these main results, we study the affine equivalence between polyhedra, and also develop a new facet generating procedure for general polyhedra which subsumes the many versions of the lifting of variables.

<p>Turniri su najvi&scaron;e istraživana klasa orijentisanih grafova. U tezi su prezentovana dva tipa rezultata. Prvi se odnosi na tzv. neizbežne podgrafove. Obuhvata Hamiltonove bajpase, podgrafove C(<em>n, i</em>) i alternativne Hamiltonove konture. Drugi se bavi problemima frekvencija skorova u običnim, bipartitnim i 3-partitnim turnirima.</p> / <p>Tournaments are the most investigated class of oriented graphs. Two type of results are presented in the thesis. First one is related to so called unavoidable subgraphs. It discusses Hamiltonian bypasses, subgraphs C(n, i) and antidirected Hamiltonian cycles. The second deals with problems of score frequencies in ordinary, bipartite and 3-partite tournaments.</p>

Le chiffrement homomorphe est une branche de la cryptologie, dans laquelle les schémas de chiffrement offrent la possibilité de faire des calculs sur les messages chiffrés, sans besoin de les déchiffrer. L’intérêt pratique de ces schémas est dû à l’énorme quantité d'applications pour lesquels ils peuvent être utilisés. En sont un exemple le vote électronique, les calculs sur des données sensibles, comme des données médicales ou financières, le cloud computing, etc..Le premier schéma de chiffrement (complètement) homomorphe n'a été proposé qu'en 2009 par Gentry. Il a introduit une technique appelée bootstrapping, utilisée pour réduire le bruit des chiffrés : en effet, dans tous les schémas de chiffrement homomorphe proposés, les chiffrés contiennent une petite quantité de bruit, nécessaire pour des raisons de sécurité. Quand on fait des calculs sur les chiffrés bruités, le bruit augmente et, après avoir évalué un certain nombre d’opérations, ce bruit devient trop grand et, s'il n'est pas contrôlé, risque de compromettre le résultat des calculs.Le bootstrapping est du coup fondamental pour la construction des schémas de chiffrement homomorphes, mais est une technique très coûteuse, qu'il s'agisse de la mémoire nécessaire ou du temps de calcul. Les travaux qui on suivi la publication de Gentry ont eu comme objectif celui de proposer de nouveaux schémas et d’améliorer le bootstrapping pour rendre le chiffrement homomorphe faisable en pratique. L’une des constructions les plus célèbres est GSW, proposé par Gentry, Sahai et Waters en 2013. La sécurité du schéma GSW se fonde sur le problème LWE (learning with errors), considéré comme difficile en pratique. Le bootstrapping le plus rapide, exécuté sur un schéma de type GSW, a été proposé en 2015 par Ducas et Micciancio. Dans cette thèse on propose une nouvelle variante du schéma de chiffrement homomorphe de Ducas et Micciancio, appelée TFHE.Le schéma TFHE améliore les résultats précédents, en proposant un bootstrapping plus rapide (de l'ordre de quelques millisecondes) et des clés de bootstrapping plus petites, pour un même niveau de sécurité. TFHE utilise des chiffrés de type TLWE et TGSW (scalaire et ring) : l’accélération du bootstrapping est principalement due à l’utilisation d’un produit externe entre TLWE et TGSW, contrairement au produit externe GSW utilisé dans la majorité des constructions précédentes.Deux types de bootstrapping sont présentés. Le premier, appelé gate bootstrapping, est exécuté après l’évaluation homomorphique d’une porte logique (binaire ou Mux) ; le deuxième, appelé circuit bootstrapping, peut être exécuté après l’évaluation d’un nombre d'opérations homomorphiques plus grand, pour rafraîchir le résultat ou pour le rendre compatible avec la suite des calculs.Dans cette thèse on propose aussi de nouvelles techniques pour accélérer l’évaluation des calculs homomorphiques, sans bootstrapping, et des techniques de packing des données. En particulier, on présente un packing, appelé vertical packing, qui peut être utilisé pour évaluer efficacement des look-up table, on propose une évaluation via automates déterministes pondérés, et on présente un compteur homomorphe appelé TBSR qui peut être utilisé pour évaluer des fonctions arithmétiques.Pendant les travaux de thèse, le schéma TFHE a été implémenté et il est disponible en open source.La thèse contient aussi des travaux annexes. Le premier travail concerne l’étude d’un premier modèle théorique de vote électronique post-quantique basé sur le chiffrement homomorphe, le deuxième analyse la sécurité des familles de chiffrement homomorphe dans le cas d'une utilisation pratique sur le cloud, et le troisième ouvre sur une solution différente pour le calcul sécurisé, le calcul multi-partite. / Fully homomorphic encryption is a new branch of cryptology, allowing to perform computations on encrypted data, without having to decrypt them. The main interest of homomorphic encryption schemes is the large number of practical applications for which they can be used. Examples are given by electronic voting, computations on sensitive data, such as medical or financial data, cloud computing, etc..The first fully homomorphic encryption scheme has been proposed in 2009 by Gentry. He introduced a new technique, called bootstrapping, used to reduce the noise in ciphertexts: in fact, in all the proposed homomorphic encryption schemes, the ciphertexts contain a small amount of noise, which is necessary for security reasons. If we perform computations on noisy ciphertexts, the noise increases and, after a certain number of operations, the noise becomes to large and it could compromise the correctness of the final result, if not controlled.Bootstrapping is then fundamental to construct fully homomorphic encryption schemes, but it is very costly in terms of both memory and time consuming.After Gentry’s breakthrough, the presented schemes had the goal to propose new constructions and to improve bootstrapping, in order to make homomorphic encryption practical. One of the most known schemes is GSW, proposed by Gentry, Sahai et Waters in 2013. The security of GSW is based on the LWE (learning with errors) problem, which is considered hard in practice. The most rapid bootstrapping on a GSW-based scheme has been presented by Ducas and Micciancio in 2015. In this thesis, we propose a new variant of the scheme proposed by Ducas and Micciancio, that we call TFHE.The TFHE scheme improves previous results, by performing a faster bootstrapping (in the range of a few milliseconds) and by using smaller bootstrapping keys, for the same security level. TFHE uses TLWE and TGSW ciphertexts (both scalar and ring): the acceleration of bootstrapping is mainly due to the replacement of the internal GSW product, used in the majority of previous constructions, with an external product between TLWE and TGSW.Two kinds of bootstrapping are presented. The first one, called gate bootstrapping, is performed after the evaluation of a homomorphic gate (binary or Mux); the second one, called circuit bootstrapping, can be executed after the evaluation of a larger number of homomorphic operations, in order to refresh the result or to make it compatible with the following computations.In this thesis, we also propose new techniques to improve homomorphic computations without bootstrapping and new packing techniques. In particular, we present a vertical packing, that can be used to efficiently evaluate look-up tables, we propose an evaluation via weighted deterministic automata, and we present a homomorphic counter, called TBSR, that can be used to evaluate arithmetic functions.During the thesis, the TFHE scheme has been implemented and it is available in open source.The thesis contains also ancillary works. The first one concerns the study of the first model of post-quantum electronic voting based on fully homomorphic encryption, the second one analyzes the security of homomorphic encryption in a practical cloud implementation scenario, and the third one opens up about a different solution for secure computing, multi-party computation.