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1	“In Afghanistan people follow the culture more than law and religion” : En kvalitativ studie om jämställdhet, islam och pashtunwali i Afghanistan Mälberg, Lina January 2020 (has links) Den här uppsatsen har för avsikt att undersöka om de informanter som deltagit anser att Afghanistan är jämställt. Uppsatsen har också som syfte att se hur informanternas individuella trosuppfattning påverkar synen på jämställdhet och deras följande av pashtunwali. Samt om informanterna anser att islam eller pashtunwali förespråkar eller förhindrar jämställdhet. Informanterna befinner sig alla i Afghanistan och har svarat på frågor via Google forms i form av postala intervjuer. Metoden som använts i denna uppsats är kvalitativa analyser. För att analysera svaren har jag använt mig av Hirdmans genussystem och Connells teori om maskulinitet. Resultaten visar tydliga svar på att informanterna inte betraktar Afghanistan som jämställt. Detta visar sig bland annat i att män värderas högre och män erhåller många fler valmöjligheter än kvinnor. Kvinnor begränsas ständigt av regler uppsatta av män. Informanterna anser att islam förespråkar jämställdhet men pashtunwali är ett starkt hinder på vägen mot ett jämställt samhälle. / This paper aims to investigate whether the informants who participated believe that Afghanistan is equal. This paper also intends to see how the informants' individual beliefs affect the view of gender equality and their following of pashtunwali. And if they believe that Islam or Pashtunwali promotes or is an obstacle against equality. The informants are all located in Afghanistan and have answered questions via Google forms in the form of postal interviews. The method used for this paper is qualitative analyzes. To analyze the answers, I have used Hirdman's gender system and Connell's theory of masculinity. The results show clear reactions that the informants do not consider Afghanistan to be equal. This is shown for instance by the fact that men are valued higher and men are given many more choices than women. Women are constantly limited by rules set by men. The informants believe that Islam advocates for equality, but pashtunwali is a strong obstacle on the road to an equal society. Afghanistan jämställdhet pashtunwali islam män kvinnor dikotomi maskulinitet Religious Studies Religionsvetenskap
2	Dismantling the Afghan Opiate economy a cultural and historical policy assessment, with policy recommendations Byrom, Christopher L. 09 1900 (has links) This thesis applies lessons drawn from a historical-cultural analysis of rural power structures in Afghanistan to understand the nature of the threat posed by that country's opiate economy and to assess the counter-narcotics policies of the United Kingdom, the Government(s) of Afghanistan, and the United States. It argues that that the opiate economy should be considered an Afghan-specific problem involving narcotics, not a "drug war" problem involving Afghanistan. Specific lessons are taken from a chapter dedicated to Afghan culture, history, and rural power structures, and applied in chapters analyzing the opiate economy and current counter-narcotics policies. Several insights that are critical to sound policy, and that are not found in existing literature, are developed. Overall, the current policy emphasis on aggressive eradication of opium poppy is incongruent with local cultural and political realities and undermines central government stability. Counter-narcotics policy makers should adopt a roll-back strategy, eliminating cultivation from minor-cultivation provinces first for democraticgovernance, cultural, and counter-narcotics reasons. Counter-trafficking should be prioritized over eradication efforts and should particularly target anti-government forces, many of which are legacy groups of the anti-Soviet jihad and are not accountable to or culturally integral to rural society. Afghanistan Counter-narcotics Culture Drugs Eradication Heroin Karzai Narcotics Opium Opium Economy Pashtunwali Qawm Stabilization Trafficking Afghanistan Counter-narcotics Culture Drugs Eradication Heroin Karzai Narcotics Opium Opium Economy Pashtunwali Qawm Stabilization Trafficking
3	Issues of Governance and Culture in the FATA Of Pakistan: Examining the Sources of Insecurity and Extremism Younas, Sadia January 2021 (has links) The full text will be available at the end of the embargo period: 5th Sept 2027 Pakistan Ungoverned spaces Tribal areas Lawless territory 9/11 Pakistan’s security establishment Tribespeople Militant extremism Pashtunwali Durand Line Afghanistan American interference Governance Culture

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