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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Indigenous fodder legume trees : their influence on soil fertility and animal production on tropical pastures of Yucatan, Mexico

Armendariz-Yanez, Ivan Rene January 1998 (has links)
No description available.
2

The Kobresia pastures on the Tibetan Plateau / Degradation processes and consequences for carbon and nutrient stocks

Schleuss, Per-Marten 28 October 2016 (has links)
No description available.
3

Remote Sensing-Based Assessment of Land Degradation and Multi-Criteria Site Prioritization for Reforestation Measures: The Case of the Fragmented Hinterland of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Naegeli de Torres, Friederike 22 April 2021 (has links)
This thesis focuses on land degradation in the hinterland of Rio de Janeiro, part of the highly endangered Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. Forest and pasture degradation are of outmost concern in the region. Thus, the main objective of this work is to provide a methodology to identify areas that fulfill the aim of increasing forest area, improving forest quality and reducing overall pasture degradation. Therefore, this work presents an approach for high-resolution land cover and pasture degradation mapping as well as an approach for prioritizing reforestation sites. Based on the prioritized land, forest scenarios are modelled and evaluated. Outcomes of this work include the recommendation to restrict land use on slopes above 10° and theoretical considerations to adapt compensatory payments for reforestation based on the priorities of the identified sites. Methods used in this work encompass image fusion using RandomForest regression, Land Cover Classification with the RandomForest classifier and Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) and field methods for pasture degradation mapping.:LIST OF FIGURES XVII LIST OF TABLES XIX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XXI 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 1 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS 3 1.3 VALUE OF THE RESEARCH 5 1.4 STRUCTURE 6 2 CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND 7 2.1 LAND DEGRADATION 7 2.1.1 Definition of Land Degradation 7 2.1.2 Forest Fragmentation 9 2.1.3 Pasture Degradation 14 2.2 REMOTE SENSING FUNDAMENTALS 16 2.2.1 Optical Remote Sensing 16 2.2.2 Image Classification and Land Cover Mapping 20 2.2.3 Vegetation Discrimination 22 2.2.4 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Applications 24 2.3 LANDSCAPE METRICS 25 3 STUDY AREA 27 3.1 LOCATION 27 3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 28 3.3 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT 32 4 PART (A): STATE OF THE ART 39 4.1 LAND DEGRADATION IN THE GUAPI-MACACU WATERSHED 40 4.1.1 Forest Fragmentation 40 4.1.2 Pasture Degradation 42 4.2 REMOTE SENSING-BASED LAND DEGRADATION ASSESSMENTS 46 4.2.1 Forest Monitoring in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biome 49 4.2.2 Pasture Degradation Mapping 51 4.3 POLICIES AND PROGRAM WITH RELEVANCE TO CONSERVATION AND REFORESTATION PROJECTS IN BRAZIL 54 4.3.1 International Programs, Schemes and Intitiatives 54 4.3.2 National Environmental Policies and Programs 58 4.3.3 Policies and Programs with Focus on the Brazilian Atlantic Forest 64 4.3.4 State-based Regulations in the Rio de Janeiro Federal State 65 4.4 LAND REHABILITATION AND REFORESTATION EFFORTS IN THE RJ FEDERAL STATE 66 4.4.1 Pasture Rehabilitation 66 4.4.2 Forest Restoration 67 5 MATERIAL AND METHODS 71 5.1 GEODATA AND SOFTWARE 71 5.2 PART (B): LAND COVER AND PASTURE DEGRADATION MAPPING 73 5.2.1 Field Survey of Degraded Pastures 73 5.2.2 Satellite Data Processing 75 5.2.3 Hot Spot Analysis 86 5.2.4 Relation of Slope Angle and Degradation Class 87 5.3 PART (C): PRIORITIZATION OF REFORESTATION SITES 87 5.3.1 Preliminary Study 88 5.3.2 Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) 90 5.3.3 Forest Scenario Development and Evaluation Using Landscape Metrics 94 6 RESULTS 97 6.1 PART (B): MAPPING OF PASTURE DEGRADATION 97 6.1.1 Categorization of Pasture Degradation 97 6.1.2 High-resolution SWIR band modelling 99 6.1.3 Land Cover Classification with Random Forests 101 6.1.4 Pasture Degradation Mapping Using Spectral Mixture Analysis and Field Data 103 6.1.5 Hot Spot Analysis of Pasture Degradation 106 6.1.6 Slope Influence on Pasture Degradation 107 6.2 PART (C): PRIORITIZATION OF REFORESTATION SITES USING SMCE 109 6.2.1 Characteristics of the Prioritized Areas 109 6.2.2 Forest Scenarios 113 7 DISCUSSION 117 7.1 PART (A/B): ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF LAND DEGRADATION IN THE GUAPI-MACACU WATERSHED 117 7.2 PART (B): METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR PASTURE DEGRADATION MAPPING 119 7.2.1 Satellite images for high-resolution LCC 119 7.2.2 High-resolution SWIR Band Modelling 120 7.2.3 Land Cover Classification 121 7.2.4 Pasture Degradation Mapping Approach 122 7.3 PART (C): SPATIAL PRIORITIZATION FOR REFORESTATION MEASURES 125 7.3.1 Identification of Priority Sites 125 7.3.2 Forest Scenarios 127 8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 131 9 OUTLOOK 135 REFERENCES 137 ANNEX I / Die vorliegende Arbeit befasst sich mit der Landdegradation im Hinterland von Rio de Janeiro, Teil des stark gefährdeten brasilianischen Atlantikwaldbioms. Wald- und Weidedegradation zählt zu den Hauptproblemen in der Region. Das übergeordnete Ziel dieser Arbeit ist daher die Bereitstellung einer Methodik, um Flächen zu identifizieren, die zur Vergrößerung der Waldfläche und Verbesserung der Waldqualität sowie gleichzeitiger Verminderung degradierter Weiden beitragen. Aus diesem Grund stellt diese Arbeit einen Ansatz für eine hochauflösende Kartierung der Landbedeckung und der Weidedegradation sowie einen Ansatz für die Priorisierung von Wiederaufforstungs-gebieten vor. Auf der Grundlage der priorisierten Flächen werden Waldszenarien modelliert und bewertet. Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit beinhalten u.a. die Empfehlung zur Einschränkung der Landnutzung auf Hängen über 10° und theoretische Überlegungen zur Anpassung der Ausgleichszahlungen für die Wiederaufforstung auf der Grundlage der Prioritäten der Standorte. Die in dieser Arbeit verwendeten Methoden umfassen Bildfusion mittels RandomForests Regression, die hochauflösende Ableitung der Landbedeckung unter Verwendung des RandomForests Klassifiizierers, sowie spektrale Entmischung mittels Multiple Endmember Spectral Mixture Analysis (MESMA) und Feldmethoden für die Kartierung des Weidezustands.:LIST OF FIGURES XVII LIST OF TABLES XIX LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XXI 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 1 1.2 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES AND QUESTIONS 3 1.3 VALUE OF THE RESEARCH 5 1.4 STRUCTURE 6 2 CONCEPTUAL BACKGROUND 7 2.1 LAND DEGRADATION 7 2.1.1 Definition of Land Degradation 7 2.1.2 Forest Fragmentation 9 2.1.3 Pasture Degradation 14 2.2 REMOTE SENSING FUNDAMENTALS 16 2.2.1 Optical Remote Sensing 16 2.2.2 Image Classification and Land Cover Mapping 20 2.2.3 Vegetation Discrimination 22 2.2.4 Digital Elevation Model (DEM) Applications 24 2.3 LANDSCAPE METRICS 25 3 STUDY AREA 27 3.1 LOCATION 27 3.2 PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 28 3.3 HUMAN ENVIRONMENT 32 4 PART (A): STATE OF THE ART 39 4.1 LAND DEGRADATION IN THE GUAPI-MACACU WATERSHED 40 4.1.1 Forest Fragmentation 40 4.1.2 Pasture Degradation 42 4.2 REMOTE SENSING-BASED LAND DEGRADATION ASSESSMENTS 46 4.2.1 Forest Monitoring in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest Biome 49 4.2.2 Pasture Degradation Mapping 51 4.3 POLICIES AND PROGRAM WITH RELEVANCE TO CONSERVATION AND REFORESTATION PROJECTS IN BRAZIL 54 4.3.1 International Programs, Schemes and Intitiatives 54 4.3.2 National Environmental Policies and Programs 58 4.3.3 Policies and Programs with Focus on the Brazilian Atlantic Forest 64 4.3.4 State-based Regulations in the Rio de Janeiro Federal State 65 4.4 LAND REHABILITATION AND REFORESTATION EFFORTS IN THE RJ FEDERAL STATE 66 4.4.1 Pasture Rehabilitation 66 4.4.2 Forest Restoration 67 5 MATERIAL AND METHODS 71 5.1 GEODATA AND SOFTWARE 71 5.2 PART (B): LAND COVER AND PASTURE DEGRADATION MAPPING 73 5.2.1 Field Survey of Degraded Pastures 73 5.2.2 Satellite Data Processing 75 5.2.3 Hot Spot Analysis 86 5.2.4 Relation of Slope Angle and Degradation Class 87 5.3 PART (C): PRIORITIZATION OF REFORESTATION SITES 87 5.3.1 Preliminary Study 88 5.3.2 Spatial Multi-Criteria Evaluation (SMCE) 90 5.3.3 Forest Scenario Development and Evaluation Using Landscape Metrics 94 6 RESULTS 97 6.1 PART (B): MAPPING OF PASTURE DEGRADATION 97 6.1.1 Categorization of Pasture Degradation 97 6.1.2 High-resolution SWIR band modelling 99 6.1.3 Land Cover Classification with Random Forests 101 6.1.4 Pasture Degradation Mapping Using Spectral Mixture Analysis and Field Data 103 6.1.5 Hot Spot Analysis of Pasture Degradation 106 6.1.6 Slope Influence on Pasture Degradation 107 6.2 PART (C): PRIORITIZATION OF REFORESTATION SITES USING SMCE 109 6.2.1 Characteristics of the Prioritized Areas 109 6.2.2 Forest Scenarios 113 7 DISCUSSION 117 7.1 PART (A/B): ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF LAND DEGRADATION IN THE GUAPI-MACACU WATERSHED 117 7.2 PART (B): METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH FOR PASTURE DEGRADATION MAPPING 119 7.2.1 Satellite images for high-resolution LCC 119 7.2.2 High-resolution SWIR Band Modelling 120 7.2.3 Land Cover Classification 121 7.2.4 Pasture Degradation Mapping Approach 122 7.3 PART (C): SPATIAL PRIORITIZATION FOR REFORESTATION MEASURES 125 7.3.1 Identification of Priority Sites 125 7.3.2 Forest Scenarios 127 8 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 131 9 OUTLOOK 135 REFERENCES 137 ANNEX I
4

Recuperação de pastagem com sistemas de manejo do solo, consorciação e adubação fosfatada / Pasture recovery with soil management systems, intercropping and phosphate fertilizers

Magalhães, Aline [UNESP] 17 November 2016 (has links)
Submitted by ALINE MAGALHÃES null (aline.magalhaes@live.com) on 2016-12-05T17:27:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Aline Magalhaes - Dissertação de Mestrado.pdf: 2938201 bytes, checksum: 9c34bc95fa0368b460ad5b824ba21d29 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-12-07T12:12:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 magalhaes_a_me_dra.pdf: 2938201 bytes, checksum: 9c34bc95fa0368b460ad5b824ba21d29 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-07T12:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 magalhaes_a_me_dra.pdf: 2938201 bytes, checksum: 9c34bc95fa0368b460ad5b824ba21d29 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-17 / Na alimentação animal se destaca o uso das pastagens. No entanto, em sua grande maioria encontram-se em algum grau de degradação física ou biológica. O objetivo do trabalho foi continuar o estudo da recuperação de pastagem degradada, iniciado em 2011, com estratégias de manejo do solo para introdução de estilosantes cv. Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata e S. macrocephala) em pastagem de Urochloa decumbens, em Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico, textura média. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram formadas por sete estratégias de manejo para recuperação da pastagem: controle capim-decumbens (CB); capim-decumbens + estilosantes com plantio direto (PD), capim-decumbens + estilosantes com dessecação parcial com 1,5 L ha-1 de ingrediente ativo glifosato (DP); capim-decumbens + estilosantes com dessecação total com 3,0 L ha-1 de ingrediente ativo glifosato (DT); capim-decumbens + estilosantes com escarificação do solo (E), capim-decumbens + estilosantes com gradagem aradora (G) e capim-decumbens + estilosantes com aração + gradagem (AG). Nas subparcelas foi avaliada a presença e ausência da adubação fosfatada. O experimento foi realizado na Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios – APTA do Extremo Oeste, no município de Andradina/SP com coleta de dados de agosto de 2015 a julho de 2016. Após 4 anos da implantação do experimento, a aração + gradagem proporcionou menor resistência mecânica a penetração do solo, enquanto o maior diâmetro médio ponderado do agregado foi com a utilização do plantio direto + dessecação parcial. A adubação fosfatada contribuiu para maior concentração de fósforo na forragem e na produção de massa seca e menor teor de FDN no período das águas. Os teores de fósforo no solo aumentaram em relação aos valores encontrados na implantação do experimento. O sistema plantio direto sem dessecação apresentou os maiores teores de cálcio, magnésio, soma de bases, capacidade de troca catiônica e saturação por bases. / In animal feed, highlights the use of pastures. However, the vast majority are in some degree of physical or biological degradation. The objective was to continue the study of degraded pasture recovery, which started in 2011, with ways of introducing estilosantes cv. Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata and S. macrocephala) grazing Urochloa decumbens and associated with phosphorus fertilization in Oxisol dystrophic, medium texture. The experiment was conducted at the São Paulo Agency Agribusiness Technologies - APTA Far West, in Andradina / SP with data collection from August 2015 to July 2016. The experimental design was a randomized block with split plots and four replications. The plots were formed seven management strategies for pasture recovery: control pasture U. decumbens (CB); U. decumbens + estilosantes with partial desiccation with 1.5 L ha-1 glyphosate (DP); U. decumbens + estilosantes with complete desiccation with 3.0 L ha-1 glyphosate (DT); U. decumbens + estilosantes with tillage (PD); brachiaria + estilosantes with soil scarification (E), brachiaria + estilosantes with disc plows revealed inefficient harrowing (G) and pasture + estilosantes with plowing + disking (AG). Subplots evaluated the presence and absence of phosphate fertilizer. After four years of implementation of the experiment, noted that plowing + harrowing provided less mechanical resistance to penetration of the soil, while the largest weighted average diameter of the aggregate was the use of direct planting + partial desiccation. The phosphorus fertilization contributes to higher phosphorus concentrations in forage and dry matter production and lower FDN content in the rainy season. Phosphorus levels in the soil increased in relation to the values found in the implementation of the experiment. The tillage without desiccation presented the highest concentration calcium, magnesium, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity and base saturation.
5

Recuperação de pastagem com sistemas de manejo do solo, consorciação e adubação fosfatada

Magalhães, Aline January 2016 (has links)
Orientador: Reges Heinrichs / Resumo: Na alimentação animal se destaca o uso das pastagens. No entanto, em sua grande maioria encontram-se em algum grau de degradação física ou biológica. O objetivo do trabalho foi continuar o estudo da recuperação de pastagem degradada, iniciado em 2011, com estratégias de manejo do solo para introdução de estilosantes cv. Campo Grande (Stylosanthes capitata e S. macrocephala) em pastagem de Urochloa decumbens, em Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico, textura média. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. As parcelas foram formadas por sete estratégias de manejo para recuperação da pastagem: controle capim-decumbens (CB); capim-decumbens + estilosantes com plantio direto (PD), capim-decumbens + estilosantes com dessecação parcial com 1,5 L ha-1 de ingrediente ativo glifosato (DP); capim-decumbens + estilosantes com dessecação total com 3,0 L ha-1 de ingrediente ativo glifosato (DT); capim-decumbens + estilosantes com escarificação do solo (E), capim-decumbens + estilosantes com gradagem aradora (G) e capim-decumbens + estilosantes com aração + gradagem (AG). Nas subparcelas foi avaliada a presença e ausência da adubação fosfatada. O experimento foi realizado na Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios – APTA do Extremo Oeste, no município de Andradina/SP com coleta de dados de agosto de 2015 a julho de 2016. Após 4 anos da implantação do experimento, a aração + gradagem proporcionou menor resistência me... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre
6

Caracterização biofísica e potencial à intensificação sustentável da pecuária brasileira em pastagens / Biophysical characterization and the potential for sustainable intensification of the brazilian cattle ranching in pastures

Arantes, Arielle Elias 18 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-27T10:27:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Arielle Elias Arantes - 2017.pdf: 12603465 bytes, checksum: d64f9bccc8dcafceb1f000629bf7f031 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-12-27T10:28:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Arielle Elias Arantes - 2017.pdf: 12603465 bytes, checksum: d64f9bccc8dcafceb1f000629bf7f031 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-27T10:28:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Arielle Elias Arantes - 2017.pdf: 12603465 bytes, checksum: d64f9bccc8dcafceb1f000629bf7f031 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-18 / Cattle ranching is the main land use activity in Brazil, with about 175 million hectares of cultivated pasture, with at least 50% of these being with some degree of degradation. Degraded pastures present low biomass production of little nutritional value, which leads to low animal weight gain in the rainy season and loss of weight in the dry season. Due to its low productive efficiency, if these areas were identified and recovered, they could be intensified, freeing pasture areas for other uses. In this context, the objective of this work was to evaluate the pasture vigor and the potential livestock intensification for Brazil. In order to obtain the vigor and productivity of Brazilian pastures, a Pasture Strength Index (PVI) was generated by integrating the α (intercept) and β (slope) coefficients, derived from the linear regression of the vegetation index (NDVI) over time (2000 to 2017). Pastures with low PVI values were located throughout the Caatinga biome, in the MATOPIBA region of the Cerrado biome, in the eastern portion of Mato Grosso do Sul, southeastern of Mato Grosso and northwestern of Goiás. These areas are associated to regions of higher water deficit, as shown by the relationship between the PVI and the total annual precipitation (R² = 0.40) and evapotranspiration. For the Cerrado biome, the PVI showed high spatial correspondence with the green biomass and percent green cover. Green biomass and percent green cover were generated from extrapolation of field data to the spatial resolution of MODIS images. The areas with lower PVI values in the Cerrado biome also had lower green biomass (< 6000 kg ha-1 ) and percent green cover (< 47%) during the growing season. Considering the accumulated green biomass in the growing season, it was observed that the Cerrado’s cattle stocking rate could increase from 1.11 AU ha-1 (real cattle stocking rate) to 2.56 AU ha-1 (potential cattle stocking rate). The real cattle stocking rate in 2015 was generated through the integration of the 2006 Livestock Census data with the Livestock Production data for the year 2015. The potential cattle stocking rate was obtained from the relationship between the forage production (green biomass and gross primary productivity - GPP) and the forage demand of one animal unit (1 AU = 450 kg). The potential of intensification was determined from the difference between the actual and the potential cattle stocking rates. For all of Brazil, the cattle stocking rate in 2015 was 0.97 AU ha-1 , reaching a potential of 3.60 AU ha-1 , that is, the potential for intensification was 2.63 AU ha-1 . The greatest potential of intensification occurred in the South region (3.62 AU ha-1 ), and the lowest in the North (2.13 AU ha-1 ) and Northeast (2.22 AU ha-1 ) regions of Brazil. / A pecuária é a principal atividade de uso da terra no Brasil, com cerca de 175 milhões de hectares de pastagens cultivadas, sendo que pelo menos 50% destas estão com algum nível de degradação. Pastagens degradadas apresentam baixa produção de biomassa de pouco valor nutritivo, o que leva a um menor ganho de peso animal na estação chuvosa e a perda de peso na estação seca. Pela sua baixa eficiência produtiva, caso haja a identificação e a recuperação destas áreas, estas poderiam ser intensificadas, liberando áreas para outros usos. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o vigor e o potencial de intensificação das pastagens brasileiras. Para obter o vigor das pastagens, gerou-se um Índice de Vigor do Pasto (PVI), por meio da integração dos coeficientes α (intercepto) e β (slope), obtidos da regressão linear do índice de vegetação (NDVI) ao longo do tempo (2000 a 2017). As pastagens com os menores valores de PVI localizaram-se em todo o bioma Caatinga, na região do MATOPIBA no bioma Cerrado, no leste do Mato Grosso do Sul, sudeste do Mato Grosso e noroeste de Goiás. Estas áreas estão associadas a regiões de maior déficit hídrico, como mostrado pela relação do PVI com a precipitação (R² = 0,40) e a evapotranspiração acumuladas durante o ano (R² = 0,30). Para o bioma Cerrado, o PVI apresentou alta correspondência espacial com a biomassa verde e com o percentual de cobertura verde. A biomassa verde e o percentual de cobertura verde foram geradas a partir da extrapolação de dados de campo para a resolução espacial das imagens MODIS. As áreas com menores valores de PVI no bioma Cerrado também tiveram pouca biomassa verde (< 6.000 kg ha-1 ) e porcentagem cobertura verde (< 47%) durante a estação de crescimento. Considerando o acúmulo de biomassa verde na estação de crescimento, percebeu-se que a lotação bovina do Cerrado poderia aumentar de 1,11 UA ha-1 (lotação real) para 2,56 UA ha-1 (lotação potencial). A lotação bovina real em 2015 foi estimada por meio da integração de dados do Censo Agropecuário de 2006 com dados da Produção Pecuária Municipal de 2015. Já a lotação potencial, foi obtida a partir da relação entre a produção de forragem (biomassa verde ou produtividade primária bruta – GPP) e a demanda de forragem de uma unidade animal (1 UA = 450 kg). A partir da diferença entre a lotação bovina real e potencial determinou-se o potencial de intensificação. Para todo o Brasil, a lotação bovina em 2015 foi de 0,97 UA ha-1 , podendo chegar a um potencial de 3,60 UA ha-1 , ou seja, o potencial de intensificação foi de 2,63 UA ha-1 . O maior potencial de intensificação se deu na região Sul (3,62 UA ha-1 ) e os menores nas regiões Norte (2,13 UA ha-1 ) e Nordeste (2,22 UA ha-1 ) do Brasil.
7

Pecuária bovina e condicionantes socioambientais na bacia hidrográfica do Rio vermelho - GO / Socio-environmental determinants of cattle ranching practices in the Vermelho river basin in Goiás, central Brazil

Oliveira, Elis Regina de 15 December 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-01-31T14:05:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Elis Regina de Olivieira - 2017.pdf: 5392456 bytes, checksum: 68610e861c2d0e531893fa02a36401f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-01-31T14:28:36Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Elis Regina de Olivieira - 2017.pdf: 5392456 bytes, checksum: 68610e861c2d0e531893fa02a36401f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T14:28:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Elis Regina de Olivieira - 2017.pdf: 5392456 bytes, checksum: 68610e861c2d0e531893fa02a36401f5 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This thesis identified and analyzed the factors that determine the decision- making process of beef producers in relation to their investments in technology and the environmental consequences of these decisions, focusing on the Vermelho River basin as the geographical unit of analysis. The study analyzed the productive and economic viability of four models of beef production based on grazing systems, considering distinct levels of technology. This study defined three analytical dimensions: the socio- economic profile of the producer, the configuration of the production system, and management practices. The research used a stratified sampling design, with 60 randomly-selected cattle ranching establishments distributed in the strata according to their relief and the variability of their soils. The responses to the standard questionnaire provided primarily qualitative data, with the variables being measured on an ordinal or nominal scale. Multiple correspondence and cluster analyses were used to identify, respectively, the components that contributed most to the variance observed in the analyses, and the groups of variables and sampling units which best represented the indices of technology and pasture degradation, with a beta regression being applied to determine a mathematical function that could be applied to infer the classification of other sampling units in the study basin. The technological and pasture degradation indices did not present any spatial autocorrelation, based on Moran’s global or local indices. Nonparametric statistics (Fisher’s exact test, Spearman and Kendall) were used to verify the significance of the associations among the variables tested during the study. Principal results: the system with the lowest input of supplements was the most profitable; no significant relationship was found between the technological index and any of the variables: education, farm credit, cattle density, pasture degradation index, or the interaction of this index with the size of the property. Significant associations were identified between the technological index and the income, relief, and size of the property. The positive association between income and technology indicates that more technological systems are more profitable. The inverse relationship between relief and technology reflects the fact that the more technological systems tend to be installed on flatter or gently sloping terrain. The direct association between the size of the property and the use of technology reflects the importance of obtaining economies of scale to guarantee the profitability of the investment. The lack of any systematic relationship between the technological index and cattle density, as confirmed by the cluster analysis, indicates that high densities (above 2 animals per hectare) may be found in low technology systems, which impacts productivity and profitability, as well as long-term environmental sustainability. / Esta tese tem por objetivo identificar e analisar os fatores que condicionam a tomada de decisões dos produtores de bovinos por inversão de capital em níveis de tecnificação e suas consequências ambientais, utilizando a Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Vermelho como unidade geográfica de estudo. Analisou-se a viabilidade produtiva e econômica de quatro modelos de produção de bovinos de corte em sistema de pastejo, considerando opções tecnológicas distintas. A partir desse estudo o instrumento de coleta de dados foi estruturado em três dimensões: perfil socioeconômico do gestor; composição do sistema de produção; e manejos. A pesquisa utilizou amostra estratificada por compartimentos com 60 estabelecimentos agropecuários, distribuídos entre os estratos, conforme a declividade e variabilidade de solos, selecionadas aleatoriamente. As perguntas e respostas fechadas constantes do formulário resultaram principalmente em variáveis de natureza qualitativa, com respectivas categorias medidas principalmente em escala nominal ou ordinal. Utilizou-se análise de correspondência múltipla e análise de cluster para identificar as componentes com maior proporção de variância explicada, e os respectivos agrupamentos de variáveis e unidades amostrais, que representassem melhor os indicadores de nível tecnológico e de degradação de pastagens, utilizando regressão beta para determinar equação matemática que possibilitasse inferir essa classificação para outras unidades amostrais da bacia. Indicador tecnológico e de degradação de pastagens não apresentaram autocorrelação espacial, considerando Índice Moran Global e Local. Utilizou-se de testes não paramétricos (teste exato de Fisher, Spearman e Kendall) para verificar a existência de associação entre as variáveis que compuseram as hipóteses científicas. Principais resultados: sistema de baixo consumo de suplemento apresentou maior índice de rentabilidade; não foi observada evidência estatística entre indicador tecnológico com cada uma das variáveis: educação, crédito rural, taxa de lotação, indicador de degradação de pastagens; e entre degradação de pastagens e tamanho da propriedade. As associações verificadas foram entre indicador tecnológico com cada uma das variáveis: renda, relevo e tamanho da propriedade. Renda associada positivamente com tecnologia sugere que, sistemas mais tecnificados remuneram melhor o gestor. Relevo, associado inversamente com tecnologia, revela que sistemas mais tecnificados estão instalados em relevos planos e em suave ondulados. Associação direta entre tamanho da propriedade e tecnologia evidencia que sistemas tecnificados de produção de bovinos em pastejo, demandam maior área para obter ganho de escala. A não associação entre indicador tecnológico e taxa de lotação, conforme observado também pela análise de cluster, sugere que taxas de lotação mais elevadas (acima de 2 UA/ha) podem ocorrer em sistemas com baixa tecnificação, comprometendo a sustentabilidade produtiva, econômica e ambiental.

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