This master thesis deals with the European Patent System. The aim of this thesis is to provide the reader with a complex review of the Patent Law at the european level from its early beginning, when in the 70's was signed the European Patent Convention at the Munich Diplomatic Conference, up to the present. The thesis is systematically divided into five chapters and each chapter also contains several subchapters. The first chapter is dedicated to historical development of the European Patent. In the second chapter there is a brief description of the European Patent Convention and its two most important revisions. The third, most extensive chapter is dedicated to the European Patent Organisation which was founded in 1977 on the legal basis of the European Patent Convention. I deal especially with its two fundamental bodies - the European Patent Office and the Administrative Council. There is also a definition of the term of patentability as it is regulated by European Patent Convention and a characteristic of the European Patent Application. A separate subsection of the third section focuses on the patent granting procedure in front of the European Patent Office. I deal also with the character of the European Patent as such, I try to critically evaluate its biggest deficiencies but also to point...

The dissertation examines current European patent court system and the possibilities of its improvement. First of all it identifies main problems of the existing fragmented patent litigation and in response to those findings, examines possible solutions to the situation. First, it deals with the possibility of adopting certain measures to improve the current situation, while maintaining the current system, in which national courts remain competent in patent disputes. The second option is linked to the issue of creating new specialized European patent jurisdiction. Thus the dissertation chronologically analyses individual legislative proposals and documents on the creation of a specialized European patent court system at supranational (EU) and international level. Namely Community Patent Convention (1975), Protocol on Litigation to the Agreement relating to Community Patents (1989), draft EPLA (European Patent Litigation Agreement 2003), proposals on decisions establishing Community Patent Court (2003) and draft Agreement on the European and Community Patents Court (2009). Separate section is devoted to the most recent Agreement on Unified Patent Court opened only to EU Member States, which was signed early in 2013 by most of them. The main objective of the research is to answer the question whether...

[pt] Atualmente os categorizadores de textos construídos por técnicas de aprendizagem de máquina têm alcançado bons resultados, tornando viável a categorização automática de textos. A proposição desse estudo foi a definição de vários modelos direcionados à categorização de pedidos de patente, no idioma português. Para esse ambiente foi proposto um comitê composto de 6 (seis) modelos, onde foram usadas várias técnicas. A base de dados foi constituída de 1157 (hum mil cento e cinquenta e sete) resumos de pedidos de patente, depositados no INPI, por depositantes nacionais, distribuídos em várias categorias. Dentre os vários modelos propostos para a etapa de processamento da categorização de textos, destacamos o desenvolvido para o Método 01, ou seja, o k-Nearest-Neighbor (k-NN), modelo também usado no ambiente de patentes, para o idioma inglês. Para os outros modelos, foram selecionados métodos que não os tradicionais para ambiente de patentes. Para quatro modelos, optou-se por algoritmos, onde as categorias são representadas por vetores centróides. Para um dos modelos, foi explorada a técnica do High Order Bit junto com o algoritmo k- NN, sendo o k todos os documentos de treinamento. Para a etapa de préprocessamento foram implementadas duas técnicas: os algoritmos de stemização de Porter; e o StemmerPortuguese; ambos com modificações do original. Foram também utilizados na etapa do pré-processamento: a retirada de stopwords; e o tratamento dos termos compostos. Para a etapa de indexação foi utilizada principalmente a técnica de pesagem dos termos intitulada: frequência de termos modificada versus frequência de documentos inversa TF -IDF . Para as medidas de similaridade ou medidas de distância destacamos: cosseno; Jaccard; DICE; Medida de Similaridade; HOB. Para a obtenção dos resultados foram usadas as técnicas de predição da relevância e do rank. Dos métodos implementados nesse trabalho, destacamos o k-NN tradicional, o qual apresentou bons resultados embora demande muito tempo computacional. / [en] Nowadays, the text s categorizers constructed based on learning techniques, had obtained good results and the automatic text categorization became viable. The purpose of this study was the definition of various models directed to text categorization of patent s application in Portuguese language. For this environment was proposed a committee composed of 6 (six) models, where were used various techniques. The text base was constituted of 1157 (one thousand one hundred fifty seven) abstracts of patent s applications, deposited in INPI, by national applicants, distributed in various categories. Among the various models proposed for the step of text categorization s processing, we emphasized the one devellopped for the 01 Method, the k-Nearest-Neighbor (k-NN), model also used in the English language patent s categorization environment. For the others models were selected methods, that are not traditional in the English language patent s environment. For four models, there were chosen for the algorithms, centroid vectors representing the categories. For one of the models, was explored the High Order Bit technique together with the k-NN algorithm, being the k all the training documents. For the pre-processing step, there were implemented two techniques: the Porter s stemization algorithm; and the StemmerPortuguese algorithm; both with modifications of the original. There were also used in the pre-processing step: the removal of the stopwards; and the treatment of the compound terms. For the indexing step there was used specially the modified documents term frequency versus documents term inverse frequency TF-IDF . For the similarity or distance measures there were used: cosine; Jaccard; DICE; Similarity Measure; HOB. For the results, there were used the relevance and the rank technique. Among the methods implemented in this work it was emphasized the traditional k-NN, which had obtained good results, although demands much computational time.

La mondialisation a favorisé l’essor de l’innovation collaborative entraînant une augmentation du nombre de partenariats entre différents acteurs. Grâce à leurs avantages multiples, les projets conjoints jouent un rôle fondamental dans le développement économique et industriel des secteurs à forte valeur ajoutée. Dans cette optique, la création ou la quantification de valeur par l’innovation collaborative repose en grande partie sur la capacité à commercialiser des innovations encadrées par une protection intellectuelle adéquate. Ainsi, la tendance mondiale témoigne d’une augmentation accrue des dépôts conjoints de brevets entre diverses entités. Ces co-dépôts soulèvent une variété de questions juridiques puisque les régimes statutaires ne sont pas nécessairement adaptés à la réalité des partenariats. D’abord, les régimes lacunaires proposés par les lois n’anticipent pas les conséquences juridiques de l’interaction entre divers acteurs. La variété de configurations d’intervenants et la typologie des partenariats entraînent une confusion entre les inventeurs et les propriétaires lors du dépôt d’une demande de brevet. Cette situation peut également induire de facto la copropriété d’un brevet pouvant causer des litiges et miner l’énorme valeur des brevets conjoints. Ensuite, les régimes statutaires sont également déficients à l’étape de l’exploitation d’un brevet conjoint. En comparant les régimes juridiques canadiens et américains, il devient possible de mieux cerner les enjeux juridiques associés aux questionnements présents lors de l’élaboration d’un partenariat. Afin d’obtenir des retombées fructueuses des brevets conjoints, une mise en forme contractuelle est proposée pour pallier ces lacunes statutaires. Grâce à des outils contractuels et à une planification pré-contractuelle, les copropriétaires pourront réaliser l’énorme potentiel de cette institution. / Globalization has encouraged the development of collaborative innovation, leading to an increased number of partnerships between various actors. Because of their multiple benefits, joint projects play a key role in the economic and industrial development of high value-added sectors. In this context, the creation or quantification of value by collaborative innovation depends largely on the ability to market innovations having an adequate intellectual property protection. Thus, the global trend shows a significant increase in joint filings of patent applications between various entities. These co-filings raise a variety of legal issues, since the statutory schemes are not necessarily adapted to the reality of partnerships. First, the incomplete schemes provided by laws do not anticipate the legal consequences of the interaction between different actors. The variety of stakeholder configurations and types of partnerships leads to confusion between the inventors and the owners when filing a patent application. This situation can also lead to de facto co-ownership of a patent, which may result in disputes and undermine the tremendous value of joint patents. In addition, the statutory schemes are also deficient at the stage of the exploitation of a joint patent. By comparing the Canadian and American legal schemes, it becomes possible to better identify the legal issues associated with the questions presented during the development of a partnership. To achieve successful outcomes from joint patents, a contractual framework is proposed to overcome these statutory gaps. Through the use of contractual tools and pre-contract planning, joint owners can realize the enormous potential of this institution.

This diploma thesis is dedicated to the European patent with unitary effect and reviews effects of the approval of the unitary patent package for clarity, time demands and financial aspects of patent protection. The thesis also deals in detail with assessment of changes in the language question in connection with the regulation of translation or in the event of a dispute concerning a European patent with unitary effect. It further assess changes resulting from the ratification of the Agreement on a Unified Patent Court and its impact on financial costs and time demands of patent litigation for the patent applicant. In the practical part the author conducts a party interested in unitary patent protection through the process, procedure for filing and communication with Industrial Property Office and the European Patent Office, from the filing of a application for a Unitary patent until the grant of a Unitary patent.