Bakgrund Klimakteriet är en hormonell förändring som alla kvinnor går igenom och är ett resultat av kvinnans fertila år. Den hormonella förändringen påverkar alla kvinnor men på olika sätt och upplevelsen av dess påverkan kan skilja sig mellan olika kvinnor. Symtomen som kvinnan upplever kan vara både fysiska och psykiska och kan komma att påverka kroppsbilden och den sexuella hälsan. Att uppmärksamma kvinnans upplevelse av klimakteriet, ge henne utrymme för sina tankar och erbjuda möjlighet att få stöd i detta kan styrka hennes egenmakt i livsstilsförändringen. Syfte Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att beskriva kvinnors upplevelser och erfarenheter kring sin sexuella hälsa under klimakteriet. Metod Metod för studien var en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt. Litteraturöversikten presenterar resultat från 16 vetenskapliga originalartiklar inhämtade från databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och PsycInfo. De vetenskapliga artiklarna är av blandad design och har kvalitetsgranskats i enlighet med Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag och analyserat enligt en integrerad dataanalys. Resultat Litteraturöversikten resulterade i tre olika kategorier och tillhörande underkategorier baserat på huvudfynden i kvinnornas upplevelser. Följande kategorier har identifierats; Upplevelsen av menopausala symtoms inverkan på den sexuella funktionen, Effekter på den sexuella hälsan och Behov av behandling och stöd för ökad sexuell hälsa. Slutsats Litteraturöversikten påvisade att majoriteten av kvinnorna som genomgår klimakteriet upplever en negativ förändring i sin sexuella hälsa. Den förändrade kroppsbilden i kombination med menopausala symtom påverkade kvinnans sexuella funktion negativt. Många kvinnor beskrev en önskan om att få stöd och rådgivning av sjuksköterskan kring hur hon ska kunna återta egenmakt över sin sexualitet. För att kunna stödja kvinnan i den hormonella förändringen är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan har kunskap kring klimakteriet och hur kvinnan kan komma att påverkas för att främja hälsa och välbefinnande. / Background Menopause is a hormonal change that women go through and represent the ending of women's fertile years. The hormonal change affects women but in different ways and the experience of its impact can differ between women. The symptoms that women experiences can be both physical and psychological and can affect the body image and the sexual health. Paying attention to a woman's experience of menopause, giving her space for her thoughts and offering the opportunity to receive support can strengthen her autonomy in this lifestyle change. Aim The purpose of this literature review was to describe women's experiences surrounding sexual health during menopause. Method The method used for the study was a literature review. The literature review presents results from 16 original scientific articles obtained from the databases PubMed, CINAHL and PsycInfo. The scientific articles are of mixed designs and have been quality reviewed in accordance with Sophiahemmet University's assessment data and analyzed according to an integrated data analysis method. Results The literature review resulted in three different categories and associated subcategories based on the main findings from women's experiences. The following categories have been identified; The experience of menopausal symptoms and it’s effect on the sexual function, Effects on sexual health and Need for treatment and support for increased sexual health. Conclusions This literature review showed that the majority of women who undergo menopause experience a negative change in their sexual health. Many women described a desire to receive support and advice from the nurse on how she can be able to regain autonomy over her sexual health. To be able to support the woman during menopause it is important that the nurse has knowledge of how the woman may be affected to promote health and wellbeing.

Submitted by admin tede (tede@pucgoias.edu.br) on 2017-08-10T12:08:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CLÁUDIA MAGALHÃES MATOS.pdf: 3267899 bytes, checksum: 2d2b25e1956255ea5beaaf63fb6ba19e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-10T12:08:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANA CLÁUDIA MAGALHÃES MATOS.pdf: 3267899 bytes, checksum: 2d2b25e1956255ea5beaaf63fb6ba19e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-10 / Oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common disorder in people that survived a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). It is a disability that contributes to the lack of functionality and dependency to eat. These eating limitations lead to clinical risks and adaptation needs to deal with the restrictions. The objective of the present dissertation, a qualitative case study, was to describe the experience of living with oropharyngeal dysphagia after a CVA from the patients‟ and their relative caregivers‟ perspectives. The dissertation reports seven cases of people who survived a CVA; these patients live in the southwest of Bahia and were discharged from hospital presenting signs and symptoms of dysphagia between October 2015 and July 2016. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews at the patients‟ homes. Five patients and seven relative caregivers were interviewed individually or in pairs. By applying an interpretative thematic analysis, the following thematic topics were identified: changes in preparing, handling and offering food; difficulties and feelings of the patients and relative caregivers before dysphagia; and social support. Confrontation of the signs and symptoms of dysphagia occurred with little orientation, mainly in the transition from hospital to home care, and little formal support. It was observed that the signs and symptoms of this disorder, such as cough and choking, are frequent, especially during the postdischarge period, and cause dissatisfaction and reveal a lack of preparation to deal with difficulties. The relative caregivers that did not receive orientations and help to manage the eating routine of the patients faced a greater difficulty to prepare, handle and offer food. The results show the importance of interdisciplinary team work, mainly to prepare the family for hospital discharge, and the relatives‟ commitment in the care process regarding the application of educational practices and training to achieve humanized care and a higher quality of life for patients. In addition to these measures, the findings confirm the need for speech therapy interventions focused on the evaluation of patients with CVA and follow-up of their eating patterns throughout the rehabilitation process. / A disfagia orofaríngea é um distúrbio observado frequentemente em pessoas que sobrevivem ao acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Trata-se de uma incapacidade que contribui para a perda da funcionalidade e da independência para se alimentar. As limitações para a alimentação levam a riscos clínicos e necessidades de adaptação para enfrentar as dificuldades existentes. O objetivo desta pesquisa, do tipo estudo de caso qualitativo, foi descrever a experiência de vivenciar a disfagia orofaríngea após o acidente vascular cerebral na perspectiva do paciente e de cuidadores familiares. Foram descritos os casos de sete sobreviventes ao AVC, residentes em um município do Sudoeste da Bahia e que receberam alta hospitalar com sinais e sintomas de disfagia, no período de outubro de 2015 a julho de 2016. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas realizadas em domicílio. Foram entrevistados cinco pacientes e sete cuidadores familiares, de modo individual, ou em díades. Por meio da análise temática interpretativa, foram identificados os seguintes núcleos temáticos: mudanças no preparo, manejo e oferta da dieta; dificuldades e sentimentos dos pacientes e cuidadores familiares no enfrentamento da disfagia e o apoio social. O enfrentamento dos sinais e sintomas da disfagia ocorreu com poucas orientações, principalmente no processo de transição do cuidado hospitalar para o domicílio, e pouco apoio formal. Observou-se que os sinais e sintomas deste distúrbio como tosse e engasgos são frequentes, sobretudo na fase pós alta hospitalar, e trazem sentimentos de insatisfação, bem como demonstram o despreparo dos cuidadores para lidar com as dificuldades. Os cuidadores familiares que não tiveram orientações e auxílios nas condutas durante alimentação se depararam com maior dificuldade no preparo, manejo e oferta da dieta. Os resultados evidenciam, além da necessidade de intervenções fonoaudiológicas focadas na avaliação do paciente com AVC e no acompanhamento de seu padrão de alimentação no decorrer do processo de reabilitação, a importância da atuação de equipes interdisciplinares, principalmente no preparo para alta hospitalar, e do envolvimento da família no processo do cuidar, com vistas ao desenvolvimento de ações educativas e treinamento prático para a busca constante da humanização e melhor qualidade de vida.

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 2 är en folksjukdom vars prevalens ökar varje år. Behandlingen består främst av patientens egenvård där sjuksköterskan har en central funktion i att stödja, ge råd och informera. Genom ökad förståelse om sjuksköterskans upplevelser av att vårda patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2, kan det underlätta för sjuksköterskan och förbättra vården av patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Syfte: Undersöka sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter med diabetes mellitus typ 2. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ och kvantitativ design. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fyra teman; Samtalet som grund till en god relation, Se patienten ur ett helhetsperspektiv, Det finns hinder att övervinna och Organisationen begränsar. Konklusion: Resultatet visar på hur sjuksköterskan har en viktig och bärande roll i diabetesvården och hur samtalet ligger till grund för att kunna stödja patienten till egenvård. Resultatet visar också på betydelsen av att arbeta personcentrerat men även på hinder i form av arbetsbelastning, bristande kompetens och organisatoriska problem sjuksköterskan upplever i arbetet. Genom att synliggöra dessa aspekter kan sjuksköterskans utbildning och arbetsmiljö förbättras och därmed säkra en tryggare vård. / Background: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a public disease whose prevalence increases every year. The treatment mainly consists of the patient's self-care, where the nurse has a central role in supporting, advising and informing. With increased understanding of the nurse's experiences of caring for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2, the acquired knowledge can make it easier for the nurse and thus streamline the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Aim: Investigate nurses’ experiences of caring for patients with Diabetes mellitus type 2. Method: A literature review based on scientific articles with qualitative and quantitative designs. Findings: The results are presented in four themes; The conversation - the basis of a good relationship, See the patient from a holistic perspective, There are obstacles to overcome and The organization limits. Conclusion: The result shows how the nurse has an important and supporting role in diabetes care and how the conversation forms the basis of being able to support the patient's self care. The results also show the importance of person-centred work but also the obstacles in form of workload, lack of competence and organizational problems the nurse experiences in her work. By making these aspects visible, the nurse's training and work environment are improved and thereby ensure safer care.