Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第16818号 / 工博第3539号 / 新制||工||1535(附属図書館) / 29493 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市社会工学専攻 / (主査)教授 小林 潔司, 教授 大津 宏康, 教授 河野 広隆 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Recently, the Texas Department of Transportation began using Permeable Friction Course (PFC), a 5 cm overlay of porous pavement that is applied over conventional pavement. PFC was initially developed because it allows water to drain off the surface of roads much more rapidly, thus reducing visual impairment due to splash and spray as well as reducing the risk of hydroplaning. While investigating the water quality of stormwater runoff, researchers at the University of Texas discovered that PFC caused a reduction in many common stormwater pollutant concentrations. Monitoring of stormwater at one site has been ongoing for 5 years without any indication of a decline in water quality. A second location provided paired samples to analyze the particle size distribution. Results show a significant reduction in the mass of particles commonly associated with heavy metals and nutrient loads. A third location was chosen based on tests indicating it to have a lower hydraulic conductivity relative to other locations. The paired samples provided a comparison of runoff quality at a site believed to be heavily clogged. The results show PFC continues to produce significantly lower runoff pollutant concentrations despite the decreased hydraulic conductivity. / text

No description available.

No description available.

Mostrou-se por argumentação que a análise sobre conceitos e definições contidos nas Normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, série NBR ISO 9000, pode contribuir para identificar sugestões para estudos, análise e aceitação de ações para construção e manutenção de pavimentos, e comportamento de pavimentos durante as solicitações pelo tráfego de veículos do ponto de vista dos que usam rodovias. Para isso estudaram-se conceitos sobre qualidade e \"qualidade de pavimentos ou seus serviços\", conceituaram-se organizações, relataram-se e discutiram-se conceitos sobre \"sistema da qualidade\", \"garantia da qualidade\", manuseio de informações para ações sobre a qualidade; \"gestão da qualidade\", especificação e suas relações com clientes; qualidade de processos; qualidade de serviços. Por fim através de uma série de relatos sobre fatos discutiram-se a aplicabilidade de normas a estudos de qualidade de pavimentos, conclusões e sugestões. / Arguments were used to show that definitions and concepts from National Brazilian for Standards Association documents, the NBR ISO 9000, should contribute to identify concepts and suggestions to analyze and accept actions in construction and maintenance of pavements, or their performance using the user\'s point of view. lt was studied concepts on quality, pavement quality, organizations, quality systems, quality warranty, information to quality actions, actions on quality, process quality and service quality. After this it was reported some facts to guide the discussion on standard applications to pavement quality studies.

As Normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas fixam conceitos e sugestões para a condução de auditorias sobre processos para produzir ou fornecer bens e serviços. Esse trabalho relata e discute informações obtidas durante ações de uma tentativa para \"mostrar que o uso de conceitos contidos nas Normas NBR ISO, série 10.000, pode contribuir para orientar análises sobre o comportamento de pavimentos e identificar diretrizes que contribuam para melhorar o nível para qualidade de construção, manutenção ou reabilitação destes equipamentos de rodovias\". / The Standards of the Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas fix concepts and suggestions to the conduction of auditing on processes to produce or to supply goods and services. This thesis reports and discusses information obtained during actions of an attempt \"to show that the use of concepts contained in Standards NBR ISO, series 10.000, can contribute to guide analyses on the pavement performance and to identify lines of direction that contribute to improve the level for quality of construction, maintenance or rehabilitation of these equipment of highways\".

Pavement performance is a broad term that tries to describe how changing usage and varying conditions effect changes in pavement conditions. Measures of performance such as the Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI), the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) or Pavement Quality Index are available for use. Modeling pavement management is an essential activity of a pavement management system. Currently, models are used in the pavement planning and budget development process, as well as in helping to determine pavement life cycle management (George, Rajagopal, and Lim 1989). This process provides a means to plan for both routine maintenance and full rehabilitation of current roads. Maintaining these roads in good order is essential to providing a safe and rapid means of ground transportation in order to support both the current and future economic needs of our communities. System Dynamics is a simulation modeling process that was developed by Jay Forrester while at MIT. The modeling process allows the modeler to capture both the structure of the system under study and the decision rules used by members of the system that affect the behavior of the system. The modeling process is based on the concept that real world systems are non-linear in nature and the results of actions taken feedback and effect the system necessitating new actions. The objective of this study will be to use the System Dynamics modeling process to: Determine if and how current pavement management practices contribute to problems that pavement managers deal with on a day to day basis. Develop a set of recommendations to improve those practices that are found to contribute to or create the problem. Provide a tool that pavement managers can use to test their own proposed changes to their management practices in the form of a simulated environment.

Pavement performance is a broad term that tries to describe how changing usage and varying conditions effect changes in pavement conditions. Measures of performance such as the Pavement Serviceability Index (PSI), the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) or Pavement Quality Index are available for use. Modeling pavement management is an essential activity of a pavement management system. Currently, models are used in the pavement planning and budget development process, as well as in helping to determine pavement life cycle management (George, Rajagopal, and Lim 1989). This process provides a means to plan for both routine maintenance and full rehabilitation of current roads. Maintaining these roads in good order is essential to providing a safe and rapid means of ground transportation in order to support both the current and future economic needs of our communities. System Dynamics is a simulation modeling process that was developed by Jay Forrester while at MIT. The modeling process allows the modeler to capture both the structure of the system under study and the decision rules used by members of the system that affect the behavior of the system. The modeling process is based on the concept that real world systems are non-linear in nature and the results of actions taken feedback and effect the system necessitating new actions. The objective of this study will be to use the System Dynamics modeling process to: Determine if and how current pavement management practices contribute to problems that pavement managers deal with on a day to day basis. Develop a set of recommendations to improve those practices that are found to contribute to or create the problem. Provide a tool that pavement managers can use to test their own proposed changes to their management practices in the form of a simulated environment.

Flexible pavements are layered systems that consist of a sub-grade, sub-base, and the pavement surface layer. Pavement surface layer is a mixture of asphalt binder, coarse, and fine aggregates. The stiffness of asphalt materials is significantly reduced by an increase in temperature. The high heat capacity and the low thermal conductivity of pavement materials result in significant increase in temperature and hence increase in the potential of rutting or permanent deformation in asphalt pavements. Controlling of pavement temperature within a desirable range can be an efficient method to reduce rutting. In this study, the technique of lowering pavement temperature by using a fluid through pipes installed inside the pavement is being investigated. Pavement slabs of hot mix asphalt with and without inserted copper pipe were constructed in the Civil and Environmental Engineering laboratory, and the slabs were tested under high temperature with the Model Mobile Load Simulator 3 (MMLS3). The extraction of heat energy from asphalt pavements was achieved by flowing water through embedded pipe located at 1.5 inches below the surface. This technique resulted in a 10°C decrease in pavement temperature and a reduction of rutting depth from 0.65 inch (significant) to 0.1inch (insignificant). Rut depth and temperature data obtained at different locations along the pavement showed good correlation between surface temperature and rutting depth. The results show that the flowing water through embedded pipes is an effective way to reduce the surface temperature and thus to control rutting depth and prolong the life of pavement.

Relatam-se atividades e resultados obtidos durante uma tentativa de \"mostrar que o estudo e adaptação de métodos clássicos de avaliação de pavimentos flexíveis pode identificar conceitos e informações que contribuam para desenvolver um arcabouço de métodos, conceitos e processos adequados para avaliar pavimentos cujo revestimento é construído com uso de tijolos\". Para isso: estudaram-se e analisaram-se métodos clássicos para avaliação de pavimentos, caracterizou-se um ambiente onde se usa pavimentos revestidos com tijolo cerâmico, Rio Branco, no Estado do Acre, Brasil, identificaram-se e caracterizaram-se defeitos físicos da superfície de pavimentos revestidos com tijolos que interferissem na qualidade de tráfego de veículos, estudaram-se processos de atribuição de notas a pavimentos por técnicos, motoristas e passageiros treinados para análise de qualidade de viagens pela superfície do pavimentos. A análise de regressão linear múltipla foi o procedimento usado para identificar relações entre notas atribuídas por avaliadores e distribuições de defeitos na superfície de pavimentos revestidos com tijolos. / lt was reported activities and results obtained when trying to show that the study and fitness of classical methods to evaluate flexible pavements should be good to identify information and concepts to contribute in developing method and processes to evaluate brick pavements. To do this: a) classical pavement evaluation was analyzed, b) an environment where brick pavements are constructed was described, the city of Rio Branco, State of Acre, Brazil, c) pavement surface defects were related to vehicle ride quality, d) Scores evaluation processes from drivers and passengers were studied. Linear multiple regression analysis was the method used to identify relationships among scores from evaluators and distributions of defects in brick pavement surface.