This thesis presents a framework for categorisation and risk assessment of non-traditional payment methods used for illicit purchases. The non-profit organisation Financial Coalition is working to prevent such transactions for child abusive material, and has expressed a desire to involve non- traditional payment methods in its operations. In order to do this, it has been necessary to understand the available options on this market, and what alternatives to include. An investigation of desirable properties for commercial and illicit use of payment methods was done using a qualitative approach, involving primarily interviews and online content reviewing. The findings and the framework have successfully been validated during a workshop with knowledgeable actors, as well as during a seminar presentation at the Riksdag of Sweden. On a mainly commercial basis, observations have been made that authentication and privacy in payments will be important factors henceforth. There is also a never-before-seen pace of new payment solutions trying to address this. When aligning this commercial perspective with an illicit one, four principal properties emerge that together describe the most essential aspects of payments in criminal environments: anonymity, regionality, transaction speed, and regulatory possibilities. These principal properties are segmented and combined into a framework for categorisation and risk assessment by assigning risk values to each segment. The risk assessment indicates that payment schemes offering possibilities to anonymity, a large geographical reach, fast transactions, and are based on virtual currencies, are associated with the highest risk in terms of complicating law enforcement work. It is concluded that payment service providers receiving high risk values should be approached by organisation like the Financial Coalition and thus included in the knowledge sharing that takes place. Some schemes however operate without central control functions, which complicates an inclusion. Targeting supporting functions or developing communities could thus be suitable means for such cases instead. If the suggested framework is accepted as a working tool for organisations like the Financial Coalition, more research should be put into quantifying the risk values more thoroughly. / Uppsatsen  presenterar  ett  ramverk  för  kategorisering  och  riskbedömning  av  icke-traditionella betalningsmetoder som används vid illegala köp. Samarbetsorganet Finanskoalitionen arbetar idag för att förhindra transaktioner för barnpornografiskt material, och har uttryckt ett behov av att kunna inkludera sådana icke-traditionella betalningsmetoder i sin verksamhet. För att lyckas med detta är det avgörande att förstå vilka alternativ marknaden erbjuder samt vilka typer av lösningar som bör involveras. Eftertraktade   egenskaper   hos   betalningsmetoder  för   både   kommersiell   och   illegal   handel undersöktes med en kvalitativ ansats, huvudsakligen genom intervjuer och analys av material online. Resultatet och det framtagna ramverket har framgångsrikt validerats under en workshop med inom ämnet kunniga personer samt genom en seminariepresentation i Sveriges Riksdag. För den kommersiella handeln kommer bland annat integritet och autentisering vara två betydande faktorer för betalningar framöver. Samtidigt pågår en snabb utveckling av betalningslösningar som försöker adressera dessa behov. När detta kommersiella perspektiv sammanställs med ett illegalt framträder fyra huvudsakliga egenskaper som tillsammans beskriver de viktigaste aspekterna för betalningar i kriminella miljöer: anonymitet, regionalitet, transaktionshastighet samt möjlighet för reglering. Dessa egenskaper har segmenterats och kombinerats till ett ramverk för kategorisering och riskbedömning  av  icke-traditionella  betalningsmetoder,  där  riskvärden  har  tilldelats  respektive segment. Resultatet indikerar att betalningslösningar som erbjuder anonymitet, har stor geografisk räckvidd, möjliggör snabba transaktioner samt är baserade på virtuella valutor är de lösningar med högst risk att komplicera det rättsliga arbetet, och därmed attraktiva för illegalt användande. Det har konstaterats att betalningsleverantörer med höga riskvärden bör inkluderas i organisationer likt Finanskoalitionen, och därmed få tillgång till den kunskapsspridning som sker inom ämnet. Vissa  lösningar  är  dock  uppbyggda  utan  centrala  styr-  eller  kontrollfunktioner vilket försvårar samarbetet. I dessa fall är det istället mer lämpligt att samverka med angränsande funktioner eller utvecklarnätverk.  Om  det  föreslagna  ramverket  godtas  som  arbetsverktyg  bör  vidare  studier framförallt fokusera på att kvantifiera tilldelade riskvärden mer utförligt.

支付是商業交易活動中很重要的一環，是買家和賣家之間價值的交換。隨著經濟的發展，支付的需求日趨增長，也因此促使支付方式持續地進化發展。從最早的以物易物方式，以商品貨幣作為價值交換的媒介，到現金以錢幣紙幣的形態出現，一直到訊息通訊技術的蓬勃發展，在電腦和網路的普及下發展出許多線上支付的相關創新服務。支付領域經歷了一連串的演進轉變，現代生活中，市場上有非常多支付方式供我們選擇，我們能夠透過簡單的點擊操作快速完成線上付款，也能利用行動裝置輕易的在刷卡機前感應付款，在我們能夠方便快速地完成支付行為的同時，卻對於支付系統背後的實際運作不甚了解。此篇研究希望透過不同種類支付方式的解構來深入探討支付創新。 此篇研究以支付系統的角度建構了由支付活動參與角色所組成的架構圖，架構圖中包含了付款者、收款者、付款者的銀行、收款者的銀行、負責結算與清算的清算所與信用卡公司等角色。透過多重個案分析，研究多個支付服務案例，在架構圖中依步驟流程拆解、呈現其資訊流和金流，了解各種支付方式的實際運作過程，觀察各個支付系統及角色間互動合作的關係。不僅透過多個案例的流程解構與套用來強化、驗證此研究所建立的架構圖，針對每個挑選出的個案也進行深入分析，分別以付款者和收款者的角度，呈現相關關鍵特性包含支付服務的手續費及收款與付款的時間。此外，經過多重個案的深度觀察與解析，此研究也根據支付系統現況提出相關現象的討論。此篇研究提供一個解構支付服務的工具，希望透過多重個案的解析與觀察更深入了解支付創新。 / Payment is a crucial part of commercial activity that occurs in our daily lives. As an economy expands, the requirements of payment increase rapidly, which gives rise to the continuous evolvement of various payment methods. We have evolved from a barter system to the use of cash and paper-based payment instruments, to the advent of information communication technology (ICT) which contributes to online payments, along with the creation of many types of innovative payment methods. This process has been a series of innovations in payment domains. Although many payment methods currently exist, there is a limited understanding of how payment systems work and what actually happens when we pay with a single click online or complete the payment in a flash by placing a mobile phone close to a merchant point-of-sale terminal. This study is dedicated to deconstructing various kinds of payment systems to understand payment innovations in depth. To explore the information flow and cash flow operating in the ecosystem, this study develops a framework for analyzing a payment system based on the literature. The framework consists of a payer and payee who connect through transactions and launch a series of payment processes that include institutions such as the payer’s and payee’s bank, and intermediaries such as a credit card association, a settlement bank, and a clearing house that handles the clearing and settlement process. These components interact and cooperate to fulfill payment activities. The framework, which aims to illustrate the role that each component plays and how complicated payment systems work, is expected to cover all kinds of payment methods. We enhance and verify the framework by applying several cases for traditional and innovative payment methods. With these selected cases, we analyze payment processes between participants and clarify features relating to payment fees and time in respect to payers and payees. Through the observation of multiple cases, we also derive particular facts from the payment operation in the present ecosystem. We hope that the research will offer an instrument to better understand payment systems and provide an in-depth deconstruction and observation for payment innovation.