This diploma theses focuses on comparison of natural and intentionally inducated supressiveness of environment induced by application of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumosorosea a Lecanicillium muscarium. In tests were evaluated the in vitro parameters as well as the effectiveness in vivo biotests on insect host larva Tenebrio molitor. The species of entomopatoghenic fungi were applied in suspensions, single strains and also in combination of two strains. In the in vitro conditions the possibilities of objective evaluation of the supresivity level were tested by using the CFU test (Colony Forming Units) on three different nutrient media (PDA, PDA + A , PDA + D), as one of the basic evaluation parameters. Further the germination tests were evaluated according to GI (Germination Index), determination of radial growth (comparison of median cultures) and interaction of strain suspensions on nutrient media PDA. In the in vivo biotests were watched the epizooties from suspensions of these entomopathogenic fungi on insect larva Tenebrio molitor in competitive test of strains according to FDI (Fungl development index) evaluation scala. Chosen larva covered by fully sporulating mycelium from epizootie were further evaluated in CFU test. The result were dominant strain/s on the larva from applied suspensions.

The target of this thesis is data collection via pocket PC and GPS receiver, together with data processing and visualization in the OziExplorer programme. To the partial goals belongs the description of the specific parts of mobile mapping from the data collection to their visual processing in this programme. The mapping was done in the area of the national protected zone of the Boubín forest, located in the Bohemian Forest. Before the mapping, it was necessary to study the theory of the GPS system, pocket computer, OziExplorer programme and their practical usage including the operation of all the basic functions of the OziExplorer programme. The subsequent step was configuration of the measuring devices and preparation of the data for mapping. A very important part of the data preparation was a diligent calibration of scanned maps which was essential for reaching correct consecutive measurements. The data collection was done by a pocket computer ASUS A639 with an integrated GPS antenna, operation system Windows Mobile 5.0 CZ, and a PDA version of the programme OziExplorerCE. The data collected from the field work in the area of the national protected zone of the Boubín forest, where the measured route was the educational path called the Boubín forest, were processed in the PC programme OziExplorer. Some corrections were made and the final route was transformed to the 3D model via the programme OziExplorer3D. The result of the thesis is the description of the constituent stages of the mobile mapping from the preparation and the data collecting to the visual processing in the OziExplorer programme and 3D model of the relief of the Boubín forest.

Class of 2012 Abstract / Specific Aims: To assess the use of PDA/smartphone based electronic drug databases among pharmacists as it has changed over time. The working hypothesis is that the use of PDA/Smartphone based electronic drug databases has increased over time. Methods: A systematic review of the literature regarding the usage of PDA/smartphone based electronic drug databases among pharmacists using data that was obtained through literature searches. Main Results: Since 2006, the percentage of pharmacists that are using PDA/smartphone based electronic drug databases has increased. Conclusions: The usage of smartphones and PDA based electronic drug databases has increased among pharmacists since 2006 (p<0.05). Easier and cheaper access to the technology has likely led to the products being available to more pharmacists.

This thesis deals with creating application for PDA for multimedia stream presentation and processing. Introduction of the thesis is devoted to the theoretical explanation of terms such as PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) and Windows Mobile 6.0. Readers will be acquainted with the technology of .NET Framework and also with its version for mobile equipment .NET Compact Framework. Advantages as well as disadvantages of .NET technology are dealt with in this section together with the same phenomena of C# programming language, which is the basic language used for running our application. Next chapters of the thesis deal with my own design of multimedia application, especially from the point of view of classes. For better orientation and understanding UML diagram is used. UML (Unified Modeling Language) is a graphic language intended for visualization and documentation of programming systems. Except of general description of the classes there is also a detailed explanation of individual attributes and application methods. Their function and purpose are explained here as well. In the next part of the thesis attention is paid to the network communication of the application, both in terms of individual multimedia files transmission and stream transmission. Principles of connection and disconnection between client and server are analyzed in this part. Client’ s part of the application is designed for the mobile equipment with Microsoft Windows Mobile 6.0 operation system and server’s part of application is designed for computers, where Microsoft Windows XP operation system is installed. A concise manual for operating both the applications is included. This part also describes some exceptions which may occur in case of problems with connection. Last chapters describe synchronization of mobile equipment or emulator with a desktop computer and provide the reader with the summary of supported audio formats in multimedia application. All achieved results are summarized in the concluding part of the thesis.

The traditional paper-based method of field data collection has always been a time-consuming and cumbersome process. Agency personnel in the field complete a standard evaluation form, which is then returned to the office and entered into a computer database for storage and analysis. Throughout this process, data can easily be lost or misinterpreted. As data requirements continue to expand, field data collection can quickly overwhelm a regulatory agency's manpower and resources, which only serves to exacerbate these problems. Recent technological developments can help agencies and organizations keep up with this growing demand and have begun to change the method of data collection and management. The overall goal of this study is to develop, demonstrate, and evaluate a digital protocol for the use of technology in a volunteer stream monitoring application and draw conclusions on its applicability as a more effective means of data collection in a wide variety of fields. The protocol includes digital evaluation forms and integrated help files for use in the field. The digital evaluation forms are based on paper evaluation forms developed by researchers conducting a stream corridor assessment of Stroubles Creek in Blacksburg, Virginia. The protocol was developed using available hardware and software. Collected data can be downloaded directly from a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) and stored on a hard drive or system server. The data can then be input directly into a Geographic Information System (GIS) database to enhance the visualization and usefulness of the information. The GIS allows surveyors to view the relationships among the many factors affecting the stream, as well as preparing the data for advanced analysis. Two examples are provided: a field application of the protocol on streams currently listed for Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development; and an environmental education setting in a Virginia elementary school. Conclusions drawn from these applications are also described. / Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) are becoming more and more powerful with advances in technology and are expanding their applications in a variety of fields. This work explores the use of PDAs in Virtual Environments (VE). The goal is to support highly interactive bi-directional user interactions in Virtual Environments in more natural and less cumbersome ways. A proxy-based approach is adopted to support a wide-range of handheld devices and have a multi-PDA interaction with the virtual world. The architecture consists of three components in the complete system, a PDA, a desktop that acts as a proxy and Virtual Environment Software Sandbox (VESS), software developed at the Institute for Simulation and Training (IST). The purpose of the architecture is to enable issuing text and voice commands from PDA to virtual entities in VESS through the proxy. The commands are a pre-defined set of simple words such as 'move forward', 'turn right', 'go', and 'stop'. These commands are matched at the proxy and sent to VESS as text in XML format. The response from VESS is received at the proxy and forwarded back to the PDA. Performance measures with respect to response time characteristics of text messages between PDA and proxy over Wi-Fi networks are conducted. The results are discussed with respect to the acceptable delays for human perception in order to have real-time interaction between a PDA and an avatar in virtual world.

Devido à sua constante evolução, associada ao surgimento contínuo de novas tecnologias, a computação tem se tornado cada vez mais presente no cotidiano das pessoas, sendo utilizada não só no meio acadêmico e corporativo, mas também no entretenimento e no auxílio às atividades pessoais, entre outros. Nesse contexto, vem ocorrendo um grande avanço em termos de redução de custo e de aumento da variedade de dispositivos do tipo Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs). Esse avanço aumenta a demanda por aplicações que explorem esses equipamentos, mas são poucas as ferramentas que auxiliam no desenvolvimento dessas aplicações. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi investigar o desenvolvimento de aplicações para dispositivos móveis, especificamente para PDAs, com independência de plataforma. A abordagem adotada foi a extensão da ferramenta MCards, um construtor de aplicações para PDAs, com o propósito de permitir a geração de aplicações para dispositivos móveis com a utilização da tecnologia J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition). Para tanto, foi necessário, inicialmente, um entendimento do protótipo disponível da ferramenta MCards realizado através da aplicação de um processo de Engenharia Reversa na ferramenta MCards, baseando-se no modelo FUSION-RE/I. Foram executadas, também, manutenções na ferramenta com a finalidade de corrigir imperfeições e problemas de execução e de melhorar suas funcionalidades. Após o processo de Engenharia Reversa e manutenção da ferramenta, foi implementado e incorporado à ferramenta MCards o módulo de geração de aplicações J2ME. O módulo de geração de aplicações J2ME transforma a especificação abstrata, gerada pela manipulação do usuário no editor visual da ferramenta MCards, em código para a tecnologia J2ME com a utilização do perfil CDC / Personal Profile, compilando o código gerado para dar origem aos arquivos da aplicação J2ME que serão utilizados para instalação no dispositivo móvel. / Mobile devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) have grown up and number and models, while their cost has been continuously decreasing. Although this scenario indicates that there is a demand for tools that support the development of applications for mobile devices, the literature does not report platform-independent tools. The aim of this research was to investigate the development of applications for mobile devices in a platform-independent way. We have elected to extend an existing prototype tool that supported the development of Palm OS applications, MCards, so that it supported the development of applications using J2ME (Java 2 Micro Edition). We first carried out a reverse engineering process, using FUSION-RE/I, which lead to the understanding of the prototype along with the production of a new, more stable and documented version. We then investigated the process of application generation for the J2ME platform and proposed an extension to MCards that supported both Palm OS and J2ME. In the extended version, the J2ME module transforms an abstract specification, generated with the MCards visual editor, in J2ME code using the CDC/Personal profile. As a result, the extended MCards tool supports the development of applications for the two most common platforms for mobile devices, Palm Os, Pocket PC and Symbian OS.

Esponjas do gênero Aplysina (Ordem: VERONGIDA) são conhecidas por apresentarem em seu metabolismo secundário compostos derivados da dibromotirosina, os quais são um importante aliado para o processo de identificação dessas esponjas. Este trabalho descreve o estudo do perfil químico de 14 espécimens de esponjas do gênero Aplysina, coletadas na Bahia de Todos os Santos-BA, no ano de 2007. Também foi desenvolvida uma metodologia de desreplicação, utilizando-se da técnica hifenada HPLC-PDA-MS(ESI), busca na literatura (MarinLit) e comparação com padrões. Os resultados obtidos demonstram claramente que essas esponjas apresentam os derivados da dibromotirosina e que a metodologia de desreplicação permitiu confirmar e/ou prever possíveis estruturas desses compostos com eficiência e sem a necessidade do seu isolamento. Entretanto, não foi possível distinguir as espécies dos organismos estudados através do seu perfil químico, uma vez que eles apresentaram praticamente os mesmos metabólitos em todas as frações analisadas. Isto demonstra que a classificação taxonômica em nível de espécie requer, necessariamente, a análise do esqueleto (espículas) das esponjas e possivelmente análises genômicas. A análise das frações aquosas permitiu apenas confirmar a presença desses derivados através da análise das absorções típicas no espectro de UV. Também, este é o primeiro trabalho sobre o estudo do perfil químico dessas esponjas com a utilização de um sistema de desreplicação que inclui a técnica hifenada HPLC-PDA-MS(ESI). / Sponges of the genus Aplysina (Order: VERONGIDA) are commonly recognized by the presence of dibromotyrisine derivates at their secondary metabolites, compounds which are an important tool for their taxonomic identification. The present study describes the chemical profile of 14 sponges of Aplysina sp., collected in Bahia de Todos os Santos-BA. We developed a dereplication methodology using the hyphenated technique HPLC-PDA-MS(ESI), a database research (MarinLit) and comparison with chemical standards. The results showed that the 14 sponges analysed present dibromotyrisine derivates and that the dereplication methodology enabled the prediction and/or confirmation of such structures without their previous isolation. However, the taxonomic identification of the 14 individual sponges at the species level was impossible due to the fact that chemical profile was of the sponges too similar. This result demonstrates that the taxonomic identification Aplysina sponges at the species level also requires the skeleton analysis and possibly genomic studies. Analyses of aqueous fraction confirmed the presence of dibromotyrisine derivates. Furthermore, this is the first study of the chemical profile of Aplysina sponges that utilizes a dereplication methodology which includes the hyphenated technique HPLC-PDA-MS(ESI).

Esponjas do gênero Dysidea (Ordem: Dictyoceratida) caracterizam-se por apresentarem grande diversidade de metabólitos secundários, muitos dos quais apresentam potentes atividades biológicas. Este trabalho descreve o estudo de duas amostras de esponjas da espécie Dysidea robusta, DR1 e DR2, coletadas no litoral da Bahia em 1999. Tal estudo consistiu no fracionamento das amostras, nas análises de seus extratos brutos por LC-MS e técnicas de RMN- mono e bidimensionais. Dentre os extratos de DR1, a fração DR1-EP-5A obtida do extrato éter de petróleo apresentou uma mistura de três ceramidas saturadas (22, 23 e 24). Já da amostra DR2, as frações do extrato aquoso DR2-AQ-6B e DR2-AQ-6D mostraram ser constituídas por derivados do ácido pirodisinóico (18, 19, 20 e 21). Com exceção do ácido pirodisinóico (18), os demais compostos isolados ainda não foram relatados na literatura. / Sponges of the genus Dysidea (Order: Dyctioceratida) are characterized as sources of several biologically active secondary metabolites. This work describes the study of two samples of D.robusta, DR1 and DR2, both collected at the Bahia state coastline, in 1999. The investigation aimed the crude extract fractionation and analysis by LC-MS and by 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Among the extracts DR1, the fraction DR1-EP-5A obtained from the petroleum ether extract showed a mixture of three saturated ceramides, represented by 22, 23 and 24. From the DR2 sample, the fractions obtained from the aqueous extract DR2-AQ-6B and -6D presented pirodisinoic acid derivates 18, 19, 20 and 21. Except for pyrodisinoic acid (18), all other isolated compounds haven´t been reported in the literature yet.

Este trabalho apresenta um estudo teórico e experimental de estacas de madeira, incluindo a instrumentação das fundações em estacas de madeira de uma ponte de madeira, com o objetivo de gerar recomendações para o projeto deste tipo de fundações para pontes de madeira de pequeno vão. O trabalho experimental foi feito em duas etapas. Na primeira etapa foram estudadas as propriedades mecânicas de estacas de madeira a partir de ensaios de flexão e compressão em peças roliças em tamanho estrutural e a partir de ensaios de flexão e compressão em corpos-de-prova de pequenas dimensões e isentos de defeitos (CPs). Na segunda etapa foram determinadas as propriedades do solo, por meio de sondagens, e das estacas cravadas por meio de ensaios de compressão paralela em CPs. Nessa etapa, de forma pioneira no Brasil, foi feita uma análise do comportamento de estacas de madeira imersas no solo, por meio de ensaio de carregamento dinâmico (PDA - Pile Driving Analyser). Os resultados mostram que estacas de madeira são excelentes elementos estruturais para uso em fundações / This work presents a theoretical and experimental study of timber piles, including the instrumentation of the timber piles of a wooden bridge foundation, in order to generate recommendations for the project of this type of foundations for small wooden bridges. The experimental work was made in two stages. In the first stage the mechanical properties of timber pile had been determined using bending and compression tests of structural size specimens and of small clear wood specimens. In the second stage the properties of the ground had been determined, by means of subsoil exploration, and of the timber piles by means parallel compression tests in small clear wood specimens. In this stage, first time in Brazil, an analysis of the behavior of timber piles in the ground was made, by means of Pile Diver Analyser (PDA). The results show that timber piles are excellent structural elements for use in foundations