Uma série de pesquisas faz referência ao estudo do desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos necessários ao professor, englobando o conhecimento sobre o conteúdo, o conhecimento sobre a prática e o conhecimento sobre as diversas teorias de ensino e como fazer a relação teoria/prática. Com similar relevância, a discussão entre formação inicial e continuada vem sendo abordada no sentido de propor currículos de formação que possam contribuir cada vez mais para a formação de profissionais reflexivos. O conceito de Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo (PCK), inicialmente proposto por Shulman, está relacionado a um conjunto de saberes que vão além do conhecimento técnico do conteúdo, incluindo as formas de representações sobre o conteúdo e sua seleção, as exemplificações e analogias, as metodologias didáticas que podem ou não favorecer o aprendizado significativo deste ou daquele conteúdo. Esse conceito tem sido ampliado, desde o entendimento de Van Driel como conhecimento referido a um tópico particular do ensino juntamente com o conhecimento da experiência de como ensinar este tópico até o de Kind em que aponta o PCK como o conhecimento que os professores utilizam durante o processo de ensino. Neste trabalho investigamos o desenvolvimento do PCK de professores formados no curso de licenciatura em Química do Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo e que hoje atuam como professores de química no ensino médio e superior. Nossos dados envolvem as atividades escritas, as gravações das aulas ministradas e as reflexões de três licenciandos que cursaram a disciplina Instrumentação para o Ensino da Química I, além de entrevistas e gravações em áudio de aulas de Química desses professores em seus contextos reais de sala de aula após um período que variou de três a cinco anos depois de formados. Utilizamos os instrumentos CoRe (Representação de Conteúdo) e PaP-eRs (Repertórios de experiência Profissional e Pedagógica) para documentar a prática desses professores e assim, reconhecer seu PCK. Para as análises utilizamos o Modelo de Raciocínio Pedagógico e Ação de Shulman e os tipos de conhecimento do modelo de Morine-Dershimer e Kent. Utilizamos também a ferramenta de análise de discurso proposta por Mortimer e Scott para identificar padrões de interação. Nesses professores, o desenvolvimento do PCK foi promovido durante a formação inicial através de experiência de planejamento e intervenção em sala de aula e atividades que buscaram estimular a reflexão sobre a ação. Os dados após três anos de experiência profissional revelam um incremento no PCK desses professores resultante da experiência em sala de aula e do processo reflexivo. A partir das análises realizadas, algumas implicações são fornecidas para a formação de professores de química. Apontamos para a necessidade de cuidar desse momento especial na trajetória dos professores - os anos iniciais de experiência profissional. Salientamos a necessidade de atuar nesse início de carreira, com grupos colaborativos, com intuito de contribuir mais diretamente para o desenvolvimento do PCK. / The literature refers to the study of the development of teacher knowledge, encompassing content knowledge, practical knowledge and the knowledge about different teaching-learning theories and how to deal with the theory/practice relationship. With similar relevance, the discussion about pre-service and in-service teacher education has been approached in order to propose teacher education curricula that can increasingly contribute to the reflective practitioners. The Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), initially proposed by Shulman, is related to a set of knowledge that go beyond the content knowledge and include the content representation and their selection, the examples and analogies, the methodologies that may or not facilitate the meaningful learning of this or that content. This concept has been amplified, since then. Van Driel understands PCK as the knowledge related to a particular subject matter as well as the knowledge from practice in how to teach this topic. Moreover Kind´s conception points out the PCK as the knowledge teachers use during the teaching process. In this work we investigated the PCK development of trained teachers, graduated the course from Chemistry Institute of University of São Paulo and now work as teachers of chemistry both in high school or university. Our data involve written activities, the recordings of the classes and the reflections that three undergraduates taking the Methodology for Chemistry Teaching course (QFL 2505), as well as interviews and audio recordings of Chemistry lessons from these teachers in their real contexts of their classroom after a period of three to five years of graduation. We used the instruments CoRe (Content Representation) and PaP-eRs (Pedagogical and Professional experience Relatories) to document the pedagogical practice and then, recognize the teacher\'s PCK. We relate some aspects in the teacher discourse to the Model of Pedagogical Reasoning and Action from Shulman and to the teacher knowledge components from Morine-Dershimer and Kent. We also used the discourse analysis tool from Mortimer and Scott to identify teaching approaches and interaction patterns. In the investigated teachers, the development of PCK was promoted during pre-service teacher education through the experience of planning and intervention on classroom and reflection-on-action activities. Data after three years of professional experience reveal an improvement on this teacher PCK resulting from the classroom experience and the reflective process. From the analysis, some implications are pointed out for chemistry teacher education. We emphasize the special moment during teacher\'s professional development - the initial years of professional experience. We point out the importance of work with collaborative groups during the initial phase of teaching in order to contribute more directly to the development of teachers PCK.

O conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo (PCK, do inglês Pedagogical Content Knowledge) é o conhecimento usado pelos professores no processo de ensino (Kind, 2009). Trata-se de um conhecimento tácito que inclui as analogias, ideias e ilustrações que o professor utiliza para que um conteúdo específico seja compreensível ao aluno. Consideramos que este conhecimento também pode ser construído em professores em formação, durante o estágio supervisionado, pois é nessa etapa que a integração dos conhecimentos específicos e pedagógicos vai sendo construída com a prática em sala de aula. Neste trabalho investigamos sete licenciandos em química, que estavam divididos em dois grupos, e procuramos buscar as relações observáveis durante as atividades de estágio supervisionado com a formação do PCK. Nossos dados foram coletados a partir de quatro instrumentos - CoRe (Representação de Conteúdo), planos de aulas, registro audiovisual da regência dos licenciandos num contexto real de sala de aula e as reflexões dos mesmos registradas num diário de bordo. Para a análise dos dados utilizamos as categorias estabelecidas por Loughran et al. (2000) conectadas ao Modelo Integrativo de Gess-Newsome (1999). Também identificamos os estágios de desenvolvimento do professor em formação de Dreyfus (2004) a partir dos dados coletados com esses professores em formação. Os resultados mostram que esses licenciandos apresentaram falhas importantes no conhecimento de conteúdo o que se faz refletir nos demais conhecimentos necessários à prática profissional. As licenciandas do grupo 1 encontram-se no primeiro estágio (Iniciante), pois se mostraram racionais e inflexíveis nas ações em sala de aula. Os licenciandos do grupo 2 se encontram no segundo estágio (Iniciante avançado), pois desenvolveram estratégias que os ajudou a articularem o conteúdo ao tempo disponível. Nosso estudo apresenta assim algumas evidências a serem somadas a outras pesquisas de que a construção do PCK de professores iniciantes pode ser melhor explicada pelo Modelo Integrativo. No caso desse estudo, os licenciandos estão ainda em fase de amadurecer seu conhecimento de conteúdo, muito embora apresentem alguns flashes dos demais conhecimentos componentes do PCK. / The Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is the knowledge used by teachers during the teaching process (Kind, 2009). It is a tacit knowledge that includes analogies, illustrations and ideas that the teacher uses in order to make subject matter content understandable to the student. We believe that this knowledge can also be built during training program since at this stage the integration of specific content and pedagogical knowledge is being built with the practice in the classroom. In this paper we investigate seven pre-service chemistry teachers, which were divided into two groups, and seek for the observable relations of PCK developing during the activities of pre-service teachers training. Our data were collected from four different tools - CoRe (Content Representation), lesson plans, audiovisual record of chemistry classes and reflections. For data analysis we used categories developed by Loughran et al. (2000) connected to the Integrative Model of Gess-Newsome (1999). We also identified the developmental stages of teacher training by Dreyfus (2004) from data collected with these student teachers. The results show these pre-service chemistry teachers have meaningful failures in the content knowledge which can be reflected in the others knowledge domains. The pre-service teachers from group 1 were categorized as in the first stage (Beginners). They were rational and inflexible during activities in the classroom. The group 2 teachers were categorized in the second stage (Advanced beginners) since they develop strategies that help themselves to articulate content and schedule. Our research presents some evidences the beginners teachers develop their PCK based on Integrative Model. In this study the pre-service teachers are still developing their content knowledge, even though we could see some flashes from the others PCK components.

Students studying organic chemistry often have difficulty applying prior knowledge from general chemistry in their thinking about organic reaction mechanisms. In the United States, electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) mechanisms can be taught towards the end in a second-semester course of organic chemistry, providing students with almost two-semesters' worth of experience with organic chemistry reactions before solving problems on synthesis of substituted aromatic compounds.<div>Little research has been done on how, or if, instructors consider their students' prior knowledge or understanding of these concepts in EAS in their teaching activities. The purpose of this study was to describe how students reason through EAS synthesis problems and to identify concepts or gaps in understanding that inhibit students from successfully solving these types of problems. Participants were interviewed using a think-aloud protocol in which they were asked to describe the reactants and mechanisms necessary to synthesize di- and tri-substituted benzenes using EAS. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a qualitative inquiry approach and the data interpreted in terms of the ACS Examinations Institute's Anchoring Concepts Content Maps for general and organic chemistry.</div><div>The findings from this study indicated that while students correctly applied their knowledge of substituent effects to solve these types of problems, they relied on rote-memorization of these effects, resulting in inflexibility when applying them to novel situations. Additionally, students exhibited gaps in understanding of fundamental concepts in resonance theory and Lewis structures, differentiating and utilizing Friedel-Crafts reactions, and recognizing when to use oxidation/reduction reactions in their syntheses.</div><div>Another component of this study focused on instructors of organic chemistry from a range of institutions in the United States. The purpose of this study was to describe how organic chemistry instructors perceived their students' reasoning about these types of problems, and to describe the characteristics of each instructors' topic-specific pedagogical content knowledge (TS-PCK) and the three general knowledge domains (GKDs) instructors draw upon to inform their TS-PCK. These knowledge domains are knowledge of students, subject matter knowledge, and pedagogical knowledge. These participants were remotely-interviewed using a think-aloud protocol in which they were asked to describe their classroom practices and teaching strategies when teaching EAS, and to describe how they would synthesize the same aromatic compounds as their students (a selection of which were interviewed in the previous study). Participants were asked to consider how their students would approach the syntheses and to specify what parts of the syntheses their students would find challenging, and why. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a qualitative inquiry approach. </div><div>The findings from this study indicated that the instructors were aware of their students' tendencies to use rote-memorization without understanding in the course, but there was still a mis-alignment between how instructors' perceived their students' reasoning through EAS synthesis problems and the reasoning the students actually used. The instructors believed that their students would only rely on the directing effects of substituents in their reasoning, but the students demonstrated they were aware of the activating and deactivating effects too. Additionally, instructors believed their students would not be hindered by an understanding of resonance or Lewis structures in their syntheses.</div><div>Finally, there are some recommendations for addressing the students' propensity for rote-memorization by providing a visual way to represent directing and activating/deactivating effects of substituents using electrostatic potential maps. There are also suggestions for further building on this work. <br><div><br></div></div>

A pesquisa sobre formação de professores reconhece que existem conhecimentos fundamentais ao exercício da profissão. Neste trabalho adota-se a visão de que o Conhecimento Pedagógico de Conteúdo (PCK) é o elemento articulador da Base de Conhecimentos para o Ensino, o conhecimento central de um professor. No processo de formação inicial de professores de química, várias ações são conduzidas para o desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos necessários para a docência dos licenciandos, através das diferentes disciplinas e atividades, sendo ainda pouco pesquisada a influência da ação formativa dos formadores de professores na prática de ensino de química de seus licenciandos. Nesta investigação o foco é analisar a influência dos formadores de professores de um curso de Licenciatura em Química na prática de ensino dos licenciandos. O objetivo maior é apontar as relações entre a ação formativa dos formadores de professores e os conhecimentos mobilizados na prática de ensino por licenciandos em Química durante o curso de licenciatura. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo em que um estudo de caso múltiplo foi realizado com três licenciandos do curso de Licenciatura em Química de uma universidade pública do interior do estado do Paraná e seus professores formadores tendo por foco de ensino o conteúdo reações de oxirredução. Para tanto os dados coletados com os licenciandos foram baseados em questionários da literatura - Representação de Conteúdo (CoRe) - entrevistas, materiais utilizados nas aulas dos estágios curriculares sobre oxirredução, registros em diário de campo e relatórios de estágio. Os dados dos formadores foram baseados em entrevistas, CoRe, materiais didáticos dos professores e registros escritos das aulas. As entrevistas realizadas têm características do método biográfico bem como suas respectivas análises. O modo de compreensão empregado por Bourdieu para descrever as relações de poder e de reprodução de práticas dentro de um campo embasam as análises dos dados. A metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo foi utilizada com apoio do software ATLAS.ti na análise do conjunto de dados. Foi possível apontar indícios da influência dos formadores a partir da triangulação dos dados. Os resultados apontam para diferenças nas incorporações pelos licenciandos de elementos teóricos e aspectos da prática docente dos formadores, com características e conhecimentos distintos provenientes da prática dos professores das disciplinas das áreas de química e pedagógica. / Research on teacher education recognizes that there are basic knowledge to the profession. In this paper we adopt the view that the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is the articulating element of the Knowledge Base for Education, the core knowledge of a teacher. In the process of chemistry teachers education, several actions are conducted to develop the knowledge necessary for teaching of undergraduates, across different disciplines and activities, but still little studied the influence of the formative action of teacher educators in the chemistry teaching practice of its undergraduates. The research focus is to analyze the influence of chemistry teacher educators actions in the teaching practice of its undergraduates The ultimate goal is to point out the relationship between the formative action of teacher educators and the knowledge mobilized during teaching practice for chemistry student teachers. The research is qualitative in that a multiple case study was conducted with three chemistry student teachers from a public university in the state of Paraná and their trainers by having as teaching focus the content redox reactions. Therefore the data collected with the undergraduates were based on literature surveys - Content Representation (CoRe), interviews, materials used in classes of internships on redox, field diary records and internship reports. Data from teachers formers were based on interviews, CoRe, educational materials for teachers and written records of the classes. The interviews as well as their respective analyzes have characteristics of biographical method. The analyzes of the data were based on the Bourdieu\' understanding to describe the relationships of power and the breeding practices within a field . The methodology of content analysis was used with support of the ATLAS.ti software in the analysis of the data set. It was possible to identify evidence of the influence of trainers on students teachers from the triangulation of data. The results point to differences in the incorporations done by undergraduates of theoretical elements and aspects of teaching practice from trainers, with distinct characteristics and knowledge derived from the practice of teachers of subjects in the fields of chemistry and pedagogy.

Uma série de pesquisas faz referência ao estudo do desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos necessários ao professor, englobando o conhecimento sobre o conteúdo, o conhecimento sobre a prática e o conhecimento sobre as diversas teorias de ensino e como fazer a relação teoria/prática. Com similar relevância, a discussão entre formação inicial e continuada vem sendo abordada no sentido de propor currículos de formação que possam contribuir cada vez mais para a formação de profissionais reflexivos. O conceito de Conhecimento Pedagógico do Conteúdo (PCK), inicialmente proposto por Shulman, está relacionado a um conjunto de saberes que vão além do conhecimento técnico do conteúdo, incluindo as formas de representações sobre o conteúdo e sua seleção, as exemplificações e analogias, as metodologias didáticas que podem ou não favorecer o aprendizado significativo deste ou daquele conteúdo. Esse conceito tem sido ampliado, desde o entendimento de Van Driel como conhecimento referido a um tópico particular do ensino juntamente com o conhecimento da experiência de como ensinar este tópico até o de Kind em que aponta o PCK como o conhecimento que os professores utilizam durante o processo de ensino. Neste trabalho investigamos o desenvolvimento do PCK de professores formados no curso de licenciatura em Química do Instituto de Química da Universidade de São Paulo e que hoje atuam como professores de química no ensino médio e superior. Nossos dados envolvem as atividades escritas, as gravações das aulas ministradas e as reflexões de três licenciandos que cursaram a disciplina Instrumentação para o Ensino da Química I, além de entrevistas e gravações em áudio de aulas de Química desses professores em seus contextos reais de sala de aula após um período que variou de três a cinco anos depois de formados. Utilizamos os instrumentos CoRe (Representação de Conteúdo) e PaP-eRs (Repertórios de experiência Profissional e Pedagógica) para documentar a prática desses professores e assim, reconhecer seu PCK. Para as análises utilizamos o Modelo de Raciocínio Pedagógico e Ação de Shulman e os tipos de conhecimento do modelo de Morine-Dershimer e Kent. Utilizamos também a ferramenta de análise de discurso proposta por Mortimer e Scott para identificar padrões de interação. Nesses professores, o desenvolvimento do PCK foi promovido durante a formação inicial através de experiência de planejamento e intervenção em sala de aula e atividades que buscaram estimular a reflexão sobre a ação. Os dados após três anos de experiência profissional revelam um incremento no PCK desses professores resultante da experiência em sala de aula e do processo reflexivo. A partir das análises realizadas, algumas implicações são fornecidas para a formação de professores de química. Apontamos para a necessidade de cuidar desse momento especial na trajetória dos professores - os anos iniciais de experiência profissional. Salientamos a necessidade de atuar nesse início de carreira, com grupos colaborativos, com intuito de contribuir mais diretamente para o desenvolvimento do PCK. / The literature refers to the study of the development of teacher knowledge, encompassing content knowledge, practical knowledge and the knowledge about different teaching-learning theories and how to deal with the theory/practice relationship. With similar relevance, the discussion about pre-service and in-service teacher education has been approached in order to propose teacher education curricula that can increasingly contribute to the reflective practitioners. The Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK), initially proposed by Shulman, is related to a set of knowledge that go beyond the content knowledge and include the content representation and their selection, the examples and analogies, the methodologies that may or not facilitate the meaningful learning of this or that content. This concept has been amplified, since then. Van Driel understands PCK as the knowledge related to a particular subject matter as well as the knowledge from practice in how to teach this topic. Moreover Kind´s conception points out the PCK as the knowledge teachers use during the teaching process. In this work we investigated the PCK development of trained teachers, graduated the course from Chemistry Institute of University of São Paulo and now work as teachers of chemistry both in high school or university. Our data involve written activities, the recordings of the classes and the reflections that three undergraduates taking the Methodology for Chemistry Teaching course (QFL 2505), as well as interviews and audio recordings of Chemistry lessons from these teachers in their real contexts of their classroom after a period of three to five years of graduation. We used the instruments CoRe (Content Representation) and PaP-eRs (Pedagogical and Professional experience Relatories) to document the pedagogical practice and then, recognize the teacher\'s PCK. We relate some aspects in the teacher discourse to the Model of Pedagogical Reasoning and Action from Shulman and to the teacher knowledge components from Morine-Dershimer and Kent. We also used the discourse analysis tool from Mortimer and Scott to identify teaching approaches and interaction patterns. In the investigated teachers, the development of PCK was promoted during pre-service teacher education through the experience of planning and intervention on classroom and reflection-on-action activities. Data after three years of professional experience reveal an improvement on this teacher PCK resulting from the classroom experience and the reflective process. From the analysis, some implications are pointed out for chemistry teacher education. We emphasize the special moment during teacher\'s professional development - the initial years of professional experience. We point out the importance of work with collaborative groups during the initial phase of teaching in order to contribute more directly to the development of teachers PCK.

O conhecimento pedagógico do conteúdo (PCK, do inglês Pedagogical Content Knowledge) é o conhecimento usado pelos professores no processo de ensino (Kind, 2009). Trata-se de um conhecimento tácito que inclui as analogias, ideias e ilustrações que o professor utiliza para que um conteúdo específico seja compreensível ao aluno. Consideramos que este conhecimento também pode ser construído em professores em formação, durante o estágio supervisionado, pois é nessa etapa que a integração dos conhecimentos específicos e pedagógicos vai sendo construída com a prática em sala de aula. Neste trabalho investigamos sete licenciandos em química, que estavam divididos em dois grupos, e procuramos buscar as relações observáveis durante as atividades de estágio supervisionado com a formação do PCK. Nossos dados foram coletados a partir de quatro instrumentos - CoRe (Representação de Conteúdo), planos de aulas, registro audiovisual da regência dos licenciandos num contexto real de sala de aula e as reflexões dos mesmos registradas num diário de bordo. Para a análise dos dados utilizamos as categorias estabelecidas por Loughran et al. (2000) conectadas ao Modelo Integrativo de Gess-Newsome (1999). Também identificamos os estágios de desenvolvimento do professor em formação de Dreyfus (2004) a partir dos dados coletados com esses professores em formação. Os resultados mostram que esses licenciandos apresentaram falhas importantes no conhecimento de conteúdo o que se faz refletir nos demais conhecimentos necessários à prática profissional. As licenciandas do grupo 1 encontram-se no primeiro estágio (Iniciante), pois se mostraram racionais e inflexíveis nas ações em sala de aula. Os licenciandos do grupo 2 se encontram no segundo estágio (Iniciante avançado), pois desenvolveram estratégias que os ajudou a articularem o conteúdo ao tempo disponível. Nosso estudo apresenta assim algumas evidências a serem somadas a outras pesquisas de que a construção do PCK de professores iniciantes pode ser melhor explicada pelo Modelo Integrativo. No caso desse estudo, os licenciandos estão ainda em fase de amadurecer seu conhecimento de conteúdo, muito embora apresentem alguns flashes dos demais conhecimentos componentes do PCK. / The Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is the knowledge used by teachers during the teaching process (Kind, 2009). It is a tacit knowledge that includes analogies, illustrations and ideas that the teacher uses in order to make subject matter content understandable to the student. We believe that this knowledge can also be built during training program since at this stage the integration of specific content and pedagogical knowledge is being built with the practice in the classroom. In this paper we investigate seven pre-service chemistry teachers, which were divided into two groups, and seek for the observable relations of PCK developing during the activities of pre-service teachers training. Our data were collected from four different tools - CoRe (Content Representation), lesson plans, audiovisual record of chemistry classes and reflections. For data analysis we used categories developed by Loughran et al. (2000) connected to the Integrative Model of Gess-Newsome (1999). We also identified the developmental stages of teacher training by Dreyfus (2004) from data collected with these student teachers. The results show these pre-service chemistry teachers have meaningful failures in the content knowledge which can be reflected in the others knowledge domains. The pre-service teachers from group 1 were categorized as in the first stage (Beginners). They were rational and inflexible during activities in the classroom. The group 2 teachers were categorized in the second stage (Advanced beginners) since they develop strategies that help themselves to articulate content and schedule. Our research presents some evidences the beginners teachers develop their PCK based on Integrative Model. In this study the pre-service teachers are still developing their content knowledge, even though we could see some flashes from the others PCK components.

A pesquisa sobre formação de professores reconhece que existem conhecimentos fundamentais ao exercício da profissão. Neste trabalho adota-se a visão de que o Conhecimento Pedagógico de Conteúdo (PCK) é o elemento articulador da Base de Conhecimentos para o Ensino, o conhecimento central de um professor. No processo de formação inicial de professores de química, várias ações são conduzidas para o desenvolvimento dos conhecimentos necessários para a docência dos licenciandos, através das diferentes disciplinas e atividades, sendo ainda pouco pesquisada a influência da ação formativa dos formadores de professores na prática de ensino de química de seus licenciandos. Nesta investigação o foco é analisar a influência dos formadores de professores de um curso de Licenciatura em Química na prática de ensino dos licenciandos. O objetivo maior é apontar as relações entre a ação formativa dos formadores de professores e os conhecimentos mobilizados na prática de ensino por licenciandos em Química durante o curso de licenciatura. A pesquisa tem caráter qualitativo em que um estudo de caso múltiplo foi realizado com três licenciandos do curso de Licenciatura em Química de uma universidade pública do interior do estado do Paraná e seus professores formadores tendo por foco de ensino o conteúdo reações de oxirredução. Para tanto os dados coletados com os licenciandos foram baseados em questionários da literatura - Representação de Conteúdo (CoRe) - entrevistas, materiais utilizados nas aulas dos estágios curriculares sobre oxirredução, registros em diário de campo e relatórios de estágio. Os dados dos formadores foram baseados em entrevistas, CoRe, materiais didáticos dos professores e registros escritos das aulas. As entrevistas realizadas têm características do método biográfico bem como suas respectivas análises. O modo de compreensão empregado por Bourdieu para descrever as relações de poder e de reprodução de práticas dentro de um campo embasam as análises dos dados. A metodologia da Análise de Conteúdo foi utilizada com apoio do software ATLAS.ti na análise do conjunto de dados. Foi possível apontar indícios da influência dos formadores a partir da triangulação dos dados. Os resultados apontam para diferenças nas incorporações pelos licenciandos de elementos teóricos e aspectos da prática docente dos formadores, com características e conhecimentos distintos provenientes da prática dos professores das disciplinas das áreas de química e pedagógica. / Research on teacher education recognizes that there are basic knowledge to the profession. In this paper we adopt the view that the Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) is the articulating element of the Knowledge Base for Education, the core knowledge of a teacher. In the process of chemistry teachers education, several actions are conducted to develop the knowledge necessary for teaching of undergraduates, across different disciplines and activities, but still little studied the influence of the formative action of teacher educators in the chemistry teaching practice of its undergraduates. The research focus is to analyze the influence of chemistry teacher educators actions in the teaching practice of its undergraduates The ultimate goal is to point out the relationship between the formative action of teacher educators and the knowledge mobilized during teaching practice for chemistry student teachers. The research is qualitative in that a multiple case study was conducted with three chemistry student teachers from a public university in the state of Paraná and their trainers by having as teaching focus the content redox reactions. Therefore the data collected with the undergraduates were based on literature surveys - Content Representation (CoRe), interviews, materials used in classes of internships on redox, field diary records and internship reports. Data from teachers formers were based on interviews, CoRe, educational materials for teachers and written records of the classes. The interviews as well as their respective analyzes have characteristics of biographical method. The analyzes of the data were based on the Bourdieu\' understanding to describe the relationships of power and the breeding practices within a field . The methodology of content analysis was used with support of the ATLAS.ti software in the analysis of the data set. It was possible to identify evidence of the influence of trainers on students teachers from the triangulation of data. The results point to differences in the incorporations done by undergraduates of theoretical elements and aspects of teaching practice from trainers, with distinct characteristics and knowledge derived from the practice of teachers of subjects in the fields of chemistry and pedagogy.

This study aimed to realize the relationship between the teacher educators¡¦ educational technology role modeling impact and the development of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPCK) of preschool teachers in Taiwan. Quantitative Data was collected from a sample of 335 in-service preschool teachers who teach in either public schools or private schools in southern Taiwan. Follow-up interviews were also conducted with five survey respondents. The instrument was translated and adapted from Schmidt et al. (2009) TPCK survey instrument. The five modeling technology uses by teacher educators were identified from the related literature. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and MANOVA. In addition, a multiple regression was conducted with the preschool teachers¡¦ self-assessed TPCK as the dependent variable, and the five modeling technology uses by the teacher educators the potential predictors. Findings from the study summarized as follows: (a)The development of preschool teachers¡¦ pedagogical knowledge(PK), content knowledge(CK) and pedagogical content knowledge(PCK) are the best among the seven knowledge sub domains in TPCK.(b)The number of years of teaching experience is significantly positively correlated with preschool teachers¡¦ pedagogical knowledge (PK), content knowledge ( CK)and pedagogical content knowledge(PCK). Besides, preschool teachers with over ten years of teaching experience have better self-assessed pedagogical knowledge(PK), content knowledge(CK)and pedagogical content knowledge(PCK) are better than those teachers with less than ten years of teaching experience.(c)A significant positive correlation was found between pedagogical knowledge(PK),and pedagogical content knowledge(PCK) and age; however, a significant negative correlation existed with technology knowledge(TK) and age. Older preschool teachers¡¦ self-assessed pedagogical knowledge(PK) is better than younger teachers while the young preschool teachers have a better self-assessed technology knowledge(TK).(d)The frequency of using information technology is significantly positively correlated with pedagogical knowledge(PK), technology knowledge(TK), content knowledge(CK), technological content knowledge(TCK) and technological pedagogical knowledge(TPK).Preschool teachers with a frequency of using information technology above 20 hours a week have better self-assessed technology knowledge(TK) and technological content knowledge(TCK) than those with a frequency under 5 hours a week.(e)There are no significant differences between responding preschool teachers¡¦ different college teacher education program types and the development of their self-assessed TPCK. (f) A significant positive correlation was found between teacher educators¡¦ educational technology role modeling and the respondents¡¦ self-assessed TPCK. (g) Digital teaching strategy is the most significant predictor to development of core element- technological pedagogical content knowledge(TPCK). Recommendations were also provided based on the findings from this study. It¡¦s recommended that the teacher education programs should incorporate technology components in their teacher preparation programs for preschool teachers and integrate technology across the curriculum instead of a stand-alone technology course. Besides, the design of mentoring program into the professional development should be incorporated to include both the older and younger generations for reciprocal mentoring to promote preschool teachers¡¦ development of technological pedagogical content knowledge.

In the Teaching Principle (National Council of Teachers of Mathematics [NCTM], 2000), it explained that development and utilization of pedagogical content knowledge required teachers to continually increase their knowledges of mathematics content and pedagogy. This study researched the amalgamation of multi-faceted factors and inter-relatedness of pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), content knowledge for teaching mathematics (CKTM), and mentoring support perceptions throughout elementary and middle level student teachers’ and interns’ initial full-time teaching experiences. In the first article 13 elementary and seven middle grade student teachers’ are examined based on differences between pedagogical content knowledge and content knowledge for teaching mathematics. Standardized difference scores were calculated and compared using multivariate contrasts on certification level. Results showed statistically significant differences (p < .01) on all three CKTM domains but no statistically significant differences were found on any of the five Classroom Observation and Assessment for Teachers (COPAT) domains. Both groups had the highest mean difference in the CKTM number/concept domain. COPAT results showed middle grade level pre-service teachers primarily had all positive mean differences, in comparison to the elementary level pre-service teachers, which had all negative mean differences. In the second article the mathematics mentoring support perceptions of 11 first year teachers who participated in a year-long urban internship program were examined. Semi-structured interviews revealed that district and grade level campus mentors provided the most mathematics instruction and pedagogically-based support to both groups of interns. Middle school level interns relied more on their team of mathematics teachers and elementary level interns received more mathematical content support from their district mentor than did middle level interns. Pedagogical support was greatest in the areas of lesson design and implementation of classroom management strategies. In the third article 14 elementary and six middle level student teachers were observed and interviewed on general and content-specific pedagogical skills and perceptions. Results indicated both groups of student teachers perceived themselves as most competent in having lesson plans ready, routines evident, and utilizing studentcentered instruction. Conversely, both groups felt least competent in getting students on task quickly, using a variety of teaching strategies, using critical thinking skills, and handling inappropriate behavior effectively.

Title from title page of PDF (University of Missouri--St. Louis, viewed March 2, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 341-357).