Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 sueida soares peralta.pdf: 2092787 bytes, checksum: 60302b98394d33f81a6be138d97616bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-11-08 / The present work aims to identify the representations that a geography teacher constructs about herself and to verify how the change on the practice of reading unchains a change in these representations. It seeks to discuss the representations of this teacher during a teacher's education work and the use of new didactic resources - the verbal protocol in group or thinking aloud (Zanotto, 1997; 2005) and revoicing (O'Connor & Michaels, 1996) in reading classes of a São Paulo State school. Theoretically, the research is based in the social-historical perspective (Vygotsky, 1934/2000). It also adopts the conception of reading as a social process as proposed by Bloome (1993) and the concept of representation according to Spink (2003, 1993/2004), Freire & Lessa (2003) and Magalhães (2004), as well as the notion of negative mental representation (Sato 1993/2004). It is an ethnographic research of a collaborative kind, defined as one that makes possible the negotiation among the teacher participating of the research, the pupils and the researcher/teacher trainer in a reciprocal process of learning. Data were collected in 2005 and are relative to the demand of the teacher herself - her difficulties in geography-specific text reading practice - from the perspective of her representations. Data analysis was carried through according to Bronckart's proposals (1999) on thematic contents, linked to representations. Results show that the problematization of the teacher's representations during the work contributed to revert her traditional practice of reading and evaluation, with less control of turns in the interaction and a more effective participation of the pupils in the lessons of Geography, unchaining a process of change of the teachers' representations regarding herself as a professional. Moreover, the work resulted in an innovation: the use of the verbal protocol in group - that is a research resource - as an instrument of evaluation / Este trabalho tem por objetivos identificar as representações que uma professora de Geografia constrói sobre si mesma, sobre leitura e avaliação e verificar como a mudança da prática de leitura em sala de aula desencadeou uma mudança dessas representações. Busca discutir as representações da professora que emergem durante o processo de formação docente e a aplicação de novas ferramentas pedagógicas - o protocolo verbal em grupo (Zanotto, 1997, 2005) e o revoicing (O´Connor & Michaels, 1996)- em aulas de leitura, de uma escola estadual da Grande SP. Teoricamente, a pesquisa está embasada na perspectiva sóciohistórica (Vygotsky, 1934/2000). Parte ainda da concepção de leitura como processo social tal como proposta por Bloome (1993) e do conceito de representação, nos termos de Spink (2003,1993 2004), Freire e Lessa (2003) e Magalhães (2004), e a noção de representação mental negativa (Sato 1993 2004). Trata-se de uma pesquisa etnográfica de cunho colaborativo, definida como a que possibilita a negociação entre a professora participante da pesquisa, os alunos e a pesquisadora/formadora, num processo recíproco de aprendizagem. Os dados foram coletados em 2005 e são relativos à demanda da professora - sua dificuldade na prática de leitura de textos específicos de Geografia. A análise dos dados foi realizada segundo a proposta de Bronckart (1999) sobre os conteúdos temáticos, ligados às representações. Os resultados apontam que a problematização das representações da professora durante o trabalho contribuiu para a reversão de sua prática tradicional de leitura e avaliação, com menos domínio dos turnos na interação e a participação mais efetiva dos alunos nas aulas de Geografia, desencadeando um processo de mudança das representações da professora com relação a si mesma como profissional. Além disso, o trabalho resultou numa inovação: o uso do protocolo verbal em grupo que é um instrumento de pesquisa - também como instrumento de avaliação

Sammanfattning Syfte och frågeställningar: Syftet var att undersöka energiutgifterna vid användandet av en dansmatta respektive ett traditionellt danspass. Våra frågeställningar var: Hur skiljer sig energiutgiften för ett traditionellt danspass mot ett pass med dansmatta? Samt: hur förhåller sig energiutgiften i de olika aktiviteterna till de dagliga rekommendationer för fysisk aktivitet? Metod: Försöksgruppen som genomförde studien bestod av fyra män och fyra kvinnor i åldrarna 23-26 år. Försökspersonerna har sedan tidigare blandad vana av fysisk aktivitet. Metoden utarbetades utifrån sambandet mellan hjärtfrekvens (HF) och arbetsbelastning (w). Försökspersonerna fick genomgå tre olika typer av tester. I det första testet fick de på ergonometercykel cykla på olika belastningar och utifrån deras HF vid olika arbetsbelastningar bestämdes ett linjärt samband. Det andra testet bestod av ett danspass på dansmatta till given musik. Under detta pass registrerades deras genomsnittliga HF. I det tredje testet fick försökspersonerna dansa utifrån en förutbestämd koreografi under samma musik som vid dansmattan. Även här registrerades genomsnittlig HF. Värdena från de två sista testerna användes i det linjära sambandet och gav sedan värden för genomsnittlig arbetsbelastning under aktiviteterna. Från arbetsbelastningen kunde sedan syreupptag (l/min), och energiutgift (kcal) räknas ut.  Resultat: Resultaten för studien visade att danspasset (7,4kcal/min) hade en 40 % högre energiutgift än ett pass med dansmatta(4,6kcal/min). Danspasset nådde således upp till, och översteg de dagliga rekommendationerna för fysisk aktivitet medan passet med dansmatta inte gjorde det. Slutsats: Dansmatta kan rent energimässigt fungera som substitut till ett danspass, men att valet av teknik är av avgörande betydelse för vilken energiutgift aktiviteterna har, trots det kan det fungera som pedagogiskt hjälpmedel. / Abstract Aim: The objective of the study was to investigate the energy expenditure with the use of dance mat respectively a traditional dance class. The questions at issue were: What differences, in energy expenditure, an ordinary dance class and a session with dance mat? And: how do the two activities, dance mat and dance class, stand to the recommendations for daily physical activity? Method: The test group that completed the study consisted of four men and four women in the ages 23-26 years old. The test subjects all have previous experience in mixed physical activity. The method was formed through the relation between heart rate (HR) and effect (w). The test group went through three different types of tests. In the first test a bicycle ergonometer were used and both HR and effect was recorded and formed into a linear equation. The second test was a session with dance mat to a given sample of music. During the test their average HR was recorded. In the third test the test group danced a premade choreography to the same sample of music and their average HR was recorded. The HR variables were set in the linear equation to establish their average effect during the two activities. Oxygen uptake (l/min) and energy expenditure (kcal) was calculated from these figures. Results: The results of this study shows that dance class (7.4kcal/min) have 40 % higher energy expenditure than the session with dance mat (4.6kcal/min). The dance class reaches and exceeds the recommended lower limit of physical activity, while the session with dance mat does not. Conclusions: It is possible to use dance mat as a replacement for a dance session, but the energy expenditure is depending on which technique you use in the different activities, despite that it could be used as a pedagogical instrument.