A building which grows from a proposed artistic epicentre of the University of Pretoria becomes a sanctuary for all those concerned with the disciplines of art and architecture. By occupying the vacant site at the historical southern entrance of the university, the proposed centre for visual arts becomes a vehicle which allows the main campus to spill over its boundaries and fuse itself onto the existing separated South Campus. It is the aim of this dissertation to explore the ability of spaces inside this building typology to assist in inspiring and educating each of its occupants. The journey through the building becomes the narrator of spatial experiences whilst creating opportunities for artistic expression by providing facilities for the exhibition of art. By inspiring young minds with a symphony of experiences these spaces create the foundation for developing great artists. / Dissertation (MArch(Prof))--University of Pretoria, 2009. / Architecture / unrestricted

En el presente trabajo de investigación, analizamos la calibración simultánea de vehículos y peatones que interactúan en determinados puntos de conflicto del sistema vial. Para esto, trabajamos en un caso de una avenida regional, donde hay una gran demanda del parque automotor tanto de vehículos ligeros, de transporte público y provincial, así como el de pesados, en la que los peatones prefieren el paso a nivel en relación a un puente peatonal existente en la zona. La información de campo requerida se recopiló para el análisis, como aforo de vehículos, cantidad de peatones que hacen uso o no del puente, tiempos de viaje y distancias. Posteriormente, la información se procesó en el software Vissim 9, en el que se modeló el estudio de caso y se realizó la respectiva calibración simultánea del modelo para su respectiva validación. Para esto, fue necesario iterar los parámetros como el Wiedemann 74 (vehículos), Tau y Lambda (peatones) hasta obtener la representación más cercana a los datos tomados en el campo. Finalmente, los resultados se presentan mediante la validación de la simulación en términos de número de simulaciones, número de carreras, tiempo de viaje y tasa de uso de la carretera, todo ello para que pueda servir de base a futuras simulaciones que reúnan las características de la zona en estudio. / In this research, we analyze the simultaneous calibration of vehicles and pedestrians that interact at certain points of conflict in the road system. For this, we work in a case of a regional avenue, where there is a great demand for the automotive fleet of both light vehicles, public and provincial transport, as well as heavy vehicles, in which pedestrians prefer the level crossing in relation to an existing pedestrian bridge in the area. The required field information was collected for the analysis, such as capacity of vehicles, number of pedestrians who use the bridge or not, travel times and distances. Subsequently, the information was processed in the Vissim 9 software, in which the case study was modeled and the respective simultaneous calibration of the model was performed for its respective validation. For this, it was necessary to iterate the parameters such as the Wiedemann 74 (vehicles), Tau and Lambda (pedestrians) until obtaining the closest representation to the data taken in the field. Finally, the results are presented through the validation of the simulation in terms of number of simulations, number of races, travel time and road use rate, all so that it can serve as a basis for future simulations that meet the characteristics of the area under study. / Trabajo de investigación

The aim of this thesis is to conduct static and dynamic computations for selected bridge in the Moravian region, specificaly in the surroundings of Olomouc. All calculations will be made by selected software and verified by manual reckon. The bridge is intended for pedestrian traffic and connects left and right side of the river underneath.

The main goal of this diploma thesis is a design and verification of a steel footbridge crossing the river Dřevnice in Zlín. As the basic material steel S355 and for selected members steel S235 was chosen. There are two structural variants designed in the introductory part of the thesis. These variants are then compared and in the next part only selected, more favourable variant, is addressed. The selected variant is a truss footbridge with a bridge deck at the bottom and curved top chords. The bridge deck consists of floor beams and steel plate with longitudinal stiffeners. The span of the structure is 35.0 m, the width of the footbridge is 3.9 m and its height in the middle of the span is 4.2 m.

The subject of this master’s thesis is the design of footbridge across the river. The main objective is to analyse the superstructure which is formed by a stress ribbon and arch. The arch consists of two separate plan curved concrete arches and is associated with stress ribbon in the top. The analysis of the structure has been performed using MIDAS CIVIL 2011 software. Simplified calculations by hand or by EXCEL have been also carried out. Design of the superstructure's elements, pre-stressed tendons and reinforcement has been done according to EUROCODE. In the analysis, time dependent effects have been also taken into account.

La presente tesis se tiene por objetivo la de realizar un análisis comparativo del comportamiento estructural de un puente peatonal de acero de estructura mixta, cuyos elementos estructurales están dimensionados de acuerdo a las indicaciones de la especificación técnica AASHTO LRFD. En este trabajo de investigación se usaron datos de una zona de proyecto para la realización del análisis comparativo. Esto con el fin de obtener perfiles resultados que se asemejen a la realidad en el contexto peruano. Esto debido a que la configuración misma del puente peatonal generaba fuerzas horizontales mayores en relación a las verticales haciendo necesaria la utilización de pilotes inclinados para aplacarlas. Otro punto fuerte de este trabajo es la utilización de secciones de acero tubulares que no es de uso frecuente en Perú ya que se prefiere el uso de secciones tipo W de acero. En sí, en Perú la gran mayoría de puentes peatonales son de concreto. Por otro lado, las verificaciones dictadas por normativas como la AASHTO LRFD, que se encuentra asimilada por el Manual de Puentes (2018) emitido por el Ministerio de Transporte y Comunicaciones, hace hincapié en el uso de una guía especializada para el caso de pasarelas peatonales. / The aim of the present thesis is to make a comparative analysis of the structural behavior of the pedestrian bridge of Steel, which elements follow AASHTO LRFD indications concerning their geometry. In this investigation, data from a site job were used in order to perform of a comparative analysis. All this due to the fact of obtaining results that could resemble Peruvian context. Moreover, because of the structural configuration of the pedestrian bridge, the horizontal forces ended up being greater that the vertical ones. Al these led to the decision of using piles to counter heavy horizontal forces. Concerning the superstructures, hollow steel section (HSS) were used for the analysis. In Perú most of pedestrian bridges are made with concrete and even if for some reason steel was determined as the main material for the structural, W sections a frequently use in comparison of HSS. Finally, once the analysis is performed then the verifications dictated by AASHTO LRFD (well assimilated now by Peruvian Bridge Manual), will allow us to validate our results. / Tesis

No description available.

The study on Human Structure Interaction (HSI) effects represent a new research field in the design of pedestrian bridges. The presence of pedestrians on the structure affects the dynamic properties of the bridge, and these changes may be quantified in order to design pedestrian bridges in a more efficient way. The Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF) curve shifts downward and towards the left when increasing number of pedestrians. The thesis, which is strictly connected to a journal paper to be submitted in 2021, includes a new formulation of the dynamic response through the DAF curves and an experimental campaign to verify the shift. A HSI model, based on Caprani continuous formulation, was created on MATLAB.To perform the experimental campaign, the Folke Bernadotte Bridge in Stockholm was chosen. The dynamic response due to a hammer test, was registered without pedestrians and with 35 pedestrians on the bridge. The dynamic properties of the bridge, such as natural frequencies, damping, mode-shapes, Frequency Response Function (FRF) are estimated in both cases. A Finite Element Model (FEM) is built on Abaqus, natural frequencies and mode-shapes are compared. Moreover, a running test is performed on the bridge and the single pedestrian loading is modelled as a moving harmonic. This test brings different values of stiffness and damping for the pedestrian to be compared to the values assumed in the HSI model for standing pedestrians.A quantification of the variation of the bridge properties due to Human structure interaction may lead to a new way to design pedestrian bridges considering pedestrians not only as loading sources of the structural system but also as dynamic vibration adsorbers (DVA).

<p dir="ltr">In recent years (circa 2024), the purpose of pedestrian bridges has extended beyond simply providing a safe route for pedestrians to cross an obstacle. Nowadays, pedestrian bridges are becoming works of art integrated into the design plan for the whole city. The pleasant appearance of these bridges, however, comes at the cost of requiring complex structural analysis and design, unique fabrication requirements, and construction challenges. Therefore, inspecting different types of pedestrian bridges efficiently and adequately is crucial to avoid unexpected failure during their service life. While National Bridge Inspection Standers (NBIS) regulations are only applicable to all publicly owned <i>highway</i> bridges with spans longer than twenty feet, there is no standard inspection criteria applicable across the board for any type of pedestrian bridge (FHWA 2022a). The current criteria, implemented ad-hoc by many owners, is to inspect pedestrian bridges using the traditional calendar-based inspection approach. This method is based on assigning an inspection interval not to exceed some time frame (typically 24-months) for all bridges with exceptions for some specific bridges receiving special inspections. Although this method may provide an adequate level of safety for some bridges, it doesn’t explicitly account for the current condition, variation in operational environment, and the design characteristics of the bridge. In addition, the current inspection practice of pedestrian bridges considers only inspecting bridge's <i>structural conditions</i> while some unique safety and serviceability criteria should be considered to attain an optimum level of safety and serviceability for pedestrians and cyclists on the bridge such as railing, lighting, walking surface, etc.</p><p dir="ltr">The main objective of this research is to develop an inspection criterion specifically applicable to pedestrian bridges to ensure the optimal allocation of inspection resources while maintaining an optimum safety and serviceability. In its final form, the Risk Based Inspection (RBI) methodology is applied in conjunction with reliability concepts and expert inputs from the Risk Assessment Panel (RAP) of the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to systematically evaluate the key components of the proposed approach. The proposed methodology is based on the Reliability Based Inspection procedures presented in NCHRP 782 report (Washer et al. 2014a). In this method, the inspection interval is determined based on the risk assessment, which is the product of a combination of occurrence and consequence factors. The occurrence factor is calculated based on design, loading (mechanical and environmental), and condition attributes for each type of damage. The consequence factor measures the outcomes of the occurrence of the damage under consideration. This factor is evaluated at two stages, an immediate consequence in which outcomes impact the safety of the service on and under the bridge, and a short-term consequence, in which effects influence the serviceability of the service under the bridge. Furthermore, a new factor is also introduced to the RBI approach. Specifically, what will be referred to as the inspection effectiveness factor which attempts to accounts for the reliability of the inspection technique to identify and quantify a specific defect for a given components of the bridge. The proposed approach is then applied and validated on a set of real in-service pedestrian bridges with varying materials and structural systems. The results demonstrate that the approach improves the safety and serviceability of pedestrian bridge inspections. Furthermore, it ensures a better allocation of the limited inspection resources and proves to be more cost-effective compared to current inspection practices.</p>

The aim of this thesis is the design and analysis of pedestrian bridge across the deep valley. There were designed three variants. The variant of structure, which combines stress ribbon with concrete arch, was chosen for the analysis. The optimal geometry was found using iteration methods with VBA Excel. The calculation model was made in software Ansys 19.0, considering phases of construction. The Ultimate limit state and the service limit state were evaluated as well as dynamic behavior of construction – modal analysis (eigenfrequencies and eigenshapes) and response to harmonic excitation. The design and assessment are according to the European standards.