Breeding of cattle is one of the most important industry of animal production in the Czech republic. These animals are used mainly for production of meat and milk. The aim of this diploma thesis was to gather basic datas about etological expressions of breeding dairy cows in the relationship to the used technologies of milking by using detectors of automatical scanning of movements and to formulate conclusions coming from these surveys. I monitored in three agricultural companies etological expressions of chosen dairy cows to the focus on their movement activities connected to the different technologies of milking. Etological monitoring helped to specify the scanning system of movements, which was installed in the companies. There were chosen total of 18 dairy cows of Holstein Friesian dairy cows, reproduction condition was various. The cows were in all phases of gravidity, some were just after birth. The observation was going on constantly for 24 hours, in various temperature conditions and different milking technique. The results were compared with literature and the aim was to find, by which system of milking are the animals happiest and how the welfare is accomplished.

The thesis is focused on the analysis of physical activity among secondary school students in the Czech Budejovice. The work is divided into a literature review and a practical part. A review of literature is divided into several chapters. First, I explain basic concepts, which include physical fitness, physical activity and inactivity. In the next section I describe the selected anthropometric parameters such as body fat and BMI. The next chapter deals with closer adolescence and physical activity associated with this developmental period. In the practical part of the research was investigated the influence of selected somatic characteristics on adolescent physical activity. Research was attended by 55 high school students who use the Internet portal INDARES record their physical activity. Through its two-week pedometer monitor physical activity. Norma 10,000 steps met the 75% of students BMI (Body Mass Index) had the standard 87% of students and 60% of students had normal body fat percentage. Intended hypotheses assumed that physical activity has a certain dependence on BMI and body fat were not confirmed.

This diploma thesis is focused on analyzing physical activity among the high school students in Czech Budweis. The Research was focused on monitoring of students using the pedometer for the period of one week in winter and one week in spring season. One of the goals of research was to determine the differences in terms of physical activity according to season of the year, during the school week and weekend. Other points of focus included the difference between physical activity of boys and girls and a day during which students are most active. 55 high school third year degree students took part in the research throughout the internet online system INDARES by filling in their physical activity. The results of measurement were statistically processed and evaluated by Center for Kinanthropology Research in Olomouc, and written down in charts and graphs. The measurement results pointed out the difference between physical activity during weekend within different seasons of the year, whereas school week for the whole 7 days of monitoring showed no significant differences. Furthermore, the results proved higher physical activity for boys during school week, and for girls during weekend. The day with the highest physical activity monitored was Tuesday within the first week of measurement in winter.

The thesis titled The Physical activity in vegetarian women consists of two parts. The first, theoretical part is devoted mainly vegetarianism as such. There clarify the concept of vegetarianism, its distribution and nutritional aspects of a vegetarian diet with regular physical activity. Further topics are about physical activity recommendations for adults in the Czech Republic and in the global context. There are also benefits of human walk. The second part of the thesis deals with research of the issue. There is solved the question of vegetarianism and its potential impact on increasing the level of physical activity among women. To find answers was elected the research group of thirty vegetarian women and a control group of thirty women eating in the usual way in a similar age variance. Comparison of these two specific groups of women took place within the gained data from an international survey of PA IPAQ-long and weekly monitoring using pedometers six months in repetition. Based on the results wasn´t recorded demonstrable evidence that vegetarianism affecting the increase in the physical activity compared with the population eating in the conventional way.

The diploma thesis focuses on moving activity among older pupils of basic school in České Budějovice. The research carries out physical exercises of girls and boys during both working days and weekends in connection with fitness competence. 41 pupils of the 8th class took part in the research. They filled in the internet questionnariesof online system INDARES. To measure week activities they used pedometers. The results of the measurement were statistically worked out by the Centre of kinantropological research in Olomouc and they were recorded in tables and charts. The outcome showed students' superiority during weekdays in comparison with weekends. Physical activity of boys and girls was not much different. Link between exercises and fitnesscompetence could not be proved.

The thesis is focused on analysis of physical activity of secondary students in Ceske Budejovice. The literature review describes the period of adolescence with its psychical and physical changes and deals with physical activity in this developmental stage. The research part is aimed at monitoring of physical activity of the students by pedimeter. Third-year students participated the research and monitored their physical activity through INDARES web portal. The results were processed statistically and presented in charts.

As mudanças observadas no perfil biofísico feminino ao longo dos anos, resultam em ganho ponderal progressivo, com modificações na composição corporal e distribuição do tecido adiposo. Sabe-se que mulheres com maior nível de atividade física possuem um menor percentual de gordura corporal e visceral, quando comparadas com sedentárias, logo, apresentam um perfil mais benéfico do ponto de vista cardiovascular. Todavia, a influência da terapia hormonal sobre estas variáveis, e consequentemente o desenvolvimento de risco cardiovascular, são discutidos. Assim, nosso objetivo foi determinar se existe associação entre o nível de atividade física e variáveis antropométricas e de composição corporal, em pacientes pós-menopáusicas antes e depois da terapia hormonal. Foram incluídas 34 mulheres pós-menopáusicas recentes, consultando por sintomas de deficiência estrogênica. As pacientes realizaram avaliação antropométrica: medidas da cintura, quadril, relação cintura quadril, índice de massa corporal e de composição corporal (dobras cutâneas, para avaliação do percentual de gordura corporal) antes e 4 meses após a terapia hormonal. O nível de atividade física foi quantificado através da contagem de passos com pedômetro, e também da aplicação de um questionário. As pacientes apresentaram idade média de 51 ±2,85 anos, tempo de menopausa de 23,1 ±10 meses, o índice de massa corporal =26,94 ±2,59, a circunferência da cintura 83,29 ±5,73 e a relação cintura quadril 0,79 ±0,05 Estas variáveis não diferiram antes e depois da terapia hormonal. Em contraste, observou-se redução no percentual de gordura corporal após 4 meses de terapia hormonal (26,81 ±2,61 - 25,81 ±2,44; p<0,001). Verificou-se uma correlação negativa e significativa da atividade física com o percentual de gordura corporal (r=-0,36, p=0,03), e com relação cintura quadril (r=-043, p=0,01). Quando as pacientes foram estratificadas em ativas ( 6.000 passos diários) e inativas (<6.000 passos diários), observou-se uma correlação negativa e significativa do número de passos com circunferência da cintura (r=-0,42, p=0,04) e relação cintura quadril (r=-0,58, p=0,03) somente nas pacientes ativas, o que não aconteceu nas pacientes inativas. Obtivemos uma redução do percentual de gordura corporal, sem modificações do índice de massa corporal ou da circunferência da cintura ao longo dos 4 meses de terapia hormonal nas pacientes estudadas. O número de passos apresentou correlação negativa com percentual de gordura e medidas de adiposidade central. Estas correlações foram evidentes especialmente nas pacientes consideradas ativas. Estes dados salientam a importância da prática de atividade física na manutenção de um perfil favorável cardiovascular em pacientes sob terapia hormonal para a menopausa. / The changes observed in the biophysical woman profile over the years result in gradual weight gain, with changes in body composition and fat’s distribution. It is known that women with higher levels of physical activity have a lower percentage of body and visceral fat, compared with sedentary ones, with a beneficial cardiovascular profile. However, the influence of hormonal therapy on these variables, and consequently on the development of cardiovascular risk, is discussed. Therefore the goal of the present study was to determine whether there is an association between the level of physical activity and body composition and anthropometric variables, in post-menopausal patients before and after hormonal therapy. Thirty-four recent post-menopausal women, consulting for symptoms of estrogen deficiency, were included in the study. Patients underwent anthropometric assessment: waist, hip, waist to hip ratio, body mass index and body composition (skinfolds, to evaluate the percentage of body fat) before and 4 months after hormonal therapy. The level of physical activity was quantified by both counting the steps with pedometer and the application of a questionnaire. Patients had a mean age of 51 ± 2,85 years, time of menopause, 23.1 ± 10 months, body mass index = 26.94 ± 2.59, waist 83.29 ±5.73, and waist to hip ratio 0.79 ± 0.05. These variables did not differ before and after hormonal therapy. In contrast, there was a reduction in the percentage of body fat after 4 months of hormonal therapy (26.81 ± 2.61 to 25.81 ± 2.44; p <0.001). There was a significant negative correlation of the physical activity with the percentage of body fat (r = - 0.36, p = 0.03), and waist to hip ratio (r = - 0.43, p = 0.01). When the patients were stratified into active ( 6.000 daily steps) and inactive (<6.000 daily steps), there was a significant negative correlation in the number of steps with waist (r = - 0.42, p = 0, .04) and waist to hip ratio (r = - 0.58, p = 0.03) only in active patients, which did not occurred in inactive patients. It was observed a reduction in the percentage of body fat, without modification in body mass index or waist circumference over the 4 months of hormonal therapy in the studied patients. There was also a negative correlation between the number of steps and the percentage of body fat and measurements of central adiposity. These correlations were evident especially in active patients. These data emphasize the relevance of the physical activity’s practice in preserving a favorable cardiovascular profile in patients using hormonal therapy for menopause.

The Diploma Thesis is focused on movement activity of students of Physical Training of Pedagogical Faculty of the University of South Bohemia. The research was conducted in the spring 2009 using the students of Physical Training aged 19 ? 26. Subsequently, the research was compared with the research conducted in the spring 2007 using the students of Physical Training. Data and information concerning the movement activity were obtained from two individual sources, the pedometer SW ? 700 and the latest version of NQLS questionnaire.

The main workload of the diploma thesis is to find the level of physical activity among adolescents between the ages of 16 and 18 years. Research is part of the nationwide detection of fitness and healthy lifestyle of youth. The theoretical part deals with the main characteristics of probands in the developmental stage of adolescence and the action of movement activity on their organism. The research section includes data, that was monitored using the Yamax Digiwalker SW-700 pedometer. A standardized IPEN questionnaire on the Indares.com website was also helped by the level of physical activity. The survey was started in December 2017 and the second part in March 2018. The research was attended by 37 students at the Medical School in Český Krumlov, of which 7 boys and 30 girls. The survey show, that boys are more active than girls. The average number of steps is 11,773 / day for boys and the highest measured value is 16,799 steps / day. A total of girls' steps are on average 10,781 steps. Both sexes meet the recommended daily number of steps. Nowadays, any physical activity has many beneficial effects on the body. Influence to technology and media, many students stay home after school and have not energy expenditure.

As mudanças observadas no perfil biofísico feminino ao longo dos anos, resultam em ganho ponderal progressivo, com modificações na composição corporal e distribuição do tecido adiposo. Sabe-se que mulheres com maior nível de atividade física possuem um menor percentual de gordura corporal e visceral, quando comparadas com sedentárias, logo, apresentam um perfil mais benéfico do ponto de vista cardiovascular. Todavia, a influência da terapia hormonal sobre estas variáveis, e consequentemente o desenvolvimento de risco cardiovascular, são discutidos. Assim, nosso objetivo foi determinar se existe associação entre o nível de atividade física e variáveis antropométricas e de composição corporal, em pacientes pós-menopáusicas antes e depois da terapia hormonal. Foram incluídas 34 mulheres pós-menopáusicas recentes, consultando por sintomas de deficiência estrogênica. As pacientes realizaram avaliação antropométrica: medidas da cintura, quadril, relação cintura quadril, índice de massa corporal e de composição corporal (dobras cutâneas, para avaliação do percentual de gordura corporal) antes e 4 meses após a terapia hormonal. O nível de atividade física foi quantificado através da contagem de passos com pedômetro, e também da aplicação de um questionário. As pacientes apresentaram idade média de 51 ±2,85 anos, tempo de menopausa de 23,1 ±10 meses, o índice de massa corporal =26,94 ±2,59, a circunferência da cintura 83,29 ±5,73 e a relação cintura quadril 0,79 ±0,05 Estas variáveis não diferiram antes e depois da terapia hormonal. Em contraste, observou-se redução no percentual de gordura corporal após 4 meses de terapia hormonal (26,81 ±2,61 - 25,81 ±2,44; p<0,001). Verificou-se uma correlação negativa e significativa da atividade física com o percentual de gordura corporal (r=-0,36, p=0,03), e com relação cintura quadril (r=-043, p=0,01). Quando as pacientes foram estratificadas em ativas ( 6.000 passos diários) e inativas (<6.000 passos diários), observou-se uma correlação negativa e significativa do número de passos com circunferência da cintura (r=-0,42, p=0,04) e relação cintura quadril (r=-0,58, p=0,03) somente nas pacientes ativas, o que não aconteceu nas pacientes inativas. Obtivemos uma redução do percentual de gordura corporal, sem modificações do índice de massa corporal ou da circunferência da cintura ao longo dos 4 meses de terapia hormonal nas pacientes estudadas. O número de passos apresentou correlação negativa com percentual de gordura e medidas de adiposidade central. Estas correlações foram evidentes especialmente nas pacientes consideradas ativas. Estes dados salientam a importância da prática de atividade física na manutenção de um perfil favorável cardiovascular em pacientes sob terapia hormonal para a menopausa. / The changes observed in the biophysical woman profile over the years result in gradual weight gain, with changes in body composition and fat’s distribution. It is known that women with higher levels of physical activity have a lower percentage of body and visceral fat, compared with sedentary ones, with a beneficial cardiovascular profile. However, the influence of hormonal therapy on these variables, and consequently on the development of cardiovascular risk, is discussed. Therefore the goal of the present study was to determine whether there is an association between the level of physical activity and body composition and anthropometric variables, in post-menopausal patients before and after hormonal therapy. Thirty-four recent post-menopausal women, consulting for symptoms of estrogen deficiency, were included in the study. Patients underwent anthropometric assessment: waist, hip, waist to hip ratio, body mass index and body composition (skinfolds, to evaluate the percentage of body fat) before and 4 months after hormonal therapy. The level of physical activity was quantified by both counting the steps with pedometer and the application of a questionnaire. Patients had a mean age of 51 ± 2,85 years, time of menopause, 23.1 ± 10 months, body mass index = 26.94 ± 2.59, waist 83.29 ±5.73, and waist to hip ratio 0.79 ± 0.05. These variables did not differ before and after hormonal therapy. In contrast, there was a reduction in the percentage of body fat after 4 months of hormonal therapy (26.81 ± 2.61 to 25.81 ± 2.44; p <0.001). There was a significant negative correlation of the physical activity with the percentage of body fat (r = - 0.36, p = 0.03), and waist to hip ratio (r = - 0.43, p = 0.01). When the patients were stratified into active ( 6.000 daily steps) and inactive (<6.000 daily steps), there was a significant negative correlation in the number of steps with waist (r = - 0.42, p = 0, .04) and waist to hip ratio (r = - 0.58, p = 0.03) only in active patients, which did not occurred in inactive patients. It was observed a reduction in the percentage of body fat, without modification in body mass index or waist circumference over the 4 months of hormonal therapy in the studied patients. There was also a negative correlation between the number of steps and the percentage of body fat and measurements of central adiposity. These correlations were evident especially in active patients. These data emphasize the relevance of the physical activity’s practice in preserving a favorable cardiovascular profile in patients using hormonal therapy for menopause.