Gegenstand der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Synthese und Charakterisierung neuer chromophorer Catecholderivate mit ausgeprägten push-pull-pi-Systemen. Die solvatochromen Eigenschaften dieser Verbindungen werden in Abhängigkeit der Wasserstoffbrückenbindungsdonor- und -akzeptorfähigkeit sowie Lösungsmitteldipolarität diskutiert. Mit entsprechenden methoxy- und dimethoxyfunktionalisierten Catecholderivaten ist es möglich, vergleichende Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen aufzustellen. Durch Untersuchungen zu den Wechselwirkungen der chromophoren Catechole mit Schwermetallionen kann gezeigt werden, dass die synthetisierten Verbindungen als Sensoren eingesetzt werden können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird des Weiteren die Adsorption der Catecholderivate an Metalloxide beschrieben. Mit Farbstoffen sensibilisierte Oberflächen stellen derzeit ein interessantes Forschunggebiet dar. Ferner wird über die Umsetzung der Catecholderivate mit Trialkoxysilanen zu zwitterionischen, spirozyklischen, pentakoordinierten lambda5Si-Silicaten sowie mit Tetraalkoxysilanen zu dianionischen, hexakoordinierten lambda6Si-Silicaten berichtet. Besonderes Augenmerk lag dabei auf UV/vis-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen.

L'objectif de cette thèse est de préparer des microsphères chargées en une protéine modèle, le lysozyme, en utilisant un nouveau copolymère pentabloc. La libération de protéine à partir des microsphères obtenues doit être continue et complète sur une période d’au moins un mois. Des copolymères pentabloc PLGA-P188-PLGA et une protéine modèle, le lysozyme, ont été utilisés. La présence du bloc central P188 la masse molaire du segment PLGA, le type de solvant, la concentration en polymère, la vitesse d’agitation de l’émulsion et la teneur en tensioactif ont tous un effet sur la porosité des microsphères. La teneur en tensioactif et la vitesse d'agitation ont principalement contribué au contrôle de la taille des particules. En ajustant les caractéristiques du segment PLGA et les paramètres du procédé, la libération de la protéine a été améliorée. Une libération prolongée et complète de protéines sur 8 semaines a été obtenue en suivant le modèle d’Higuchi. La modulation du profil de libération de la protéine a été obtenue par un mélange physique de différentes microsphères. Cette stratégie peut-être appliquée à une seule protéine ou dans le cadre d’une thérapie combinée. / The aim of this thesis is to formulate protein-loaded microspheres with penta-block copolymers for a sustained and completed protein release for at least one month. A new PLGA-P188-PLGA penta-block copolymers were used. The presence of a P188 central block facilitated the control of particle morphology and size. LA/GA ratio, the molecular weight of PLGA segment, solvent type, polymer concentration, emulsifying speed and surfactant content all affected microsphere porosity.The surfactant concentration and agitation speed principally contributed to particle size control. By adjusting the polymer characteristics and the process parameters, the protein release was improved remarkably. An 8-week completed and sustained protein release complying with the Higuchi model was achieved. The physical mixing of different microparticles was then studied for modulating release profile.The achievement of protein delivery with controlled release profile raised its applicability, especially for one protein sustained release or combined therapy.

Dissertation "Complex evaluation of a company media reputation and its development." focuses on topics of media reputation, media analysis and evaluation of communication activities. Against the existing theoretical background, its aim is to create, and verify the validity of, a new model for evaluation of media reputation of a firm. In line with the available academic works on the subject, the theoretical part of the dissertation defines the main concepts (reputation, media reputation, media content analysis), summarizes the main approaches to measuring the media reputation of organizations and describes their key advantages and disadvantages. The practical part contains a synthesis of the findings and proposes an integrated evaluation model, which reflects both the qualitative and quantitative criteria. Subsequently, the validity of the evaluation model and the applied individual approaches is verified through its application to the media performance of a particular enterprise, investment company Penta Investments in 2014. The application of the model to a specific case confirms that the proposed model is capable of measuring media reputation of a firm over a period of time and indicating deviations affecting the outcome, as well as evaluating the overall performance of communication targets of a...

Small molecule Zn(II) complexes containing N- and S- donor environments may serve as appropriate models for mimicking Zn protein sites, and thus, their reactions with heavy metal ions such as Pt(II) and W(0) may provide insight into possible adduct formation and zinc displacement. To study such possible interactions between zinc finger proteins and platinum-bound DNA, the ZnN2S2 dimeric complex, N,N?-bis(2- mercaptoethyl)-1,4-diazacycloheptane zinc (II), [Zn-1?]2, has been examined for Znbound thiolate reactivity in the presence of Pt(II) nitrogen ? rich compounds. The reactions yielded Zn/Pt di- and tri- nuclear thiolate-bridged adducts and metalexchanged products, which were initially observed via ESI-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis of reaction solutions, and ultimately verified by comparison to the ESI-MS analysis, 195Pt NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography of directly synthesized complexes. The isolation of Zn-(?-SR)-Pt-bridged [(Zn(bme-dach)Cl)(Pt(dien))]Cl adduct from these studies is, to our knowledge, the first Zn-Pt bimetallic thiolatebridged model demonstrating the interaction between Zn-bound thiolates and Pt(II). Additional derivatives involving Pd(II) and Au(III) have been explored to parallel the experiments executed with Pt(II). The [Zn-1?]2 was then modified by cleavage with Na+[ICH2CO2]- to produce (N- (3-Thiabutyl)-N?-(3-thiapentaneoate)-1,4-diazacycloheptane) zinc(II), Zn-1?-Ac or ZnN2SS?O, and 1,4-diazacycloheptane-1,4-diylbis(3-thiapentanoato) zinc(II), Zn-1?-Ac2 or ZnN2S?2O2, monomeric complexes (where S = thiolate, S? = thioether). The [Zn-1?]2 di- and Zn-1?-Ac mono-thiolato complexes demonstrated reactivity towards labile-ligand tungsten carbonyl species, (THF)W(CO)5 and (pip)2W(CO)4, to yield, respectively, the [(Zn-1?-Cl)W(CO)4]- complex and the [(Zn-1?-Ac)W(CO)5]x coordination polymer. With the aid of CO ligands for IR spectral monitoring, the products were isolated and characterized spectroscopically, as well as by X-ray diffraction and elemental analysis. To examine the potential for zinc complexes (or zinc-templated ligands) to possibly serve as a toxic metal remediation agents, Zn-1?-Ac and Zn-1?-Ac2 were reacted with Ni(BF4)2. The formation of Zn/Ni exchanged products confirmed the capability of ?free? Ni(II) to displace Zn(II) within the N-, S-, and O- chelate environment. The Zn/Ni exchanged complexes were analyzed by ESI-MS, UV-visible spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy of the acetate regions, and X-ray crystallography. They serve as foundation molecules for more noxious metal exchange / zinc displacement products.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / This paper presents the Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination applied to preparing 22 new 5-alkoxy-3-trifluoromethyl-penta-2,4-dienenitriles (5), 5- phenylthio-3-trifluoromethyl-penta-2,4-dienenitriles (6) and ethyl 4-alkoxy-2- cyanomethylene-but-3-enoates (7) from the condensation between diethyl cyanomethylphosphonate (4) and β-alkoxyvinyl ketones (1), β-phenyltiovinyl ketones (2) and ethyl 4-alkoxy-2-oxo-but-3-enoates (3), furnishing the desired products with 10 to 93% yields. In a second step, this paper presents a simple and accessible novel synthetic route, for the preparation of a series of 30 unpublished 1,6- disubstituted 4-trifluoromethyl-pyridin-2(1H)-imines (14-19) from the condensation reaction of 5-aryl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-methoxy-penta-2,4- dienenitriles (Ar = Ph, 4-F-C6H4, 4-Br-C6H4, 4-Me-C6H4 and 4-MeO-C6H4) (5) with primary amines R-NH2 (R = Bu, 2-(1-cyclehexenil)ethyl, 2-(4- morpholinyl)ethyl, 2-phenethyl-ethyl, 2-(4-chlorophenethyl)ethyl and 2-(4- methoxyphenethyl)ethyl) (8-13), in a solvent free sealed system to give the expected products with yields between 20 to 98%. In addition, a series of new 6-substituted 4-trifluoromethyl-2H-pyran-2- ones (20) was obtained in 88 to 100% yeld, from the autocondensation reaction of 5-aryl-3-trifluoromethyl-5-methoxy-penta-2,4-dienenitriles (Ar = Ph, 4-F-C6H4, 4-Br-C6H4, 4-Me-C6H4 and 4-MeO-C6H4) (5), in a reflux system using water as solvent in the presence of HCl and 1 equivalent of ZnBr2. The pyridinimines, pyranones and dienes obtained in this work were identified and characterized by Hydrogen Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H1NMR), Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (C13 NMR), Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS-EI), High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HRMS-ESI) and Elemental Analysis. / Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia de olefinação Horner-Wadsworth- Emmons aplicada de maneira inédita na preparação de 22 novas 5-alcóxi-3- trifluormetil-penta-2,4-dienonitrilas (5), 5-feniltio-3-trifluormetil-penta-2,4- dienonitrilas (6) e 4-alcóxi-2-cianometileno-but-3-enoato de etila (7) a partir da reação entre cianometilfosfonato de dietila (4) e respectivas β-alcoxivinil cetonas (1), β-feniltiovinil cetonas (2) e 4-alcóxi-2-oxo-but-3-enoatos de etila (3), levando a formação dos produtos com rendimentos entre 10 e 93%. Numa segunda etapa, este trabalho apresenta uma nova rota sintética, simples e acessível, para a preparação de uma série de 30 inéditas 4- trifluormetil-piridin-2(1H)-iminas 1,6-dissubstituídas (14-19) a partir da reação de condensação entre os 5-aril-3-trifluormetil-5-metóxi-penta-2,4-dienonitrilas (Ar = Ph, 4-F-C6H4, 4-Br-C6H4, 4-Me-C6H4 e 4-MeO-C6H4) (5) com aminas primárias R-NH2 (R = Bu, 2-(1-cicloexenil)etila, 2-(4-morfolinil)etila, 2-fenetiletila, 2-(4-clorofenetil)etila e 2-(4-metoxifenetil)etila) (8-12), em um sistema fechado e sem solvente, obtendo os produtos esperados com rendimentos de entre 20 e 98%. Em outra etapa do trabalho, foram obtidas 4-trifluormetil-2H-piran-2-onas 6-substituídas (20) a partir da reação autocondensação de 5-aril-3-trifluormetil- 5-metóxi-penta-2,4-dienonitrilas (Ar = Ph, 4-F-C6H4, 4-Br-C6H4, 4-Me-C6H4 e 4- MeO-C6H4) (5), em um sistema de refluxo utilizando água como solvente, na presença de HCl e 1 equivalente de ZnBr2, obtendo-se os produtos esperados com rendimentos entre 88 e 100%.As piridiniminas, piranonas e dienos obtidos neste trabalho foram identificados e caracterizados por Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Hidrogênio (RMN H1), Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Carbono-13 (RMN C13), Espectroscopia de Massas (CG-MS-EI), Espectroscopia de Massas de Alta Resolução (HRMS-ESI) e Análise Elementar.

The chemistry of actinides in solution is a very important aspect of the nuclear fuel cycle, especially as the energy needs of the world continue to increase. However, the radio-active nature of the actinides makes experimentation very difficult and dedicated expensive instruments are required. In addition, the disposal of radio-active waste materials requires a proper understanding of their chemistry at a molecular level. To tackle the problem, and to underpin the experimental studies, in this thesis we have studied the redox chemistry and disproportionation mechanism of actinyl complexes in solution using state-of-the art computational methods. Reduction potentials of actinyl complexes in solution have been estimated in solution using density functional theory (DFT) approaches. Solvation effects were included in the quantum chemistry calculations with the conductor like polarisable continuum model (CPCM) solvation method. First of all, we have validated our computational method by studying a variety of solute cavity definitions within the CPCM solvation model and assessed the performance of a range of DFT functionals to suitable to accurately describe the actinide chemistry in solution. Penta-valent uranyl(V) ions are unstable and readily disproportionate; in this study we have explored outer-sphere electron transfer and disproportionation mechanisms to determine the stability of these ions in solution. We have found that the process of outer-sphere disproportionation is unlikely to occur in non-aqueous solutions, such as DMSO, DMF, DCM, acetonitrile and pyridine, when the uranyl(V) ion is bound with a multi-dentate organic ligand. However, our computational results hypothesise that the presence of a trace of water in the experimental conditions can promote a disproportionation reaction by protonating the uranyl(V) ‘yl’ oxygen atoms and then the electron transfer process would proceed through either inner or outer sphere mechanism. In addition, the effect of alkali metal cations on the outer-sphere disproportionation mechanisms was also studied. Overall it has been shown that DFT can be used to accurately predict the redox properties of actinyl complexes in solution and thus contributing for an effective and efficient design of nuclear material separations, proper as well as safer radioactive waste disposal.