Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 1998. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-75). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M. S..)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Gershon Tenenbaum, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 27, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 86 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Alliant International University, California School of Professional Psychology, San Francisco, 2006. / Includes bibliographic references (170-173) and abstract.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Psychology, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], vi, 69 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 34-38).

Thesis (M. Med. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2005.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--York University, 2005. Graduate Programme in Psychology. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 177-211). Also available on the Internet. MODE OF ACCESS via web browser by entering the following URL: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/yorku/fullcit?pNR11566

L'insatisfaction corporelle, définie comme la différence entre le corps perçu et le corps idéal (Cash, 2002), a été mise en évidence comme facteur de risque de nombreux troubles et symptômes psychopathologiques. Ainsi, l’une des priorités de la recherche sur l’insatisfaction corporelle est d’identifier les processus psychologiques impliqués dans le développement et le maintien de l’insatisfaction corporelle. L'analyse de la littérature sur l’insatisfaction corporelle, la rumination, le perfectionnisme et l’autorégulation a révélé plusieurs résultats intéressants ainsi qu’un manque d’information dans ce domaine. La plupart des recherches sur le rôle de ces processus dans l'insatisfaction corporelle sont transversales. Ainsi, il a été avancé que davantage de recherche était nécessaire pour examiner les facteurs de risque causaux impliqués dans l'insatisfaction corporelle (Watson et al., 2016). Les objectifs de cette recherche étaient de développer et tester plusieurs instruments de mesure (questionnaire, tâches implicites et comportementales) et protocoles (conception longitudinale, inductions expérimentales) afin d'explorer les relations causales entre perfectionnisme, rumination, autorégulation et insatisfaction corporelle en tenant compte des différences entre hommes et femmes. Les résultats suggèrent des cercles vicieux entre insatisfaction corporelle, rumination et perfectionnisme, ainsi que des différences entre hommes et femmes sur les relations entre ces processus et l'insatisfaction corporelle. De plus, nos résultats concernant les outils de mesure implicites et comportementaux du perfectionnisme comme alternatives aux mesures classiques d’auto-évaluation sont encourageants. Un modèle présentant la manière dont ces cercles vicieux pourraient contribuer à l'insatisfaction corporelle est proposé et des orientations futures sont explorées dans la discussion générale. / Body dissatisfaction, defined as the difference between the perceived and the desired body (Cash, 2002), has been highlighted as a risk factor of numerous psychopathological disorders and symptoms. Thus, one of the priorities in body dissatisfaction research is to identify psychological processes involved in the development and maintenance of body dissatisfaction. The overview of the literature about body dissatisfaction, rumination, perfectionism, and self-regulation revealed several interesting results and also a lack of information in this field. Most of the research on the role of these processes in body dissatisfaction is cross-sectional. Thus, it has been brought forward that more research is needed to examine the causal risk factors involved in body dissatisfaction (Watson et al., 2016). The objectives of this research were to develop and test several measurement instruments (i.e., questionnaire, implicit and behavioural tasks) and protocols (i.e., longitudinal design, experimental inductions) to explore the causal relationships between perfectionism, rumination, self-regulation and body dissatisfaction, while taking into account gender differences. The results suggest vicious circles between body dissatisfaction, rumination, and perfectionism, and differences between men and women on the relationships between those processes and body dissatisfaction. More, our results about implicit and behavioural measurement instruments of perfectionism as alternative to the classical self-report measures are encouraging. A model presenting how all these vicious circles could contribute to body dissatisfaction is proposed and futures directions are explored in the general discussion.

abstract: ABSTRACT Perfectionism has been conceptualized as a relatively stable, independent, multidimensional personality construct in research during the last two decades. Despite general agreement that perfectionism is dimensional in nature, analyses using these instruments vacillate between a dimensional approach and a categorical approach (Broman-Fulks, Hill, & Green, 2008; Stoeber & Otto, 2006). The goal of the current study was two-fold. One aim was to examine the structural nature of two commonly used measures of perfectionism, the APS-R and the HFMPS. Latent class and factor analyses were conducted to determine the dimensions and categories that underlie the items of these two instruments. A second aim was to determine whether perfectionism classes or perfectionism factors better predicted 4 criterion variables of career indecision. Results lent evidence to the claim that both the APS-R and HFMPS are best used as dimensional, rather than categorical instruments. From a substantive perspective, results indicated that both positive and negative aspects of perfectionism successfully predicted career indecision factors. The study concludes with a discussion of limitations, and implications for future research and counseling individuals with career indecision concerns. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Counseling Psychology 2013

Music Performance Anxiety is something that has affected a number of musicians and numerous studies have been conducted on performance anxiety in adult musicians. However, research on performance anxiety in children and adolescence is still lacking when compared to literature on adult and music performance anxiety. This study examined the signs and symptoms that children (ages 8-12) and teenagers (ages 13-17) feel and the levels of performance anxiety they perceive. In addition, this study also examined levels of perfectionism, self-efficacy and gender as predictors of anxiety and compared these with levels of anxiety. Sixty-five participants completed three questionnaires and a demographic survey. Results suggest a tentative increasing relationship between music performance anxiety and age while no relationship between gender and anxiety was found. Strong relationships between perfectionism and self-efficacy with anxiety indicate that students with high levels of perfectionism and low levels of self-efficacy are more likely to have high levels of performance anxiety. Just as previous studies with adults have found, our findings in children and adolescents suggest that perfectionism may render people vulnerable to performance anxiety while self-efficacy may be an important buffer against this anxiety.

Perfectionistic standards are ubiquitous features conveyed in several aspects of life. Although some aspects of perfectionism may be beneficial to promote achievement, continuously targeting perfection and flawlessness has been shown to impede on one’s psychological adjustment, motivation, and self-regulation (Hewitt & Flett, 1991). Essentially, there still exists no consensus among researchers to identify whether perfectionism—or at least, some facets of perfectionism— is likely to promote or undermine positive outcomes (e.g., Gotwals, Stoeber, Dunn, & Stoll, 2012). The 2 × 2 model of perfectionism (Gaudreau, 2012; Gaudreau & Thompson, 2010) is a welcome addition for researchers studying perfectionism because it proposes an open-ended theoretical system in which novel hypotheses are amenable to empirical scrutiny, thus offering leeway for researchers to theorize and reinterpret those past mixed findings. The overarching goal of this dissertation was to address some of the gaps of the perfectionism literature in order to better understand under which circumstances perfectionistic standards are useful to foster achievement without thwarting psychological adjustment. Accordingly, the current dissertation used the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism as theoretical framework to propose four original studies regrouped under three articles. In Article 1, we aimed at providing a multilevel extension of the 2 × 2 model in order to better understand how the relationships between subtypes of perfectionism and indicators of positive and negative psychological adjustment may vary according to the level of analysis that is being studied. In other words, in this study, we examined the within-person relationships between subtypes of perfectionism and psychological adjustment (i.e., accounting for the fact that these relationships may vary within each person from one life domain to another) in complement to the between-person relationships (i.e., accounting for individual differences across people). A sample of 338 undergraduate students completed measures of perfectionism, vitality, goal progress, affect, and stress for each life domain in which they reported being invested. Preliminary analyses of multilevel confirmatory factor analysis supported the multilevel factorial structure of our measure. Furthermore, results of multilevel regressions with random coefficient supported most hypotheses of the model with positively-, but not negatively-worded outcomes, deserving further discussion. In an attempt to better understand these unexpected yet interesting findings, Article 2 aimed at extending the findings of Article 1 by examining the multilevel associations between subtypes of perfectionism and coping strategies of undergraduate students. Two studies were conducted to examine the between- and within-person relationships respectively. Accordingly, 332 undergraduate students completed measures to assess their dispositional perfectionism and coping tendencies in Study 1 (i.e., between-person). In Study 2, 203 undergraduate students completed repeated measures of perfectionism and coping for each life domain in which they reported being invested (i.e., within-person). Results of multiple regressions from Study 1 (i.e., between-person) showed similar findings than those obtained in past research with task- and disengagement-oriented coping, and support of all four hypotheses was obtained with relative coping (i.e., proportion of task-oriented compared to one’s overall coping). Results of multilevel regressions with random coefficient from Study 2 (i.e., within-person) provided support for all hypotheses with disengagement-oriented coping, two hypotheses with task-oriented coping, and three hypotheses with relative coping. Finally, in Article 3, we aimed at identifying the potential role of moderators in the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism, particularly the role of sociocultural identity. A sample of 697 undergraduate students (538 Euro Canadians and 159 Asian Canadians) completed measures aimed at assessing perfectionism and indicators of school achievement (i.e., satisfaction and grade-point average). Preliminary multi-group confirmatory factor analyses with invariance testing supported the factorial structure of our measure across both samples, thus rendering the measure equivalent across both sociocultural groups. Furthermore, results provided support for our socially prescribed perfectionism as a cultural makeup hypothesis, suggesting that Asian Canadians with a subtype of mixed perfectionism (i.e., high self-oriented and high socially prescribed perfectionism)—in contrast to their Euro Canadians counterparts—were able to reach both the achievement and satisfaction targets known to play an important part in the positive academic experience of students. Overall, the current dissertation bears significant theoretical implications by providing further validation of the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism, as well as supporting a multilevel and cross-cultural extension. It also holds methodological contributions by supporting the factorial invariance of the short-Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale across levels of analysis and sociocultural groups. Furthermore, this dissertation involves practical implications for clinical psychologists by underlining the need to compare clients to their own average across significant domains of their life (e.g., to monitor their progress or areas of concern) along to the normative standards designed to compare them with individuals (e.g., to monitor their levels in comparison to the population).