This study has been concerned with investigating several aspects of error, including human error, and the underlying causes in construction.It has attempted to calculate the realistic error rate and as a result has identified the optimum inspection rate in construction.Error prediction in construction is a new field of study, particularly with regard to repetitive construction processes.Several methodologies and probalistic approaches have been considered.Case studies have been presented and the findings shown. The results from several publications suggest that the learning rate varies with experience and with the skill of the worker, task complexity, environmental factors and interruptions due to inclement weather, inspection delays, and equipment breakdowns.A learning theory using a Straight-Line Power model was used to predict future performances,and the descrete event simulation model using 'iThink' simulation software,in conjunction with CPM, was developed in this study to calculate project durations.A simulation model was developed using the Event Tree Analysis (ETA) to calculate a more realistic error rate for the repetitive tasks. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T14:33:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Marcia_Curi_Hallal.pdf: 1350792 bytes, checksum: af3529288ed4fa95ac333f40d4c6e1c4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-13 / The knowledge of the value of the evapotranspiration of the plants determines the ammount of water that must be replaced in the culture so that there are no productivity wastes or attenuation. The values of the reference evapotranspiration are very variable because of the many estimative methods used and also because of the climatic variability of each region. In this sense, the objectives of this work were: to estimate the evapotranspiration using the Penman-Monteith method, considering it as standard due to its precision, and to analyze its values related to the precipitation occurred in the region, identifying the periods where there is necessity of irrigation; to estimate the reference evapotranspiration through indirect methods and compare them to the standard, identifying a simpler method that produces trustable results; to analyze the correlation of the meteorological variables with the standard method in order to identify the most influent variables and, from them, select a method that uses them, with an expression that allows local adjustments in the coefficients. With data of the years between 1971 and 2010 from the Agroclimatologic Station of Pelotas, it was estimated the reference evapotranspiration verifying that the annual average for Pelotas is 2.25 mm d-1. It was also observed that in the period between November 20th and January 20th the average decendial values of precipitation are lower than those of the reference evapotranspiration estimative. From the correlation between methods it was verified that the Blaney-Criddle method is the one that best fits to the standard in all the seasons of the year in all time scales analyzed. Finally, it was concluded that the most influent variables in the reference evapotranspiration for the region of Pelotas are the global solar radiation and the net radiation; and that the modified expression of the Jensen-Haise method, EToJHmod=Rs (0.013T + 0.176), shows good and very good performance, respectively, on summer and spring. / O conhecimento do valor da evapotranspiração das plantas determina a quantidade de água que necessita ser reposta à cultura de maneira que não haja desperdício e atenuação da produtividade. Os valores da evapotranspiração de referência são muito variáveis em função dos vários métodos de estimativa utilizados e também pela variabilidade climática de cada região. Neste sentido, os objetivos deste trabalho foram: estimar a evapotranspiração pelo método de Penman-Monteith, considerando-o como padrão por sua precisão, e analisar seus valores em relação a precipitação ocorrida na região, identificando os períodos de necessidade de irrigação; estimar a evapotranspiração de referência por métodos indiretos e compará-los com o padrão, identificando um método mais simples que produza resultados confiáveis; analisar a correlação das variáveis meteorológicas com o método padrão para identificar as variáveis mais influentes e, a partir destas, selecionar um método que as utilize, com uma expressão que permita ajustes locais nos coeficientes. Com dados da Estação Agroclimatológica de Pelotas entre os anos de 1971 e 2010, estimou-se a evapotranspiração de referência verificando que a média anual para Pelotas é de 2,25 mm d-1; observou-se ainda que no período entre 20 de novembro e 20 de janeiro os valores médios decendiais de precipitação são menores do que os da estimativa da evapotranspiração de referência. A partir da correlação entre os métodos verificou-se que o método de Blaney-Criddle é o que melhor se ajusta ao padrão em todas as estações do ano e em todas as escalas de tempo analisadas. Concluiu-se, por último, que as variáveis mais influentes na evapotranspiração de referência para Pelotas são a radiação solar global e o saldo de radiação; e que a expressão do método de Jensen-Haise modificada, EToJHmod=Rs (0,013T + 0,176) apresenta desempenho bom e muito bom, respectivamente, no verão e na primavera.

The purpose of this study is to further understand the economic impact of the new on-board module-building cotton harvesters that both John Deere and Case IH have introduced to the market. This study will examine two different areas, the optimal asset replacement schedule and a machine’s performance rate’s effect on harvest costs due to rainfall loss. Using data collected from Willcut (2008), USDA crop progress reports, and a USDA weather station, models will be used to study the areas in question. The findings are that, the age of the associated assets begin replaced with the conventional harvester and the number of acres harvested a year have a clear impact on the replacement schedule. The second findings are that when weather conditions deteriorate later in the harvest season, the full benefits of a higher performance rate are seen when the new harvester is pushed to its full potential.

Specifinės krepšinio žaidimo sąlygos reikalauja specialios sportininkų koordinacijos. Žaidžiant krepšinį labai svarbūs yra erdvinės orientacijos, judesių derinimo ir ritmiškumo koordinaciniai gebėjimai (Ljach, 1995). Bendrieji koordinaciniai gebėjimai tirti gana plačiai ir įvairiai (Hirtz ir kt., 1988; Starosta & Hirtz, 1990; Katinas, 1999) tačiau krepšininkų šių gebėjimų ypatumai analizuoti mažiau. Dar mažiau tyrinėti koordinaciniai rodikliai amžiaus aspektu. Atsižvelgiant į krepšininkų amžiaus tarpsnio ypatumus, fizinio parengtumo svarbą žaidybinei veiklai, jau atliktus tyrimus aktuali yra mokslinė problema: koordinacijos gebėjimų sąveika su kitais fizinio parengtumo bei žaidybinės veiklos rodikliais. Tyrimo tikslas – ištirti A. Sabonio krepšinio mokyklos krepšininkų koordinacijos rodiklių sąveiką su fizinio parengtumo ir žaidybinės veiklos rodikliais. Uždaviniai: 1) nustatyti A. Sabonio krepšinio mokyklos krepšininkų fizinį parengtumą, 2) nustatyti A. Sabonio krepšinio mokyklos krepšininkų koordinacijos gebėjimus ir jų sąveiką su fizinio parengtumo rodikliais ir 3) nustatyti A. Sabonio krepšinio mokyklos krepšininkų koordinacijos gebėjimų sąveiką su varžybinės veiklos rodikliais. Testavome A. Sabonio krepšinio mokyklos auklėtinius (n = 333), kurių amžius nuo 7 iki 17 metų t.y. 2002 – 1992 metų gimimo krepšininkai. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 2009 09 – 11 mėnesiais. Darbe tirti A. Sabonio krepšinio mokyklos krepšininkų fizinio parengtumo bei koordinacijos rodikliai. Šuolių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Specific basketball game play conditions require special athletes’ coordination. While playing basketball flair of rhythm coordination, spatial orientation and movement coordination are very essential (Ljach, 1995.) Common coordination flairs have reasonably been studied widely and differently (Hirtz and others, 1988; Starosta & Hirtz, 1990; Katinas, 1999) but flairs of these peculiarities of basketball players haven’t been analyzed that much. Coordination flairs according age aspect were studied even less. Considering age phase peculiarities of basketball players, importance of physical qualification to the performance and already accomplished research, the scientific problem is relevant: interaction of coordination flairs together with other indicators of physical qualification and performance rate. Research objective – investigate basketball players’ interaction of coordination flairs together with other indicators of physical qualification and performance rate of A. Sabonis Basketball School. Tasks: to determine physical qualification of A. Sabonis Basketball School’s basketball players’ to determine coordination flairs of A. Sabonis Basketball School’s basketball players’ and to determine their interaction with the indicators of physical qualification, as well as to determine the interaction of coordination flairs with the indicators of performance rate of A. Sabonis Basketball School’s basketball players‘. We have tested basketball players of A. Sabonis Basketball... [to full text]

Despote the indisputable advantages of fine-pitch components, is need to calculate with a few trouble during production, especially increased requirements for accuracy of mounting and solder printing. In this work I’m concerned with problems of solder printing for these components and evaluation using SPC. For the evaluation I used 3D paste inspection based on laser scanning of the surface. The output of this work is to describe the principles of solder printing and elaborating of GR&R, SPC analysis and histograms of solder printing for some outputs. I focused in my master thesis on motive design change of problematic components and economic evaluation of the adjustments.