Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Met bibliogr., lit. opg. - Met een samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 2005--München.

Background: The bonding process can start to develop as early as the planning of a pregnancy and can affect the relationship between mother and child through childhood. If proper bonding is not established, the child can present symptoms of depression, failure to thrive or delays in social and emotional, language or motor development. Stimulation programs implemented during pregnancy may positively affect the bonding process that act as a protective factor against negative outcomes in childhood, adolescence and adult life, for instance substance abuse, poor social coping skills and academic failure. Objectives: To determine and describe the effectiveness of The Baby Bond comprehensive stimulation program on bonding six weeks post intervention. Method: The researcher employed an experimental, pre-test-post-test randomised control group design in this study. Experimental and control groups randomly received the same pre- and post-test: the Prenatal Attachment Inventory within the third trimester of pregnancy and the Maternal Attachment Inventory six weeks post birth. The Baby Bond sensory stimulation program was added to standard antenatal care for the experimental group and the control group received a general stimulation program and standard antenatal care. The data was analysed with the SPSS program version 22.0 by the Statistical Consultation Services at the North-West University, Potchefstroom campus. SPSS was used to compile descriptive statistics from the experimental and control groups, Mann Whitney test and the effect size. Results: The twelve participants that were included in this study were from a variety of ethnic origins, in stable relationships and their ages ranged from 20-34 years. In the results, no statistical significant changes were found between the two groups with the Mann Whitney test. The pre-intervention variables (mean = 66.45) were not significantly different from the post-intervention measurements (mean = 101.03). A medium practical significant difference was identified between the groups (d=0.52) which can indicate that some changes in bonding did take place when implementing the comprehensive sensory stimulation program: The Baby Bond. Conclusion: The Baby Bond sensory stimulation program did not indicate a significant improved bonding as compared to general antenatal care between the mother and baby at six weeks after birth. However, future research in the optimal time for bonding interventions in larger sample sizes is needed, for more conclusive findings. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Background: The bonding process can start to develop as early as the planning of a pregnancy and can affect the relationship between mother and child through childhood. If proper bonding is not established, the child can present symptoms of depression, failure to thrive or delays in social and emotional, language or motor development. Stimulation programs implemented during pregnancy may positively affect the bonding process that act as a protective factor against negative outcomes in childhood, adolescence and adult life, for instance substance abuse, poor social coping skills and academic failure. Objectives: To determine and describe the effectiveness of The Baby Bond comprehensive stimulation program on bonding six weeks post intervention. Method: The researcher employed an experimental, pre-test-post-test randomised control group design in this study. Experimental and control groups randomly received the same pre- and post-test: the Prenatal Attachment Inventory within the third trimester of pregnancy and the Maternal Attachment Inventory six weeks post birth. The Baby Bond sensory stimulation program was added to standard antenatal care for the experimental group and the control group received a general stimulation program and standard antenatal care. The data was analysed with the SPSS program version 22.0 by the Statistical Consultation Services at the North-West University, Potchefstroom campus. SPSS was used to compile descriptive statistics from the experimental and control groups, Mann Whitney test and the effect size. Results: The twelve participants that were included in this study were from a variety of ethnic origins, in stable relationships and their ages ranged from 20-34 years. In the results, no statistical significant changes were found between the two groups with the Mann Whitney test. The pre-intervention variables (mean = 66.45) were not significantly different from the post-intervention measurements (mean = 101.03). A medium practical significant difference was identified between the groups (d=0.52) which can indicate that some changes in bonding did take place when implementing the comprehensive sensory stimulation program: The Baby Bond. Conclusion: The Baby Bond sensory stimulation program did not indicate a significant improved bonding as compared to general antenatal care between the mother and baby at six weeks after birth. However, future research in the optimal time for bonding interventions in larger sample sizes is needed, for more conclusive findings. / MCur, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

Proefschrift Universiteit Maastricht. / Met lit.opg. en bibliogr. - Met een samenvatting in het Nederlands.

Der Transkriptionsfaktor hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) trägt zur Expression von adaptiven Genen unter hypoxischen Bedingungen bei. Zusätzlich wurde vermutet, dass HIF-1 eine Rolle in der Regulation des späten neuronalen Zelltodes spielt. Suspensionszellen und adhärenten PC12-Zellen mit Nervenwachstumsfaktor (NGF) behandelt, wurden als ein experimentelles Modell für die Untersuchung der Beziehung zwischen Hypoxie induziertem Zelltod und Aktivität von HIF-1 herangezogen. Zelltod wurde durchflusszytometrisch mit einer Doppelfärbung (Annexin V und Propidium-Jodid) der Zellen und durch eine Analyse der allgemeinen Zelltodparameter wie LDH und die mitochondriale Dehydrogenase bestimmt. Parallel wurden Zellen mit einem Kontrollvektor und einem hypoxiesensitiven Vektor mit drei Hypoxie-bindenden-Elementen (HBE) transfiziert und die durch HIF-1 aktivierte Luciferase gemessen. Hypoxieexposition der NGF-behandelten PC12-Zellen resultierte in einer höheren Zelltodrate verglichen mit den unbehandelten Kontrollzellen. PC12 Zellen, zwei Tage mit NGF behandelt, zeigten eine bis zu 10-fach verminderte HIF-1-Aktivität. Diese Verminderung könnte zu dem erhöhten hypoxie-induzierten Zelltod durch verminderte Expression von HIF-1alpha-regulierten Genen, welche für die Anpassung an Hypoxie verantwortlich sind, beitragen. Die Verminderung der HIF-1 Aktivität und der Anstieg der Hypoxiesensitivität könnte darauf hinweisen, dass NGF als eine Art hierarchisch organisiertes Signalmolekül fungiert. / The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) strongly contributes to the expression of adaptive genes under hypoxic conditions. In addition, HIF-1 has been implicated in the regulation of delayed neuronal cell death. Suspension-grown and adherent PC12 cells treated with NGF were used as an experimental model for studying the relationship between hypoxia-induced cell death and activation of HIF-1. Cell damage was assessed by flow cytometry of double-stained (annexin V and propidiumiodide) cells, and by analysis of the overall death parameters LDH and mitochondrial dehydrogenase. In parallel, cells were transfected with a control and a three-hypoxia-responsive-elements (HRE)-containing vector and HIF-1-driven luciferase activity was determined. Exposure of NGF-treated PC12 cells to hypoxia resulted in a higher cell death rate when compared to untreated controls. PC12 cells exposed for 2 days to NGF exhibited a decrease of HIF-1 activity up to a factor of ten. This decrease may contribute to the enhanced hypoxia-induced cell death via reduced expression of HIF-1alpha-regulated genes resposible for adaptation to hypoxia, like those for glucose transport proteins and enzymes of the glycolytic chain. The decrease in HIF-1 activity and the increase in hypoxia sensitivity may suggest that NGF act as an hierachically organized signaling molecule.

INTRODUCTION. This dissertation concerns childbirth and its position within the Greenlandic society. It takes a world relational view to health promotion during, focusing on the perinatal family and the importance of the mothers, the child, their families and the local community as equal pieces of a whole. AIM. The aim of the dissertation is to present new concepts and knowledge concerning the health of the perinatal family in Greenland. It looks holistically at the place of birth with focus on the issue of support of the perinatal family. It seeks to present the perinatal family and its position within the Greenlandic society. It links the changes in health policy with the concepts of family, attitude and community structure. It draws on statistical, historical, anthropological and cultural data within the context of the Greenlandic perinatal family. METHOD AND MATERIAL. The dissertation is comprised of four studies and uses multidisciplinary methods. Over an eight-year period from 2003 to 2011, narrative interviews and focus groups were collected at four sites in Greenland: Nuuk, Ilulissat, Sisimiut and Tasiilaq. Data included seven focus groups with 35 participants, supplemented with 18 individual interviews of mothers, fathers and Culture Bearers, as well as two literature studies. The mode of conducting focus groups and interviews was based on the principles in the Helsinki Declaration. RESULTS. The perinatal family’s concepts of safety are often connected directly to access to family and community. Family is perceived as security, and lack of family support and network as insecurity. The concept of family and community is culturally specific and connected to the immediate family, extended family and kin. There is a cultural room for birth in Greenland, where the health of the perinatal family lies in their ability to strengthen the bonds within family, kinship and community networks. The mothers of the study perceived themselves as the bearers of their children; the fathers considered themselves to be the artisans and caregivers for their family; the community, including the extended family, deemed an important support network for the families. CONCLUSION. It is important to understand the link that exists between traditional and cultural properties and the health of the child within the family. These are elements of the eco cultural pathways that are already integrated within the family interactions and could be a way to strengthen family interaction and health. Families and community support these traditions and in healthy eco cultural exchanges it enhances the child’s role as a health–promoting agent within the family. Greenlandic public health, health promotion programs and the national perinatal guidelines have a physical health focus, but do not address the mental, social and spiritual dimensions of perinatal health. This fragmented way of perceiving and implementing health does not support the relational worldview that is an integral part of the culture of Greenland, and thus many families struggle to exercise choice within the system / INDLEDNING. Afhandlingen omhandler fødselen og dets betydning i det grønlandske samfund, idet der anlægges et holistisk sundhedsfremmende syn på den perinatale periode og der fokuseres på vigtigheden af kvinder, børn, deres familier og lokalsamfundet som ligeværdige dele af helheden. MÅL. Målet med afhandlingen er, at præsentere nye begreber og viden om sundheden om den perinatale familie i Grønland. Der ses holistisk på fødested og dens indflydelse på familiestøtte i den perinatale periode. Afhandlingen tilstræber at præsentere den perinatale familie og dens placering i det grønlandske samfund. Den forbinder ændringerne i sundhedspolitikken med begreberne familie, holdninger og samfundsstruktur. Den bygger på statistisk, historisk, medicinsk-antropologisk og kulturel data inden for rammerne af den perinatale sundhed i Grønland. METODER OG MATERIALER. Afhandlingen indeholder fire studier som benytter sig af tværfaglige metoder. Der er i en otteårig periode fra 2003 til 2011 gennemført fokusgrupper og individuelle interviews, ligesom der er gennemført to litteraturstudier i samme periode. Det empiriske data er indsamlet fire steder i Grønland: Nuuk, Ilulissat, Sisimiut og Tasiilaq. Syv fokusgrupper med i alt 35 deltagere, er suppleret med 18 individuelle interview med kvinder, fædre og Kulturbærer. De anvendte metoder til gennemførsel af afhandlingens interviews og fokusgrupper er i overensstemmelse med Helsinki-Erklæringen RESULTATER. For de perinatale familier er begrebet sikkerhed ofte knyttet direkte til familie og samfund. Familien opfattes som sikkerhed, og manglende mulighed for familie støtte og netværk opfattes omvendt som usikkerhed. Begrebet ansvar er for familien og samfundet kulturelt specifikt og er knyttet til den nærmeste familie, udvidede familie og slægtninge. Der findes et ‘kulturelt rum’ for fødsel i Grønland, hvor den perinatale families evne til at styrke båndene indenfor familien, slægtskabet og det lokale netværk er medvirkende til familiens sundhed. Lokalsamfundene, familierne og kvinderne i studierne opfatter sig selv som bærer af deres børn, fædrene opfatter sig som støtteskabende omsorgsgiverer for deres familie, og lokalsamfundet, herunder den udvidede familie, opfatter sig som et vigtigt støttenetværk for familierne. KONKLUSION. Det er vigtigt at forstå det sammenhæng, der eksisterer mellem traditionelle og kulturelle egenskaber og barnets sundhed i familien. Disse er elementer af de øko-kulturelle stier, der allerede er integreret i familiens samspil og kan være måder hvorved familiens samspil og dens sundhed styrkes. Familierne og samfundet støtter disse traditioner og i en sund øko-kulturudveksling styrker det barnets rolle som sundhedsfremmende agent inden for familien. Grønlandsk folkesundhed, sundhedsfremmende programmer og de nationale perinatale retningslinjer har et fysisk sundhedsfokus, men der tages ikke højde for de mentale, sociale og åndelige dimensioner indenfor perinatal sundhed. Denne opsplittede måde at opfatte og gennemføre sundhed på, understøtter ikke det relationelle verdenssyn der udgør en integrerende del af kulturen i Grønland, hvofor mange familier kæmper for at udøve selvbestemmelse inden for systeme / AALLARNIINEQ. Ilisimatuutut allaatigisap ernineq pillugu imarisaqarpoq, erninerullu kalaallit inuiaqatigiinni pingaaruteqassusia aamma sammineqarluni, erninerup nalaani ataatsimut isiginninnittaaseqarluni aammalu arnat, meeqqat, ilaqutaasa najukkamilu innuttaasut ataatsimoornermi naligiittut isigalugit. ANGUNIAGAQ. Ilisimatuutut allaatigisami anguniagaavoq, isummat nutaat ilisaritissallugit kalaallillu ilaqutariit meeraalu erninerup nalaani peqqissutsimut ilisimasariaqartut sammineqassallutik. Ilisimatuutut allaatigisap anguniarpaa ilaqutariit ernininerup nalaani ilisaritissallugit aammalu erninerup kalaallit inuiaqatigiinni inissisimanera takutissallugu. Peqqinnissaqarnermi allannguutit eqqarsaatigalugit ilaqutariissuseq, isummersortarneq inuiaqatigiinnilu aqqissuusaaneq sammineqarput. Sumi inunngorsimaneq ataatsimut isiginnittaaseqarluni sammineqassaaq aammalu erninerup nalaanni sumi inunngorsimaneq ilaqutariinnut tunaartaanersoq. Allaaserisami paasissutissat Kalaallit Nunaanni erninerup iluani peqqinnissaqarnikkut tunngasutigut aamma statistikkikkut, oqaluttuarisaanikkut, antropologiskimik, biofysiskimik, kulturikkullu tunngavilersuutit atorneqassapput. ILISIMATUSARNERMI NAJOQQUTASSANIK KATERSUINEQ. Atuagarsornikkut misissuinerit ukiuni arfineq pingasuni ingerlanneqarput ukioq 2003-miit ukioq 2011 ilanngullugu, soorlulusooq alaatsinaanneqartunik apersuinerit inunillu ataasiakkaanik apersuinerit ingerlanneqarsimallutik. Atuagassiaqarnikkut misissuinerit marluk ingerlanneqarsimapput, ilisimatusarnikkut paasissutissanik misissuinerit Kalaallit Nunaanni piffinni sisamaasuni ingerlanneqarsimalluni: Nuuk, Ilulissat, Sisimiut Tasiilarlu. Alaatsinaanneqartunik apersuinerit arfineq marluk, taakku katillutik 33-nik peqataasullit ingerlanneqarsimapput, tassungalu ilanngullugu inunnik ataasiakkaanik 18-iusunik arnanik, ataataasunik, kulturikkullu ersuttunik apersuinerit. Ilisimatusarnikkut sakkugineqartut ilisimatuutut allaatigisami apersuinermi alaatsinaanneqartunillu apersuinerit Helsinki-Erklæring naapertorlugu ingerlanneqarput ILISIMATUSARNIKKUT INERNERI. Nunasiaajunnaarnermi ernineq arnanut namminerminut tunngatinneqarpoq taamaasilluni ernineq pillugu paasissutissat amerlagisassaanngitsutut oqaatigisariaqarlutik. Erninermut naalakkersuinikkut anguniakkat malittarisassallu sumiiffinni ataasiakkaani qinikkanit allaffimmilu aqutsisunit saqqummiunneqartarsimapput, qaqutiguinnartumillu arnanut ernilersunut aammalu najukkami inuiaqatigiinnut isumaqatiginninniutaasarsimallutik. Ilaqutariinnut erneqqajaasunut isumannaallisaaneq isummap imarisaatut isigalugu ilaquttariinnut inuiaqatigiinnullu tunngatinneqarput. Ilaquttariit toqqaannartumik isumannaallisaasutut isigineqarput, ilaqutariinnilu qanigisanilu tapersersuisoqarsinnaanngikkangat nalornineq pilersarluni. Akisussaaneq ilaqutariinnut inuiaqatigiinnullu isummap imarisaatut isigalugu kulturikkut immikkut isigineqarpoq qaniginerpaasanullu tunngatinneqarluni, ilaquttanut qanigisanullu allanut. Kalaallit Nunaanni erninermut tunngasut "kulturikkut immikkut inissaqartinneqarput", tamatumani erninerup nalaani ilaqutariit imminut qanilleqqajaallaqqissisarlutik, ilaqutariissuseq najukkamilu inuiaqatigiit ataqatigiinnerat peqqissutsimut tapertaalluartarlutik. ILISIMATUSARNERUP NAAMMASSILERNERANI ISUMMIUSSAQ. Kalaallit ilaqutariit unamminartunik naapitsinermi naapertuulluartumik aaqqiisinnaasimapput, tamatumani nunarsuarmioqatigiinni aningaasaqarnikkut ineriartornermi inuiaqatigiillu malinnaataasumik ineriatorfiata kingunerisaannik pisimasut anigorluarsimallugit. Najukkami inuiaqatigiit, ilaqutariit arnallu misissuinermi meeqqanik nammattutut imminut paasinnipput, ataataasullu ilaqutariinni meeqqanut tapersersuisutut inuttullu isumaginnittutut imminut paasinnipput, aammalu najukkami inuiaqatigiit ilaqutariillu tamarmiusut ilaqutariinnut pineqartunut ataqatigiiaattut pingaarutilittut imminut paasillutik.