Submitted by Automação e Estatística (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2018-05-02T22:33:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoDantasReboucasDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 682814 bytes, checksum: 7e6c8586981ec2fdbeb70ffb60f6213d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2018-05-04T23:25:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoDantasReboucasDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 682814 bytes, checksum: 7e6c8586981ec2fdbeb70ffb60f6213d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-04T23:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoDantasReboucasDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 682814 bytes, checksum: 7e6c8586981ec2fdbeb70ffb60f6213d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-25 / As tecnologias assistivas se configuram como qualquer recurso utilizado por qualquer pessoa com alguma incapacidade, sendo desenvolvidas para prevenir, compensar ou neutralizar tal incapacidade. Para a OMS 10% da população mundial é composta por pessoas com algum tipo de deficiência, elevando para 14% quando se trata da população brasileira atingindo em torno de 27 milhões de pessoas. O reconhecimento da importância da inovação em Tecnologia Assistiva para os países tem estimulado a elaboração de políticas de incentivo, o que vem demonstrando bons resultados nos níveis de desenvolvimento socioeconômico. O objetivo deste projeto foi desenvolver Tecnologias Assistivas que aumentassem as capacidades funcionais, melhorassem a qualidade de vida e promovessem inclusão social de pessoas com alguma deficiência. De forma específica, este projeto apresenta três produtos desenvolvidos durante o período do mestrado, sendo eles: uma almofada funcional para uso por cadeirantes, um programa de computador para produção de demanda em tecnologia assistiva, e um dispositivo com a proposta de medição de discrepância de membros inferiores com baixos custos e mais eficiência mecânica. Ao final do projeto, obteve-se recursos que serão destinados de forma direta para a população e que servirão de matéria prima para a produção científica futura. / Assistive technologies are configured as any resource used by any person with some disability, and are designed to prevent, compensate or counteract such incapacity. For WHO, 10% of the world population is made up of people with some type of disability, rising to 14% when it comes to the Brazilian population, reaching around 27 million people. The recognition of the importance of innovation in Assistive Technology for the countries has stimulated the development of incentive policies, which has been showing good results in the levels of socioeconomic development. The objective of this project was to develop Assistive Technologies that would increase functional capacities, improve the quality of life and promote the social inclusion of people with disabilities. Specifically, this project presents three products developed during the Master's period, such as: a functional cushion for use by wheelchair users, a computer program to produce demand in assistive technology, and a device with the proposed discrepancy measurement Lower limbs with lower costs and more mechanical efficiency. At the end of the project, resources were obtained that will be directed directly to the population and will serve as raw material for future scientific production.

published_or_final_version / Ecology and Biodiversity / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Orientador: Marli Terezinha Cassamassimo Duarte / Resumo: As úlceras cutâneas crônicas de origem neuropática secundárias à hanseníase são de difícil resolução e onerosas ao sistema público de saúde e aos pacientes acometidos. Há coberturas de alta tecnologia para o tratamento das úlceras, entretanto, são de custo elevado. Desta forma, faz-se necessário identificar tratamento que possa ser usado nessa população, buscando minimizar ou regredir completamente a úlcera e que seja de baixo custo. Objetivo: Avaliar a viabilidade de um protocolo para uso da pomada de óxido de zinco nas concentrações a 20% e 25% comparada ao hidrogel, no tratamento de úlcera crônica de perna de pessoas com sequelas de hanseníase e propor instrumento de acompanhamento de pacientes em tratamento de úlceras crônicas. Método: Estudo clínico pragmático, do tipo piloto, randomizado com três braços paralelos, aberto em relação ao controle (hidrogel) e cego entre os dois grupos de intervenção, a saber: óxido de zinco a 20% e 25%. A população do estudo foi constituída por pacientes atendidos nos ambulatórios do Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, portadores de úlceras de perna, que já concluíram o tratamento para a hanseníase e a amostra constituída por 12 pacientes com 36 úlceras. Como desfechos primários foram avaliadas as taxas de adesão, recrutamento e de eventos adversos. O desfecho secundário foi a avaliação da eficácia das intervenções por meio da avaliação inicial e evolução da úlcera, empregando-se a Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH) e a mediana da área em ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The chronic skin ulcers of neuropathic origin, secondary to leprosy, are difficult to heal and costly to the public health system and patients. There are high technology dressings for wound treatment, however, they are expensive. In this way, it is necessary to identify the treatment which can be applied to this population, seeking to minimize or completely reduce the ulcer at lower costs. Objective: To evaluate the viability of a protocol for the use of zinc oxide ointment at 20% and 25% concentrations compared to hydrogel, in the treatment of chronic leg ulcers of people with leprosy sequelae, and to suggest a follow-up instrument for patients under treatment of chronic ulcers. Method: This is a pragmatic, pilottype, randomized trial with three parallel segments, open to the control (hydrogel) and blind between the two intervention groups, namely: zinc oxide at 20 and 25%. The study population consisted of patients with leg ulcers, attended at the outpatient clinics of Lauro de Souza Lima Institute, who had already completed the treatment for leprosy, and the sample comprised 12 patients with 36 ulcers. Adherence, recruitment, and adverse event rates were assessed as primary outcomes. Evaluation of the efficacy of the interventions through the initial evaluation and evolution of the ulcer, using Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing (PUSH), and median of the area in cm2, were assessed as secondary outcomes. Results: Four participants with 11 ulcers were included in the hydrogel ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Coastal metal pollution is a major concern to the health and well-being of aquatic organisms. Bioindicator organisms such as mussels have the potential to monitor coastal metal pollution. In New Zealand, the feasibility of employing green-lipped mussels, Perna canaliculus as a bioindicator species is yet to be investigated. This thesis focuses on applying a suite of biomarkers on green-lipped mussels exposed to cadmium (Cd) to evaluate the utility of the biomarkers and investigate the utility of the mussels in assessment of metal pollution. Cd is a non-essential metal and is known to be highly toxic to many aquatic organisms. This research consisted of a laboratory study to understand the mechanistic effects of Cd toxicity in green-lipped mussels. Physiological, biochemical, immunocytotoxic and cytogenotoxic biomarker responses were measured in mussels exposed to acute (96 h; 2000 µg L⁻¹ and 4000 µg L⁻¹) and subchronic (28 d; 200 µg L⁻¹ and 2000 µg L⁻¹) Cd treatments. The 96 h LC₅₀ value for P. canaliculus was 8160 µg L⁻¹, indicating that the green-lipped mussels were relatively tolerant to Cd exposure. Results from the Cd exposures, indicated that Cd had a negative impact on physiological processes such as feeding and oxygen consumption. Cd-induced physiological impairments caused an imbalance between energy gain and energy loss in the mussels that led to negative scope for growth. Detoxification (metallothionein-like protein) and defence mechanisms (catalase) were induced in the mussels to provide protection against the toxic effects of Cd. However, the defence mechanisms were not sufficient to protect the mussels from damage due to lipid peroxidation. DNA damage was also observed in the haemocytes of mussels as a result of Cd exposure. Cellular homeostasis (alkaline phosphatase) mechanisms were also perturbed. The immunocytotoxic endpoints reflected differences in haemocyte proportions in the haemolymph of Cd-exposed mussels. Exposure to Cd also led to the formation of several nuclear aberrations in the gill cells of mussels. Overall the laboratory study highlighted toxic effects of Cd on green-lipped mussels that were dependent on the dose and/or the duration of exposure to Cd. Among the biomarkers tested, clearance rate, metallothionein-like protein induction and the formation of nuclear aberrations in mussel gill cells correlated strongly to Cd accumulation levels and reflected Cd exposure effects. The feasibility of employing green-lipped mussels as bioindicators was tested during the field study. Green-lipped mussels were collected from different coastal sites along the South Island in NZ. Metal concentrations in the sediment and in four different mussel tissues were analysed. The findings indicated a significant geographical difference in metal concentration in the environment and in the metal accumulation levels in the mussels. Overall, the field study indicated that the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus has the potential to be used as a bioindicator species for assessment of coastal metal pollution levels in NZ.

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Zoology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Biofouling pests, including non-indigenous species, can have significant impacts on anthropogenic activities. This is particularly true for aquaculture industries, where biofouling communities grow on crop species and infrastructure, potentially reducing revenue and increasing processing and production costs. It is of interest to marine farmers and scientists to gain a better understanding of the processes facilitating the regional proliferation and spread of biofouling pests. The structure of biofouling communities associated with marine farms in New Zealand’s main mussel growing region, Pelorus Sound, are characterised in this thesis. The patterns of connectivity and gene flow among biofouling populations are also investigated. Images and video footage of biofouling on mussel farms (Perna canaliculus) indicate strong spatial variation in the structure of biofouling communities, with a dominance of known problematic taxa and high wave energy tolerant species, such as the brown alga Undaria pinnatifida and the calcareous tubeworm Pomatoceros sp., near the entrance of Pelorus Sound. Genetic analyses and simple GIS-based modelling of a case study biofouling organism, Didemnum vexillum, revealed genetic differentiation among populations with extreme outcrossing and low levels of connectivity. Genetic analyses also suggest that anthropogenic-assisted dispersal may be vital for connecting certain D. vexillum populations compared to natural spread. The present study illustrates how multidisciplinary research approaches can be used to identify geographical areas that are less prone to biofouling and to inform the management of biofouling pests and invasive species in aquaculture environments.

Thesis (M. Sc. (Zoology & Entomology))--Rhodes University, 2005.

Thesis (Ph. D. (Zoology and Entomology))--Rhodes University, 2005.

Submitted by Mendes Márcia (marciinhamendes@gmail.com) on 2017-07-07T14:18:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_-_flavia_karine_leal_lacerda.pdf: 2148754 bytes, checksum: 1dc88ed3a9b5088c63ccdb27761cc04d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Delba Rosa (delba@ufba.br) on 2017-07-28T13:39:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_-_flavia_karine_leal_lacerda.pdf: 2148754 bytes, checksum: 1dc88ed3a9b5088c63ccdb27761cc04d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T13:39:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_-_flavia_karine_leal_lacerda.pdf: 2148754 bytes, checksum: 1dc88ed3a9b5088c63ccdb27761cc04d (MD5) / As úlceras de perna são complicações graves e extremamente debilitantes para a vida das mulheres com doença falciforme. Seu surgimento está associado ao aporte insuficiente de sangue e de oxigênio na circulação, decorrente da disfunção endotelial e a vaso-oclusão. Considerada como uma importante carga de morbidade e ainda desafiadora para o cuidado de enfermagem. O estudo teve como objetivo geral analisar o autocuidado de mulheres com úlceras de perna secundárias à doença falciforme; específicos: identificar os requisitos de autocuidado universais, de desenvolvimento e de desvio de saúde de mulheres com úlceras de perna secundárias à doença falciforme; apreender os déficits de autocuidado revelados nas narrativas dessas mulheres. Trata-se de pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa tendo como referencial teórico a Teoria do Déficit de Autocuidado de Enfermagem de Orem, desenvolvida com 14 mulheres com úlcera de perna atendidas na Fundação de Hematologia e Hemoterapia do Estado da Bahia, localizada em Salvador. A coleta de dados foi realizada nos meses de dezembro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016, com três técnicas diferenciadas: a) consultas de enfermagem; b) observação sistemática durante a realização dos curativos e c) entrevista. Os resultados identificam que requisitos de autocuidado não são plenamente atendidos e que afetam a condição de saúde. Foram identificados os requisitos universais: Equilíbrio entre solidão e interação social, repouso e alimentação adequada; requisitos de desenvolvimento: Incapacidades para realizar o trabalho, mudanças abruptas de ambiente pelo internamento e privação educacional e evasão escolar; requisitos de desvios de saúde: Recidivas de úlceras, dor, alterações no aspecto da pele, alterações na marcha. A teoria do déficit de autocuidado possibilitou reconhecer os déficits de autocuidado para serem trabalhados pela enfermeira foram: Sociabilidade, alimentação, mobilidade, recidivas, dor crônica e integridade da pele. Os déficits identificados foram sociabilidade prejudicada, ingestão alimentar ineficaz e/ou insuficiente para a cicatrização das úlceras, estado crônico afeta a mobilidade, recidivas das úlceras, dor crônica e integridade da pele afetada e cartão de vacina desatualizado. A teoria dos sistemas de enfermagem é importante para organizar o cuidado de enfermagem totalmente compensatório e parcialmente-compensatório, quando os requisitos para o autocuidado não são atendidos e traçar planos terapêuticos individualizados. As atividades desenvolvidas pela enfermeira frente às mulheres com úlcera de perna e doença falciforme se concentraram nos níveis parcialmente compensatórios e apoio-educação. Os resultados nos levam a concluir que as mulheres com doença falciforme e com úlcera de perna revelam importantes requisitos e déficits para o autocuidado. As participantes experimentam limitações em diversos os estágios da vida, desde a adolescência até a fase adulta. Essa condição impacta na autonomia e para continuidade das atividades rotineiras e qualidade de vida. / Leg ulcers are serious complications and extremely debilitating to the lives of women with sickle cell disease. Its appearance is associated with insufficient supply of blood and oxygen circulation, due to endothelial dysfunction and vascular occlusion. Considered as an important burden of disease and still challenging for nursing care, this study aimed to analyze the selfcare of women with leg ulcers caused by sickle cell disease. Our specific goal is to identify the universal self-care requirements of development and deviation of the women's health with leg ulcers derived of sickle cell disease; grasp in the self-care deficits are revealed in the stories of these women. This is qualitative study theoretically based on the Deficit Theory of Orem's Self-Care Nursing, developed with 14 women with leg ulcers treated at Hematology Hematology Foundation and the State of Bahia, located in the city of Salvador. The data collection was conducted during the months of December 2015 and January 2016, with three different techniques: a) nursing consultations; b) systematic observation during the curative and c) interview. The results identified that the self-care requirements are not fully met and how it affect the health condition. The universal requirements were identified: Balance between loneliness and social interaction, resting and proper nutrition; development requirements: Impairments to perform the work, abrupt environmental changes in the hospital and educational deprivation and truancy; health deviation requirements: Relapses ulcers, pain, changes in skin appearance, gait changes. The theory of self-care deficit allowed us to recognize the self-care deficits to be worked by the nurse: Sociability, food, mobility, recurrences, chronic pain and skin integrity. Those identified deficits were impaired sociability, inefficient food intake and / or insufficient for the healing of ulcers, chronic condition that affects mobility, recurrence of ulcers, chronic pain and affected skin integrity and outdated vaccine card. The theory of nursing systems is important to organize the fully compensatory and partially-compensatory nursing care and when self-care requirements are not met and trace individual treatment plans. The activities developed by the nurse comparing women with leg ulcer and sickle cell disease are concentrated in partially compensatory and support-education levels. The results lead us to conclude that women with sickle cell disease and leg ulcer reveal important requirements and deficits for self-care. The participants experience limitations in various stages of life, from adolescence to adulthood. This condition impacts the autonomy and continuity of routine activities and quality of life.