This paper is a qualitative study based on a phenomenological perspective. The purpose of the study has been to examine how the artistic work with a Community Theatre can visualize the beliefs held by young girls in Skellefteå today regarding the power structures that exist in their lives and how they affect them. Furthermore, the study aims to examine how the work of a theater can provide participants with the opportunity to visualize these structures of power to the public. Questions raised in the study concerns the power structures the young girls are experiencing in their daily lives, how they affect them, how to through a theater approach them in an artistic practice and how the participants' experience of existing power structures is influenced by the work of a theater. The study began with a focus conversation about the participants' view of power in different areas. Based on the conversation, we decided to revise and orchestrate a part of Shakespeare's Othello, focusing on jealousy and men's violence against women in intimate relationships. This was rehearsed and performed to an audience during Trästockfestivalen in Skellefteå. The study ended with a further focus conversation which concerned the work of the theater production and how it affected the participants' view of power. The results show that participants believe that it has been useful to work with the power structures in this way. In particular, they have appreciated the discussions and the opportunity of amateurs to work with the profession, and in this work get visibility to real-life, current issues for an audience.

In this essay the aim is to examine what an analysis of records of the Swedish phenomenon called the “mara” or nightmare can tell us about gender relations in the nineteenth century Swedish peasant society. From Snorre Sturlasson to studies done in the present day I go through records and the people who has written them for answers to my questions. I use the methods sex/gender and Michel Foucault’s perspective of power and my main material I study is records from DAG.With this essay I take you through methods, and descriptions of the “mara”. I also take a closer look on the people who has written down what the people thought and their believes about the “mara” during the nineteenth century. I also take a closer look on the books that has been followed by the recorders.

Submitted by Taiane Ritta Coelho (taianercoelho@gmail.com) on 2018-02-27T14:57:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Versao final_TAIANE RITTA COELHO.pdf: 4459276 bytes, checksum: df6332334f9eb0b48d82cf6eede9d4d5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamela Beltran Tonsa (pamela.tonsa@fgv.br) on 2018-02-28T12:43:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Versao final_TAIANE RITTA COELHO.pdf: 4459276 bytes, checksum: df6332334f9eb0b48d82cf6eede9d4d5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-28T13:46:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TESE_Versao final_TAIANE RITTA COELHO.pdf: 4459276 bytes, checksum: df6332334f9eb0b48d82cf6eede9d4d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 / Esta tese tem como objetivo explicar como o poder se manifesta no uso de plataformas de participação digital para influenciar a política pública. Ferramentas de TIC implementadas para promover eParticipação apresentam novas oportunidades de diálogo entre o governo e os cidadãos, mas aumentar a participação por meio de plataformas ainda é um desafio. Um problema fundamental, nesse contexto, é que não são feitas considerações sobre as possíveis mudanças no equilíbrio entre as atividades internas no governo e questões de formulação de políticas. Esta tese avança nessa questão, partindo do pressuposto de que o poder é um mediador em tal processo. Maior atenção ao poder pode ajudar na concepção e implementação de processos que são mais representativos, inclusivos e imparciais e pode conduzir a uma maior autonomia dentro de um sistema democrático. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de estudos de caso retrospectivos e comparativos, usando-se a análise de processo das plataformas de participação para a elaboração de três políticas públicas em importantes cidades do país (plataforma de participação para elaboração do PlanMob/SP 2015, de São Paulo; do PMUS 2015, do Rio de Janeiro; do Plano Diretor 2014, de Curitiba). Teve como base diversas fontes de dados, como entrevistas semiestruturadas, documentação e observação não participante, analisadas por meio das técnicas de visual mapping e codificação. Os resultados mostram que os diferentes atores imprimem poder na plataforma por meio da posse de recursos críticos e de autoridade formal, mas também por meio da mobilização de recursos na prática (resourcing). Três fases de resourcing emergiram: resourcing in, resourcing within e resourcing out. Com base nos achados, esta pesquisa apresenta um modelo que explica o processo em que, a partir das práticas de participação, recursos são criados e distribuídos. O uso desses recursos gera mudanças nas práticas de participação e no estabelecimento de mecanismos usados para influenciar a política pública. Esse interplay entre uso dos recursos e geração de mecanismos de influência afeta o curso da participação e leva a resultados diferentes, que incluem legitimidade, influência moderada ou influência na política pública e aprendizado sobre o processo de eParticipação. Tem-se, ainda, que a mobilização de resourcing in nas práticas que antecedem a participação na plataforma, como a formação de alianças e a busca pelo apoio político, têm reflexos que impulsionam a influência na política pública. A união entre os saberes técnicos e coletivos (resourcing within) para realizar a eParticipação é uma fonte de poder que interfere no resultado. Com isso, contribui para a literatura de eParticipação, expandindo o conhecimento sobre os antecedentes, as práticas e os resultados no processo de participação eletrônica. Para a literatura de poder, ampliando as discussões sobre os paradigmas de posse e de prática e avançando na explicação de resourcing como fonte de poder. Enriquece a literatura de Resourcing, explorando a discussão sobre o recurso espaço como aspecto importante das relações de poder e apresentando o conceito de fases de recursos no processo de participação digital. Também é relevante para entender estas práticas e contribuir para que gestores públicos possam desenvolver plataformas que auxilie na governança pública e prover direções para que governo e cidadãos criem mecanismos para melhorar seu relacionamento na formulação de políticas públicas, por meio das TIC. / This study aims to explain how power is manifested in the use of digital participation platforms to influence public policy. ICT tools implemented to promote e-Participation present new opportunities for dialogue between government and citizens. However, increasing participation through platforms remains a challenge. A fundamental problem in this context is the lack of considerations regarding possible changes in the balance between internal activities in the government and policy formulation issues. This thesis addresses this question based on the assumption that power is a mediator in this process. Paying greater attention to power could aid the conception and implementation of processes that are more representative, inclusive and impartial, leading to greater autonomy within a democratic system. The study was conducted through retrospective and comparative case studies, using the process analysis of participation platforms for the drafting of three public policies in important cities of the country (participation platform for the drafting of the PlanMob/SP 2015 in São Paulo, PMUS 2015 in Rio de Janeiro and the PlanoDiretor 2014 in Curitiba). The study was based on a number of data sources, such as semi-structured interviews, documentation and non-participation observation, analyzed using visual mapping and encoding techniques. The results show that the different actors display power on the platform through the possession of critical resources and formal authority, but also through resourcing. Three phases of resourcing emerged: resourcing in, resourcing within, and resourcing out. Based on the findings, I present a model that explains the process, in which, through participation, resources are created and distributed. The use of these resources generates changes in participation practices and in the establishment of mechanisms used to influence public policy. This interplay between the use of resources and the generation of mechanisms of influence affects the course of participation, leading to different results, including legitimacy, moderate influence or influence on public policy and learning with regard to the e-Participation process. It is also argued that the mobilization of resourcing in the practices that precede the participation in the platform, such as alliances and political support, have consequences in the drives the influence in the public policy. The union between technical and collective knowledge (resourcing within) is a source of power that interferes with the result. This study contributes to the literature on e-Participation by expanding knowledge on the antecedents, practices and results in the electronic participation process. It also enriches the literature on Resourcing, providing a further explanation of resourcing as a source of power, exploring the discussion on the resource space as an important aspect of power relationships and expanding the typology of resources in the digital participation process.