Global ETD Search

1	DDT: Historical Framework, Current Uses, & Future Implications Garritson, Emily M. 26 April 2008 (has links) No description available. Biology Environmental Science DDT malaria pesticide use
2	A comparative study of users and non-users of chemical pesticides among middle-class urban women in Roanoke and Richmond, Virginia, based on educational attainment and other selected variables Graham, Frances Hilt 12 March 2013 (has links) Of the 394 urban women, over three-fourths (77.4 per cent) were users of pesticides, whereas almost one-fourth (22.6 per cent) were non-users. The ages of the respondents ranged from 15-19 years to over 70 years. The median age for users was 48 years and 51 years for non-users. There was no significant difference in the ages groups of users and non-users. The place of early residence (before 18 years of age) had no significant influence as to whether the woman was a user or non-user of pesticides. A majority of middle class urban women spent the early years of residence in the city.The median years of school completed by middle class urban women was 12.M. The users of pesticides had attained a significantly higher educational level than had the nonusers. High and low education levels were used as variables and comparisons of certain data were made on that basis. / Master of Science pesticide use LD5655.V855 1967.G7
3	Adoption Determinants and Impacts of Tuta absoluta Integrated Pest Management for Nepali Tomato Farmers Knaresboro, Lauren Marie 12 September 2019 (has links) Tuta absoluta, a member of the moth family, causes devastating yield loss to tomato farmers around the world. Its recent migration into the tomato fields of Nepal puts tomato farmers at a high risk of yield loss. In response, chemical pesticide use by Nepali farmers is increasing. Integrated pest management (IPM) practices have been implemented in hopes of reducing the frequency of chemical pesticide use while controlling yield risks. This study examines the extent and determinants of Tuta absoluta IPM adoption and its effect on the frequency of pesticide use for Nepali tomato farmers. Primary data was collected from four-hundred and one households in four districts throughout Nepal. Two levels of IPM practices were assessed, simple and complex, based on the need for additional knowledge and tools. An instrumental variable probit analysis was used to analyze the determinants of IPM adoption. Household distance to nearest agricultural extension office was a significant factor decreasing the likelihood of the adoption of complex practices. Amount of land dedicated to tomato production, membership status of the primary decision maker, IPM training regarding Tuta absoluta practices and severity of Tuta absoluta were found to increase the likelihood of the adoption of complex practices. In order to analyze pesticide use, a simple linear regression was used. Primary decision maker's age, gender, and education level were significant determinates to decrease the amount of expenditures spent on chemical pesticides to control for Tuta absoluta. IPM adoption level, amount of land dedicated to tomato production and severity of Tuta absoluta damage were significant determinates to increase the amount of expenditures spent on chemical pesticides to control for Tuta absoluta. / Master of Science / Tuta absoluta, a member of the moth family, causes devastating yield loss to tomato farmers around the world. Its recent migration into the tomato fields of Nepal puts tomato farmers at a high risk of yield loss. In response, chemical pesticide use by Nepali farmers is increasing. Integrated pest management (IPM) practices have been implemented in hopes of reducing the frequency of chemical pesticide use while controlling yield risks. This study examines the extent and determinants of Tuta absoluta IPM adoption and its effect on the frequency of pesticide use for Nepali tomato farmers. Data was collected from four-hundred and one households in four districts throughout Nepal. Different economic tools were used to conduct the analyses. Results show the farther a household is to the near agricultural extension office, the less likely a household is to adopt complex practices. An increased amount of land dedicated to tomato production, the primary decision maker being a member of a marketing or community organization, the primary decision maker having attended IPM training regarding Tuta absoluta practices and the greater the severity of Tuta absoluta in the household tomato fields, the more likely a household is to adopt complex practices. Contrary to one of the goals of IPM practices, this study shows complex adopters use more chemical pesticides than simple adopters. Results this study shows a need for further education of the relationship between IPM practices and the use of chemical pesticides. Nepal Integrated Pest Management Tuta absoluta tomatoes adoption pesticide use
4	Análise da percepção de risco do uso de agrotóxicos em áreas rurais: um estudo junto aos agricultores no município de Bom Repouso (MG) / Risk perception analysis of the use of pesticides in rural areas: a study together with farmers in the city of Bom Repouso (MG) Espíndola, Évellyn Aparecida 29 April 2011 (has links) O município de Bom Repouso, localizado no Estado de Minas Gerais, possui cerca de 50% de sua população residindo em área rural, revelando-se, a cada ano, como um dos maiores produtores de batata e morango em nível nacional. No entanto, estudos prévios desenvolvidos na região têm demonstrado que, entre outras atividades impactantes, encontra-se a do uso intensivo de fertilizantes e agrotóxicos, colocando em risco a saúde da população local e a dos ecossistemas. Pelo exposto surge a hipótese de que parte dos impactos encontrados pode ser decorrente da falta de informações e compreensão dos agricultores, associado ao baixo nível de escolaridade e negligência ao uso desses produtos. Considerando-se essa temática, procurou-se identificar e analisar a percepção de agricultores do município de Bom Repouso em relação aos riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente, inerentes ao uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, bem como contribuir com pesquisas já realizadas no campo da percepção ambiental e como subsídios às estratégias de comunicação e o gerenciamento de riscos por parte do Poder Público na região. Para tanto, foram utilizados alguns instrumentos metodológicos como visitas a campo e observação (entre 2009-2010), elaboração de uma planilha de Avaliação Preliminar de Perigo (APP) por parte da pesquisadora, bem como a aplicação da mesma planilha a 50 agricultores (selecionados entre os 22 bairros do município e, preferencialmente, naqueles com maior desenvolvimento da agricultura), em julho de 2010, avaliando sua percepção sobre os perigos e riscos associados ao modelo vigente de produção. Dados pretéritos (obtidos em 2005-2007) também foram incorporados na pesquisa, os quais possibilitaram reconhecer o perfil socioeconômico dos agricultores e um pouco da estruturação local. Por meio dos resultados obtidos verifica-se a expansão da agricultura no município nos últimos anos, implicando em problemas sociais e ambientais relacionados à falta de planejamento no setor e a forma de condução da atividade. Por outro lado, considerando as hipóteses levantadas, é possível inferir que não existe falta de informações em relação ao uso de agrotóxicos e seus efeitos, pois em sua maioria (70%) os entrevistados têm noção dos perigos e riscos associados, implicando em danos a saúde e ao meio ambiente, embora suas atitudes (como o não uso do EPI, armazenamento e forma de utilização do produto) demonstrem total negligência. Portanto, as atividades agrícolas mal planejadas decorrem mais de outros aspectos, como os culturais, além da falta de incentivo econômico e político para que outras formas alternativas da agricultura sejam fomentadas na região. Desta forma, verifica-se que os agricultores acabam realmente sendo agentes ativos do processo, mas, por outro lado, se tornam vítimas da própria situação, ou seja, das práticas agrícolas existentes. / The city of Bom Repouso, localized in the State of Minas Gerais, has around 50% of its population residing in rural areas, making itself, year by year, one of the biggest potato and strawberry producers in the nation. However, previous studies developed in the region have demonstrated that, among other impacting activities, there is the extensive use of pesticides, putting the health of the population as well as the health of the ecosystems in danger. From the above, arises the hypothesis that part of the impact found can derive from the lack of information and comprehension from the farmers, together with a low scholarity level and the neglect when using these products. Bearing this thematic in mind, we tried to identify and analyze the perception of farmers from the city of Bom Repouso regarding health and environmental risks, inherent from the widespread use of pesticides, as well as to contribute with research already carried out in the field of environmental perception and as subsides to strategies of Risk Management and Communication from the Public Power in that region. For this, some methodological instruments were used, such as visitation to the fields and observation (from 2009-2010), elaboration of a Preliminary Assessment of Danger (PAD) worksheet by the researcher, and the application of the same worksheet with 50 farmers (selected among the 22 neighborhoods from the city and, preferentially, in the ones with the most development in farming), in July 2010, assessing their perception about danger and risks associated to the current production model. Preterit data (obtained in 2005- 2007) were also incorporated in the research, which allow us to recognize the socialeconomical profile of the farmers and some of the local structure. Through the obtained results, the expansion in farming in the city in the last few years can be seen, implying in social and environmental problems related to the lack of planning in the sector and also the conduction of activities. On the other hand, considering the arisen hypotheses, it is possible to infer that there is no lack of information regarding the use of pesticides and its effects, since the majority (70%) of the interviewed people have notion of the dangers and risks, implying in damages to their health and to the environment, but nonetheless, their attitudes (such as the non use of PPE, wrong storage and use of the product) demonstrate total neglect. Therefore, badly planned farming activity result from other aspects, such as cultural for example, besides the lack of economical and political incentive so that other alternative forms of farming could be funded in the region. Thus, it can be seen that farmers are in fact active agents in the process, but, on the other hand, are victims of their own situation, that is, the existing farming practices. Agricultores Environmental impacts Farmers Impactos ambientais Percepção de riscos Pesticide use Risk perception Uso de agrotóxicos
5	Análise da percepção de risco do uso de agrotóxicos em áreas rurais: um estudo junto aos agricultores no município de Bom Repouso (MG) / Risk perception analysis of the use of pesticides in rural areas: a study together with farmers in the city of Bom Repouso (MG) Évellyn Aparecida Espíndola 29 April 2011 (has links) O município de Bom Repouso, localizado no Estado de Minas Gerais, possui cerca de 50% de sua população residindo em área rural, revelando-se, a cada ano, como um dos maiores produtores de batata e morango em nível nacional. No entanto, estudos prévios desenvolvidos na região têm demonstrado que, entre outras atividades impactantes, encontra-se a do uso intensivo de fertilizantes e agrotóxicos, colocando em risco a saúde da população local e a dos ecossistemas. Pelo exposto surge a hipótese de que parte dos impactos encontrados pode ser decorrente da falta de informações e compreensão dos agricultores, associado ao baixo nível de escolaridade e negligência ao uso desses produtos. Considerando-se essa temática, procurou-se identificar e analisar a percepção de agricultores do município de Bom Repouso em relação aos riscos à saúde e ao meio ambiente, inerentes ao uso intensivo de agrotóxicos, bem como contribuir com pesquisas já realizadas no campo da percepção ambiental e como subsídios às estratégias de comunicação e o gerenciamento de riscos por parte do Poder Público na região. Para tanto, foram utilizados alguns instrumentos metodológicos como visitas a campo e observação (entre 2009-2010), elaboração de uma planilha de Avaliação Preliminar de Perigo (APP) por parte da pesquisadora, bem como a aplicação da mesma planilha a 50 agricultores (selecionados entre os 22 bairros do município e, preferencialmente, naqueles com maior desenvolvimento da agricultura), em julho de 2010, avaliando sua percepção sobre os perigos e riscos associados ao modelo vigente de produção. Dados pretéritos (obtidos em 2005-2007) também foram incorporados na pesquisa, os quais possibilitaram reconhecer o perfil socioeconômico dos agricultores e um pouco da estruturação local. Por meio dos resultados obtidos verifica-se a expansão da agricultura no município nos últimos anos, implicando em problemas sociais e ambientais relacionados à falta de planejamento no setor e a forma de condução da atividade. Por outro lado, considerando as hipóteses levantadas, é possível inferir que não existe falta de informações em relação ao uso de agrotóxicos e seus efeitos, pois em sua maioria (70%) os entrevistados têm noção dos perigos e riscos associados, implicando em danos a saúde e ao meio ambiente, embora suas atitudes (como o não uso do EPI, armazenamento e forma de utilização do produto) demonstrem total negligência. Portanto, as atividades agrícolas mal planejadas decorrem mais de outros aspectos, como os culturais, além da falta de incentivo econômico e político para que outras formas alternativas da agricultura sejam fomentadas na região. Desta forma, verifica-se que os agricultores acabam realmente sendo agentes ativos do processo, mas, por outro lado, se tornam vítimas da própria situação, ou seja, das práticas agrícolas existentes. / The city of Bom Repouso, localized in the State of Minas Gerais, has around 50% of its population residing in rural areas, making itself, year by year, one of the biggest potato and strawberry producers in the nation. However, previous studies developed in the region have demonstrated that, among other impacting activities, there is the extensive use of pesticides, putting the health of the population as well as the health of the ecosystems in danger. From the above, arises the hypothesis that part of the impact found can derive from the lack of information and comprehension from the farmers, together with a low scholarity level and the neglect when using these products. Bearing this thematic in mind, we tried to identify and analyze the perception of farmers from the city of Bom Repouso regarding health and environmental risks, inherent from the widespread use of pesticides, as well as to contribute with research already carried out in the field of environmental perception and as subsides to strategies of Risk Management and Communication from the Public Power in that region. For this, some methodological instruments were used, such as visitation to the fields and observation (from 2009-2010), elaboration of a Preliminary Assessment of Danger (PAD) worksheet by the researcher, and the application of the same worksheet with 50 farmers (selected among the 22 neighborhoods from the city and, preferentially, in the ones with the most development in farming), in July 2010, assessing their perception about danger and risks associated to the current production model. Preterit data (obtained in 2005- 2007) were also incorporated in the research, which allow us to recognize the socialeconomical profile of the farmers and some of the local structure. Through the obtained results, the expansion in farming in the city in the last few years can be seen, implying in social and environmental problems related to the lack of planning in the sector and also the conduction of activities. On the other hand, considering the arisen hypotheses, it is possible to infer that there is no lack of information regarding the use of pesticides and its effects, since the majority (70%) of the interviewed people have notion of the dangers and risks, implying in damages to their health and to the environment, but nonetheless, their attitudes (such as the non use of PPE, wrong storage and use of the product) demonstrate total neglect. Therefore, badly planned farming activity result from other aspects, such as cultural for example, besides the lack of economical and political incentive so that other alternative forms of farming could be funded in the region. Thus, it can be seen that farmers are in fact active agents in the process, but, on the other hand, are victims of their own situation, that is, the existing farming practices. Agricultores Impactos ambientais Percepção de riscos Uso de agrotóxicos Environmental impacts Farmers Pesticide use Risk perception
6	Disentangling Individual and Community Effects on Environmentally Sensitive Behaviors Harmon, Mary P. 13 November 2009 (has links) A major criticism of the environmental behavior literature is the nearly exclusive focus on the role of attitudes and individual-level characteristics. Despite this concentration on individual-level causes, variation in environmental behavior remains. As individual behavior becomes an increasingly significant source of pollution, a better understanding of the influences individual behavior is critical to addressing environmental degradation. This research re-directs the focus on individual-level influences on environmental behaviors by building models examining the varying dimensions of environmental behaviors as influenced by community characteristics. This is accomplished by testing a series of hypotheses under the auspices of two theoretical frameworks: the neoclassical economic theory and a social contextual model of environmental actions. Using individual-level data from the 1993 and 2000 General Social Survey and MSA data from the U.S. Census and the Environmental Protection Agency, I estimate two-level hierarchical models for three environmentally sensitive behaviors (environmentally sensitive food consumption, environmentally sensitive automobile use, and environmental activism). Multi-level analyses yield models revealing significant associations between MSA measures and individual environmental behaviors. Objective environmental conditions, region of MSA and MSA education level are significantly associated with environmentally sensitive food consumption behaviors, environmentally sensitive automobile use, and environmental activism behaviors, though their influence assumes diverse forms. Among the community measures, MSA education level is the primary social process that produces change in all environmental behaviors. In each of the models, MSA education level exhibits effects on all three behavioral measures and significant cross-level effects on automobile use behaviors. Living in a well educated MSA, particularly in the West or Northeast suggests higher environmental participation. Region of MSA is also a characteristic that must be considered when evaluating environmental behaviors, particularly for those living in the West and Northeast. Theoretical conclusions suggest that individual environmental behavior decision making is not simply a market exchange, but social forces are at work in the individual decision-making process. Environment Community MSA Behavior Multi-level analysis Hierarchical regression Pesticide use Air quality Activism Sociology
7	Birds, bats and arthropods in tropical agroforestry landscapes: Functional diversity, multitrophic interactions and crop yield Maas, Bea 20 November 2013 (has links) No description available. 630 birds bats arthropods multitrophic interactions agroforestry tropical landscape forest margin landscape functional diversity crop yield exclosure experiments experimental exclusion arthropod suppression avian predation ecosystem services mist netting point counts artificial plasticine caterpillar dummy experiment biological control monitoring mapping Lemon-bellied White-eye Grosbeak Starling Zosterops chloris Scissiostrum dubium Theobroma cacao cacao agroforestry cacao diseases cacao harvest cacao pests flying vertebrates aerial insectivores volant vertebrates logging breeding colony flower herbivory mesopredator release predatory insects ants spiders aphids Lepidoptera Coleoptera Lepidopteran larvae sustainable agriculture sustainable agroforestry management implications management recommendations applied managament extensive land use management landscape management conservation biodiversity-friendly dbh distance to forest forest proximity habitat conversion herbivory Indonesia insectivorous bats insectivorous birds invertebrates Central Sulawesi Napu valley leaf gleaning leaf herbivory pests insects phytophagous insects plant productivity remnant forest trees shade tree managament South-east Asia Paleotropics tropical landscape tree height landscape gradient local shade management Cacao Pod Borer Cherelle Wilt fruit abortion Helopeltis sulawesi deforestation habitat fragmentation land use intensification forest margin species critical decline predation experiment species-specific functions Southeast Asia biodiversity conservation mesopredators food security human welfare human well-being poverty alleviation poverty reduction smallholder cacao smallholder plantation cacao farmers sustainable cacao management landscape perspective landscape scale large scale field experiment long term field experiment human wellbeing economic importance economic value valuation ecosystem services landscape matrix yield quality yield quantity fruit productivity species identity species diversity species richness ecosystem functioning pesticide use chemical compounds complex food web tritrophic interactions wildlife-friendly rural livelihoods endangered bird species endangered bat species endemic endemic birds endemic bats beneficial impact IUCN Lore Lindu National Park bioindicator indicator species forest margin agricultural habitat agroforestry systems population density predation activity species activity cacao flower cacao pod Orthoptera linear mixed effect models Tukey Post Hoc Test AICc model selection generalized least squares restricted maximum likelihood model simplification species richness estimator species accumulation linear mixed-effects models Likelihood Ratio Test Maximum Likelihood nocturnal insects diurnal arthropods nocturnal arthropods diurnal insects landscape context Land- und Forstwirtschaft (PPN621302791)

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