Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-02-13T20:20:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoMoreiraAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4010692 bytes, checksum: 14265a10e5cf460156263b3eb9ab5525 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-02-16T19:42:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoMoreiraAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4010692 bytes, checksum: 14265a10e5cf460156263b3eb9ab5525 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-16T19:42:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RodrigoMoreiraAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4010692 bytes, checksum: 14265a10e5cf460156263b3eb9ab5525 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-12 / Esta disserta??o apresenta um simulador semi-anal?tico de fluxo em reservat?rios homog?neos fechados atrav?s da aplica??o do m?todo de elementos de contorno (Boundary Element Method - BEM) utilizando a solu??o da fonte pontual em reservat?rio infinito. Este m?todo ? conhecido por prover vantagens valiosas sobre outros m?todos de discretiza??o de dom?nios, como a redu??o no esfor?o de discretiza??o quando comparado ao m?todo de elementos finitos. A implementa??o foi feita na linguagem de programa??o Python associada a bibliotecas amplamente testadas e utilizadas em aplica??es cient?ficas. Os resultados foram validados atrav?s de um simulador semi-anal?tico de funcionamento comprovado e demonstraram-se vi?veis para todos os cen?rios estudados. / Solving the problem of fluid flow inside closed reservoirs holds great importance for the oil industry as it allows field managers to evaluate oil producing fields and supplies data to infer production and income. One of the most common ways to solve this problem is by using the Images Method, which models closed barriers as image wells, but requires excessive processing power as it depends on the convergence of sums of infinite series. As an alternative to the Images Method, this work presents a semi-analytical simulator for monophasic and laminar fluid flow on closed, homogeneous and isotropic reservoirs based on the Boundary Element Method (BEM) associated with the Green?s function for a point source in an infinite reservoir as the fundamental solution. This method has known advantages over other numerical methods including, mainly, the reduction on discretization efforts. This work applies the Python programming language associated to scientific libraries, thoroughly tested and applied on this area. The simulator was tested on 5 different scenarios (well on infinite reservoir, well on small and large reservoir, and well decentralized on 1 and 2 axis) and was validated through another semi-analytical simulator whose results were already thoroughly tested. On all scenarios, the simulator achieved correlation values of more than 95%.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-17T23:16:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoCesarPereiraDaCosta_TESE.pdf: 9035673 bytes, checksum: b47a178b546c68bed34b29cd6050cae3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-20T22:33:39Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoCesarPereiraDaCosta_TESE.pdf: 9035673 bytes, checksum: b47a178b546c68bed34b29cd6050cae3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T22:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoCesarPereiraDaCosta_TESE.pdf: 9035673 bytes, checksum: b47a178b546c68bed34b29cd6050cae3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-18 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / As imagens de sat?lites t?m sido utilizadas para mapear, monitorar e quantificar a qualidade dos recursos naturais. O mapeamento detalhado da vegeta??o de mangue ? uma demanda crescente por se tratar de um valoroso instrumento de conhecimento, manuten??o e gest?o do ecossistema manguezal em rela??o ?s modifica??es provocadas pelas atua??es antr?picas e/ou naturais, frente ?s mudan?as globais. Este trabalho combinou dados multiespectrais da regi?o do vis?vel e infravermelho pr?ximo do sistema LANDSAT-8 com dados monoespectrais do RADARSAT-2, aliado a dados hiperespectrais de espectrorradiometria e ?ndice de Vegeta??o na segmenta??o e classifica??o de alguns manguezais no Nordeste do Brasil, levando em considera??o a diversidade de ambientes presentes na ?rea total do estudo. Como resultado final do processo de segmenta??o e classifica??o, calculamos que os manguezais da ?rea estudada ocupam ?rea total de aproximadamente 5.392 ha. A esp?cie R. mangle ? a esp?cie dominante, totalizando uma ?rea de 3.350 ha, representando 62,13% da ?rea total, deste total cerca de 2.861 ha s?o ocupados pela R. mangle I (porte e adensamento convencional), representando 53,06% da ?rea total; 489 ha pela condi??o fitoestrutural R. mangle II (porte baixo e bastante adensado), cerca de 9,07% da ?rea total; regi?es mistas de esp?cies ou de transi??o entre elas ocupam ?rea de 1.092 ha, cerca de 20,25% da ?rea total, seguida da esp?cie A. schaueriana ocupando uma ?rea de 950 ha, cerca de 17,62% da ?rea total. Este estudo atendeu ?s expectativas em obter uma maior efici?ncia no levantamento espacial com alta acur?cia para o monitoramento da qualidade desse ecossistema altamente sens?vel ?s altera??es ambientais: como subs?dio ? sua preserva??o e transforma??o em um Projeto de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo. Para tal, foi realizada a estimativa de CO2 aprisionado nas florestas de mangue pertencentes a Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Estadual Ponta do Tubar?o (RDSEPT) por meio de M?todo Indireto n?o destrutivo. As estimativas totais das m?dias de CO2 aprisionado em cada hectare ocupado pela esp?cie R. mangle ? de 39,93 t, L. schaueriana ? de 28,47 t e as regi?es de esp?cies mistas ? de 34,20 t. Estima-se que a quantifica??o total de CO2 aprisionado na RDSEPT seja 17.156,51 t. Mediante os valores obtidos, percebemos que o manguezal da RDSEPT de maneira geral possui um grande potencial de gerar biomassa e consequentemente aprisionar CO2. Podendo gerar uma valiosa oportunidade financeira, justificando a preserva??o deste ecossistema. / The satellite images have been used to map, monitor and quantify the quality of natural resource. The detailed mapping of mangrove vegetation is an increasing demand because it is a valorous Valorous instrument of knowledge, maintenance and management of the mangrove ecosystem in relation to changes caused by anthropic actions and/or natural activities to global changes. This work combined multispectral data from the visible and near infrared of the LANDSAT-8 system with Monospectral data from RADARSAT-2, combined with hyperspectral data of the spectroradiometry and Vegetation Index in the segmentation and classification of some mangroves in the Northeast of Brazil, taking into account the diversity of environments present in the total area of the study. As the final result of the segmentation and classification process, we calculate that the mangroves in the study area occupy a total area of approximately 5.392ha. The species R. mangle is the dominant species, totaling an area of 3,350 ha, representing 62.13% of the total area, of this total about 2,861 ha are occupied by R. mangle I (size and conventional densification), representing 53.06% of the total area; 489 ha for structural phyto condition R. mangle II (short stature and very dense), about 9.07% of the total area; mixed regions of species or transition between them occupy area of 1092 ha, about 20.25% of total area, then the specie A. schaueriana occupying an area of 950 ha, about 17.62% of the total area. This study met the expectations to get the greater efficiency in the spatial lifting for monitoring the quality of this highly sensitive ecosystem on the environmental changes: as support their preservation and transformation into a Clean Development Mechanism Project. For such, was made the estimation of trapped CO2 in mangrove forests belonging to Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Estadual Ponta do Tubar?o (RDSEPT) by Indirect Method nondestructive. The total estimates on the mean of trapped CO2 in each hectare occupied by the species R. mangle is 39.93t, L. schaueriana is 28.47t and the regions of mixed species is 34.20t. It is estimated that the total quantification of trapped CO2 in the RDSEPT is 17156.51t. By the obtained values, we realized that the values of mangrove in the RDSEPT in general have a great potential to generate biomass and consequently imprison CO2. It is able to generate a valuable financial opportunity, justifying the preservation of this ecosystem.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-05-31T20:47:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlmirMarianoDeSousaJunior_TESE.pdf: 3946108 bytes, checksum: 2bc096f2c4d458f0f8b935b7ab096360 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-06-01T21:12:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlmirMarianoDeSousaJunior_TESE.pdf: 3946108 bytes, checksum: 2bc096f2c4d458f0f8b935b7ab096360 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T21:12:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlmirMarianoDeSousaJunior_TESE.pdf: 3946108 bytes, checksum: 2bc096f2c4d458f0f8b935b7ab096360 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-29 / A mudan?a da matriz energ?tica ? algo ainda muito longe da realidade atual, surgindo o armazenamento geol?gico como alternativa contra o aquecimento global, adotando a t?cnica de captura de CO2 e CH4 antes de sua emiss?o para a atmosfera. Destacam-se como ambientes de armazenamento dos gases, os campos de explora??o maduros de petr?leo e abandonados, contudo, surge a necessidade de desenvolver pastas de ciment?cias sustent?veis para tamponamento de po?os que possuam baixa permeabilidade, buscando minimizar a emiss?o dos referidos gases para a atmosfera. Estas foram desenvolvidas com adi??o de filler do res?duo do polimento do porcelanato (RPP) e dispers?o aquosa de poliuretana, objetivando analisar o seu efeito na redu??o de permeabilidade em pastas de cimento para tamponamento de po?os de petr?leo. Para identificar o melhor comportamento, realizou-se ensaios de permeabilidade, resist?ncia ? compress?o axial, estabilidade, densidade e carbonata??o de acordo com as especifica??es da Associa??o Brasileira de Normas T?cnicas (ABNT) e do American Petroleum Institute (API). Os resultados obtidos nos ensaios foram satisfat?rios e verificou-se que as adi??es do Res?duo do Polimento do Porcelanato e da Poliuretana contribu?ram para redu??o da permeabilidade em pastas de cimento, possuem uma boa resist?ncia a compress?o e conseguem resistir a condi??es carbon?tica com 60 dias de exposi??o em ambiente supercr?tico. / The change in the energy matrix is still far from the current reality, then, the geological storage appears as an alternative against the Global Warming, adopting the technique of capturing CO2 and CH4 before their emission into the atmosphere. They stand out as gas storage environments: the mature and abandoned oil fields. However, there is the necessity to develop sustainable cement pastes for the wells cementation with low permeability, in order to minimize the emission of these gases into the atmosphere. These pastes were developed with the addition of filler from the porcelain polishing waste and Water-borne polyurethane in order to analyze theirs effect on the reduction of the permeability in cement pastes for oil wells. To identify the best behavior, permeability, axial compressive strength, stability, density and carbonation, experiments were performed according to the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) and the American Petroleum Institute (API) specifications. The results obtained in the tests were satisfactory and it was verified that the additions of the porcelain polish residue and the Polyurethane contributed to the reduction of the permeability in cement pastes, they have a good resistance to compression and they are able to withstand the carbonate conditions with 60 days of exposure in a supercritical environment.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T14:05:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanMartinsNeves_DISSERT.pdf: 2153659 bytes, checksum: 19b8e265b34574f2712c75f067e65296 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-07T15:28:10Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanMartinsNeves_DISSERT.pdf: 2153659 bytes, checksum: 19b8e265b34574f2712c75f067e65296 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T15:28:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AllanMartinsNeves_DISSERT.pdf: 2153659 bytes, checksum: 19b8e265b34574f2712c75f067e65296 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / O cen?rio atual da ind?stria do petr?leo envolve explorar e produzir reservas com desafios t?cnicos enormes. Desta forma, torna-se cada vez mais necess?rio o conhecimento dos mecanismos que impactam a produ??o do ?leo. Um exemplo disso s?o as novas descobertas no mar brasileiro, como o pr?-sal, composto por grandes acumula??es de ?leo leve, com alto valor comercial. Um fator determinante a ser considerado ? o tipo de rocha reservat?rio predominante na forma??o destas reservas, que s?o rochas carbon?ticas, principalmente o calc?rio, que em sua maioria apresenta molhabilidade favor?vel ao ?leo, fator que diminui a recupera??o do petr?leo. Assim, estudos v?m sendo desenvolvidos com esse tipo de rocha visando inverter sua molhabilidade e melhorar a produtividade. Uma maneira de melhorar essas condi??es no reservat?rio ? atrav?s dos m?todos qu?micos envolvendo tensoativos, que pela sua natureza anfif?lica, t?m a capacidade de se adsorver em interfaces e superf?cies de acordo com sua afinidade, diminuindo a energia livre interfacial, podendo inverter a molhabilidade da rocha, facilitando o fluxo de ?leo e assim, melhorando sua recupera??o. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar como diferentes tipos de tensoativos se adsorvem na rocha calc?ria, e se eram capazes de alterar sua molhabilidade. Para isso, foi utilizado o m?todo de banho finito para tr?s tensoativos: OCS (ani?nico), C16TAB (cati?nico) e ULTRANEX 110 (n?o i?nico), variando-se par?metros como a temperatura, a massa de adsorverte (calc?rio), tempo de contato e concentra??o de tensoativo. Tamb?m foram feitas an?lises de ?ngulo de contato para analisar a molhabilidade e de potencial zeta. O OCS foi o ?nico tensoativo que apresentou adsor??o significativa na rocha, possivelmente por apresentar ?ons opostamente carregados aos da rocha. O aumento da temperatura de 30?C para 50?C ocasionou decr?scimo na capacidade de adsor??o. O calc?rio in natura apresentou molhabilidade mista, com forte afinidade ao ?leo, que ap?s tratamento ocorreu diminui??o da molhabilidade ao ?leo, no entanto tamb?m diminuiu em rela??o ? ?gua. As medidas de potencial zeta mostraram que as atra??es eletrost?ticas desempenharam papel importante na adsor??o, obtendo-se maior valor em m?dulo para o OCS. / The current scenario of the oil industry involves exploring and producing reserves with big technical challenges, in this way, it becomes increasingly necessary to know the mechanisms that impact the oil production. An example of this is the new discoveries in the Brazilian sea, with the pre-salt, composed of large accumulations of high commercial value light oil. However, a determining factor to be considered is the type of reservoir rock predominant in the formation of its reserves. These rocks are composed almost of carbonates of calcium that form the carbonate rocks, mainly limestone, which in the majority of them are oil-wet, a factor that Decreases the recovery of oil. Thus, studies have been developed in this type of rock in order to reverse its wettability and improve productivity. One way of change the wettability of the reservoir is through the chemical methods involving surfactants, which by their amphiphilic nature have the ability to adsorb at interfaces and surfaces according to their affinity, reducing the free interfacial energy, which can reverse the wettability of the rock, facilitating the flow of oil and thus, improving its recovery. The objective of this work was to study how different types of surfactants adsorb in limestone, and if they were able to alter their wettability. For this, the finite bath method was used for three surfactants: OCS (anionic), C16TAB (cationic) and ULTRANEX 110 (nonionic), varying parameters such as temperature, adsorption mass (limestone), contact time and concentration of surfactant. Contact angle analysis was also performed to analyze wettability and zeta potential. OCS was the only surfactant that presented significant adsorption in the rock, possibly due to the presence of electrically charged ions. The increase in temperature from 30 ? C to 50 ? C caused a decrease in the adsorption capacity. The limestone in natura presented mixed wettability, with strong affinity to the oil, after treatment the wettability decreased to oil, however it also decreased in relation to water. The measurements of zeta potential showed that the eletrostatic attractions played an important role in the adsorption, obtaining greater value in the module for the OCS.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-08-01T14:05:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanPiresDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4838615 bytes, checksum: 6a4a4de336f3ed012ff9d79a80113a5c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-08-07T15:40:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanPiresDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4838615 bytes, checksum: 6a4a4de336f3ed012ff9d79a80113a5c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-07T15:40:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenanPiresDeAraujo_DISSERT.pdf: 4838615 bytes, checksum: 6a4a4de336f3ed012ff9d79a80113a5c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-22 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A passagem de um PIG ? uma t?cnica bastante empregada na inspe??o de dutos de longo comprimento e principalmente enterrados, valendo-se do diferencial de press?o sobre o mesmo para impulsion?-lo. Por?m, durante a inspe??o, um dos problemas que pode ocorrer ? a parada do PIG por causa de incrusta??es severas ou defeitos de fabrica??o/instala??o dos dutos, fazendo com que o instrumento pare e sua posterior libera??o com altas velocidades devido ao ac?mulo de press?o ? montante. Este trabalho prop?e o uso de redes neurais artificiais a fim de modelar a rela??o entre o diferencial de press?o sobre o PIG e sua velocidade durante o seu trajeto no interior do duto. Para tanto, foi empregado um sistema supervis?rio para a captura dos dados de press?o ao longo da tubula??o de teste e um od?metro acoplado ao PIG para a dos dados de velocidade. Foram considerados dois modelos de redes neurais artificiais, no caso a rede MLP e a rede NARX, sendo esta ?ltima uma rede recursiva. Os resultados de treinamento e valida??o mostraram que os modelos por redes neurais artificiais foram eficientes para estimar a velocidade do PIG. / The passage of a PIG is a technique quite used in inspection of big length and principally buried pipes using the pressure differential on it to impulse itself. But, during the inspection, one of the problems that may occur is the stop of the PIG because of severe incrustations or fabrication/installation defects of the pipes, doing the halt of the instrument and its posterior release with high velocities due to the accumulate of pressure at back part. This work purpose the use of neural networks in order to model the relation between the differential pressure on the PIG and its velocity during your path in the tube. Therefore, it was used a supervisory system to capture the pressure data along the test pipe and an odometer coupled to the PIG for the velocity data. It was considered two neural network models, in the case the MLP and NARX networks, the latter being a recurrent network. The training and validation results showed that the models by neural networks were efficient to estimate the velocity of the PIG.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:25:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroGustavoPauloGalvao_DISSERT.pdf: 2667387 bytes, checksum: 5bf60c0285a5be566d4b19dddc68fd68 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T21:41:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroGustavoPauloGalvao_DISSERT.pdf: 2667387 bytes, checksum: 5bf60c0285a5be566d4b19dddc68fd68 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T21:41:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlvaroGustavoPauloGalvao_DISSERT.pdf: 2667387 bytes, checksum: 5bf60c0285a5be566d4b19dddc68fd68 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Enxofre ? o terceiro elemento mais abundante no petr?leo e ? considerado um dos principais contaminantes presentes nessa matriz, podendo ocorrer nas formas de sulfetos, tiofenos, mol?culas polic?clicas contendo oxig?nio e nitrog?nio etc. Podem provocar corros?o, envenenamento de catalisadores automotivos e de processos do refino. Na queima dos combust?veis, quando presentes, d?o origem aos ?xidos SOX, que contribuem com a forma??o da chuva ?cida, acidez do solo e problemas respirat?rios na popula??o. Logo, a determina??o de enxofre ? de primordial interesse tanto para a ind?stria petroqu?mica quanto na ?rea da qu?mica anal?tica. Diante dessa conjuntura, ? proposto neste trabalho o desenvolvimento de um procedimento de preparo de amostras de petr?leo para determina??o por Cromatografia de ?ons (IC) do teor de enxofre como sulfato (SO4 2-). Para tal, a decomposi??o por via ?mida em sistema fechado assistida por radia??o micro-ondas, auxiliada pela a??o oxidativa de H2O2, foi o procedimento adotado, onde a temperatura e pot?ncia m?xima de 230 ?C e 1000 W, respectivamente, foram utilizadas no programa de aquecimento. Seis amostras de petr?leo (?API entre 18,75-25,17) foram analisadas, sendo as concentra??es m?dias de enxofre obtidas entre 377,50 e 3321,74 mg Kg-1, com DP entre ? 1,02 e ? 9,56. Para efeitos da avalia??o dos resultados obtidos, realizou-se a determina??o do teor de enxofre nas amostras em estudo utilizando a t?cnica UVF, fundamentada na norma oficial ASTM D5453-12, onde correla??es entre 85,43 e 106,43% foram alcan?adas, evidenciando a efici?ncia do m?todo proposto na convers?o das esp?cies de enxofre contidas nas amostras a sulfato e sua determina??o por IC. A efici?ncia do procedimento de decomposi??o adotado foi testada atrav?s do RCC% e do EOMD%, sendo alcan?ados teores entre 6,72 e 15,73% e 85,85 e 94,14%, respectivamente, demonstrando a efici?ncia do procedimento de decomposi??o utilizado. / Sulfur is the third most abundant element in petroleum and is considered one of the main contaminants present in this matrix, and may occur in the forms of sulfides, thiophenes, polycyclic molecules containing oxygen and nitrogen etc. They can cause corrosion, poisoning of catalysts used in refining and in automobiles. In fuel combustion, when present, they give rise to SOX oxides, which contribute to the formation of acid rain, soil acidity and respiratory problems in the population. Therefore, the determination of sulfur is of primary interest for the petrochemical industry as well as for analytical chemistry. Considering this situation, it is proposed the development of a procedure for the preparation of petroleum samples for the determination of the sulfur content of sulfur (SO4 2-) by Ion Chromatography (IC). For this, the wet decomposition assisted by microwave radiation, assisted by the oxidative action of H2O2, was the adopted procedure, where the maximum temperature and power of 230 ?C and 1000 W, respectively, were used in the program of heating. Six petroleum samples (?API between 18.75-5.17) were analyzed, with the mean concentrations of sulfur being between 377.50 and 3321.74 mg Kg-1, with a standard deviation between ? 1.02 and ? 9.56. For the purposes of the evaluation of the obtained results, the sulfur content in the samples under study was evaluated using the UVF technique, based on the official standard ASTM D 5453-12, where correlations between 85.43 and 106.43% were reached, evidencing the efficiency of the method proposed in the conversion of the sulfur species contained in the samples to sulfate and its determination by IC. The efficiency of the adopted decomposition procedure was tested using RCC% and EDMO%, with levels between 6.72 and 15.73% and 85.85 and 94.14% being respectively achieved, demonstrating the efficiency of the decomposition procedure used.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:25:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnobioSilvaDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 5771102 bytes, checksum: 83f601b7701ab9229184a97dbff2ea8e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T21:57:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnobioSilvaDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 5771102 bytes, checksum: 83f601b7701ab9229184a97dbff2ea8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T21:57:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ArnobioSilvaDeSouza_DISSERT.pdf: 5771102 bytes, checksum: 83f601b7701ab9229184a97dbff2ea8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-07-03 / Os dep?sitos silicicl?sticos da Forma??o Tombador, unidade basal do Grupo Chapada Diamantina, de idade mesoproteroz?ica, ocorrem numa faixa aproximadamente Norte-Sul ao longo da Serra do Sincor?, por??o central do Cr?ton S?o Francisco (CSF), Nordeste do Brasil. Esses dep?sitos s?o constitu?dos por uma espessa sequ?ncia de rochas silicicl?sticas. Realizou-se um estudo petrogr?fico e petrol?gico de se??es delgadas de rochas aflorantes da Fm. Tombador, juntamente com o aux?lio de t?cnicas especiais como a Fluoresc?ncia de Raios X (FRX), Difratometria de Raios X (DRX), Espectroscopia de Raios X por Dispers?o de Energia (EDS) e Microscopia Eletr?nica de Varredura (MEV). Com base nas an?lises, verificou-se que essas rochas s?o constitu?das predominantemente por metarenitos. Os seguintes eventos diagen?ticos foram identificados: infiltra??o mec?nica de argilas, compacta??o mec?nica, compacta??o qu?mica, sobrecrescimento de quartzo, sobrecrescimento de turmalina, fraturamento de gr?os, precipita??o de ?xido/hidr?xidos de ferro, dissolu??o de gr?os, cauliniza??o e ilitiza??o. Foram identificados atrav?s da FRX em amostra total, os seguintes elementos qu?micos em ordem decrescente, sil?cio (Si), alum?nio (Al), pot?ssio (K), ferro (Fe), magn?sio (Mg), tit?nio (Ti), zirc?nio (Zr), estr?ncio (Sr) e ?trio (Y). A alta concentra??o do sil?cio (Si), acima de 90% ? decorrente da abund?ncia do quartzo (Q95F3FR2, segundo Folk, 1974), sendo importante indicador da alta maturidade mineral?gica das rochas estudadas. Atrav?s da t?cnica de DRX, foram identificados os seguintes grupos de argilominerais: ilita, caulinita, esmectita e interestratificados de ilita/esmectita. Embora as caracter?sticas das amostras reflitam as condi??es pret?ritas de ambientes diagen?ticos, as medidas do ?ndice de cristalinidade da ilita ou ??ndice de Kubler? (KI), e a presen?a do mineral pirofilita s?o suficientes para demonstrar que as rochas da ?rea de estudo foram afetadas pelo anquimetamorfismo, indicativo da transi??o entre a f?cies prehnita-pumpelita superior e a f?cies xisto verde inferior, e que as condi??es de soterramento atingiram a profundidade da ordem de 10-12 km e temperaturas da ordem de ?300 0C. A ocorr?ncia de determinados argilominerais (ilita, caulinita e esmectita), o alto teor de quartzo, os baixos teores de feldspato e fragmentos de rochas est?o diretamente relacionado aos sistemas deposicionais, mostrando que a composi??o do arcabou?o ? diretamente respons?vel pela evolu??o diagen?tica dessas rochas. / The siliciclastic deposits of the Tombador Formation, basal unit of the Chapada Diamantina Group, of mesoproterozoic age, occur in a north-south range along the Serra do Sincor?, central portion of the S?o Francisco Craton (CSF), Northeast Brazil. These deposits consist of a thick sequence of siliciclastic rocks. A petrographic and petrological study of thin sections of outcropping rocks of Fm. Tombador was carried out, along with the help of special techniques such as X-Ray Fluorescence (FRX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), X-ray Spectroscopy by Energy Dispersion (EDS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Based on the analyzes, it was verified that these rocks are constituted predominantly by meta-sandstones. The following diagenetic events were identified: mechanical infiltration of clays, mechanical compaction, chemical compaction, quartz overgrowth, tourmaline overgrowth, grain fracturing, iron oxide/hydroxide precipitation, grain dissolution, kaolinization, ilitization and mineral pyrophyllite that reflects the transition stages between diagenesis and anchemimorphism. The following chemical elements in descending order, Si, Al, K, Fe, Mg, Ti, Zr, Sr and Y were identified by X - ray fluorescence in total sample, with values above 85%, together with the high amount of Quartz (Q95F3FR2, according to Folk, 1974), indicate the high mineralogical maturity of these rocks. Through the XRD technique, the following groups of clay minerals were identified: illite, kaolinite, smectite, interstratified of illite/smectite and the mineral pyrophyllite. Although the characteristics of the samples reflect the previous conditions of diagenetic environments, measurements of the illite crystallinity index or "Kubler Index" (KI), and the presence of the mineral pyrophyllite are sufficient to demonstrate that the rocks of the study area were affected by anchemimorphism, indicative of the transition between the prehnita-pumpellyite facies and the below greenschist facies, and that burial conditions reached a depth of the order of 10-12 km and temperatures in the order of ? 300 ? C. The occurrence of certain clay minerals is directly related to the depositional system, showing that the composition of the framework are directly responsible for the diagenetic evolution of these rocks.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-09-05T19:25:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 YasminMariaDaSilvaMenezes_DISSERT.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 5c6db423bd821ce4e4f3aaaa1ff9090b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-09-13T23:40:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 YasminMariaDaSilvaMenezes_DISSERT.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 5c6db423bd821ce4e4f3aaaa1ff9090b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-13T23:40:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 YasminMariaDaSilvaMenezes_DISSERT.pdf: 1903091 bytes, checksum: 5c6db423bd821ce4e4f3aaaa1ff9090b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-30 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A ?gua produzida ? o maior volume de descarte de l?quidos gerados durante a produ??o e processamento de petr?leo e g?s natural e, a sua composi??o pode conter v?rios compostos t?xicos naturais, dentre eles t?m-se os hidrocarbonetos polic?clicos arom?ticos (HPA), cuja presen?a causa efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente. O presente trabalho realizou um estudo sobre a remo??o de 15 HPA em ?gua produzida utilizando sistema microemulsionado. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um diagrama de fases pseudotern?rio constitu?do por ?gua produzida enriquecida com HPA, como fase aquosa (FA), n-hexano como fase oleosa (FO) e n-butanol e CTAB como cotensoativo (C) e tensoativo (T), respectivamente, a uma raz?o C/T = 4. A partir da constru??o do diagrama foi escolhido um ponto com uma alta porcentagem de FA para testar o tratamento, na regi?o de interesse, Winsor II (WII). Esse ponto (90% FA, 5% FO e 5% C/T) foi avaliado de duas maneiras: utilizando um precursor da forma??o de microemuls?o, utilizando como FA a ?gua produzida obtida e a mat?ria ativa (C/T) para a obten??o da microemuls?o formada nesse ponto, e a pr?pria microemuls?o obtida nesse ponto. A avalia??o qualitativa, realizada por meio de espectroscopia de fluoresc?ncia, mostrou que houve tratamento da ?gua produzida para ambos os m?todos, por?m, a avalia??o quantitativa, realizada por meio de cromatografia l?quida de alta efici?ncia com detector de fluoresc?ncia (HPLC-FLD), mostrou que a extra??o utilizando a microemuls?o foi mais eficiente. Com isso, foi realizado um planejamento experimental simplex centr?ide para que o estudo da influ?ncia das fases fosse mensurado e, assim, fosse poss?vel identificar o ponto ?timo de extra??o. As amostras foram analisadas por HPLC-FLD e seus resultados mostraram que cada HPA apresentou uma superf?cie de resposta diferente, por?m todos apresentaram um m?ximo de extra??o no ponto de microemuls?o com a composi??o 90% FA, 5% FO e 5% C/T. Esse resultado mostra que essa t?cnica ? promissora para o tratamento da ?gua produzida na remo??o de HPA, constituindo-se em uma alternativa para o tratamento desse rejeito. / Produced water is the largest volume of disposal fluids generated during the production and processing of petroleum and natural gas and its composition can contain several toxic compounds, among them are the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), whose presence causes harmful effects to the environment. This paper discusses a study on the removal of 15 PAH in produced water using a microemulsion system. For this, it was developed a pseudo-ternary phase diagram consisting of produced water enriched with PAH, as the aqueous phase (AP), n-hexane as oily phase (OP) and n-butanol and CTAB as cosurfactant (C) and surfactant (T), respectively, to a right C/T = 4. From the diagram's construction was chosen a spot with a high percentage of AP to test the treatment in the region of interest, Winsor II (WII). This spot (90% AP, 5%C/T and 5% OP) was evaluated in two ways: using a precursor of microemulsion formation only with the AP and the active matter and microemulsion formed at that point, by adding the OP. The qualitative assessment, carried out by means of fluorescence spectroscopy, showed that there was water treatment for both methods, however, the quantitative assessment, carried out by means of high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD), showed that extraction using microemulsion was more efficient. With that, it was performed an simplex centroid experimental planning for the study of the influence of the phases and, thus, it was possible to identify the best point of extraction. The samples were analyzed by HPLC-FLD and its results showed that each PAH presented a different response surface, but all of them showed a maximum extraction at the point with microemulsion composition of 90% AP, 5% C/T and 5% OP. This result shows that this technique is promising for the treatment of produced water in removing HPA, constituting an alternative to the treatment of this reject.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-10-18T20:55:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaSilvaDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 7724262 bytes, checksum: 1573374713f93bc372abbdeab168c27b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-10-24T00:12:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaSilvaDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 7724262 bytes, checksum: 1573374713f93bc372abbdeab168c27b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-24T00:12:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaSilvaDeSousa_TESE.pdf: 7724262 bytes, checksum: 1573374713f93bc372abbdeab168c27b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-28 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / A plataforma continental adjacente a cidade de Areia Branca no estado do Rio Grande do Norte possui diferentes formas de fundo marinho, incluindo o vale inciso Apodi-Mossor?. O interesse de caracterizar esta fei??o se deu por ela abrigar as instala??es do terminal salineiro de Areia Branca, mais conhecido como Porto Ilha de Areia Branca, que se constitui hoje no ?nico meio economicamente vi?vel de escoamento de grandes volumes de sal do Estado para as ind?strias qu?micas do pa?s e pelas indica??es que esta ?rea pode fornecer sobre varia??es morfol?gicas, assim como a possibilidade de espalhar e abrigar quantidades de hidrocarbonetos no c?nion submerso em caso de vazamentos acidentais de ?leo devido ao intenso tr?fego de navios de grande porte para o embarque e desembarque de sal na regi?o. De acordo com essa realidade o principal objetivo desta tese foi a detec??o da batimetria submersa do C?nion Apodi-Mossor? utilizando dados ?in situ? e geotecnologias multifontes, incluindo ferramentas do Sensoriamento Remoto para a estima??o de batimetria a partir de imagens de sat?lite Landsat 7 ETM+ (2014) e Landsat 8 OLI (2015). A metodologia utilizada incluiu o uso de cartas n?uticas, dados batim?tricos, interpola??o dos dados por Krigagem e Vizinho Natural e a integra??o de imagens de sat?lite. Estatisticamente houve diferen?as entre os dois m?todos interpoladores usados, a Krigagem revelou uma associa??o linear positiva e superestima??o dos dados de Batimetria in situ com os dados da Carta n?utica, e uma associa??o inversa e subestima??o de dados pelo m?todo Vizinho Natural, por?m ambos apresentaram mapas batim?tricos com bons contornos visuais. Os resultados obtidos a partir dos mapas batim?tricos indicaram que o vale inciso Apodi-Mossor? sofreu uma constante remobiliza??o de sedimentos, evidenciando ?reas com menores profundidades para a navega??o de 2009 para 2010, incluindo a bacia de evolu??o do Porto Ilha e trechos de navega??o principal, necessitando assim de dragagens peri?dicas para evitar a colis?o e encalhe dos navios. A aquisi??o, processamento, integra??o e interpreta??o das imagens de sat?lite correlacionados com os mapas de morfologia de fundo possibilitaram confirmar que o vale inciso Apodi-Mossor? possui uma forma de letra "J", na sa?da ao norte, faz uma inflex?o para Leste, devido um gradiente submerso bastante evidente no mapa. Entre a plataforma m?dia e interna foi poss?vel observar diferentes formas de fundo, incluindo fundo plano, recifes isolados e campo de dunas submersas, sendo formado tamb?m por dois canais, denominados de canal raso e canal profundo, que apresentam caracter?sticas morfol?gicas e sedimentol?gicas distintas. E finalmente, observou-se que o uso de dados para estima??o de batimetria por imagem Landsat tem v?rias vantagens, neste estudo o sensor ETM+ forneceu uma cobertura bidimensional cont?nua melhor que a do sensor OLI, e a aplica??o deste m?todo, de f?cil execu??o, pode ser de grande valia para regi?es onde n?o existem dados batim?tricos ou estes estejam desatualizados, ou mesmo sem a acur?cia das cartas n?uticas, mapas como os gerados neste trabalho s?o de utilidade tanto para o planejamento de estudos e para a modelagem ambiental, quanto para a seguran?a da navega??o de embarca??es de grande porte. / The continental shelf adjacent to the city of Areia Branca in the state of Rio Grande do Norte has different forms of seabed, including the incised valleys of Apodi-Mossor?. The interest to characterize this feature was given by to host the facilities of the salt terminal of Areia Branca, known as Harbor Island of Areia Branca, which today constitutes the only way economically viable for send flow of large volumes of salt for chemical industries of country and indications that this area can provide on morphological variations and as wel as the possibility of spreading and shelter of quantities of hydrocarbons in the submerged canyon in case of accidental oil spills due to traffic of large ships for loading and unloading salt in the area. According to this fact the overall objective of this thesis was the detection of submerged bathymetry of the Canyon Apodi- Mossor? using data "in situ" and geotechnology multi-sources, including remote sensing tools for estimating bathymetry from Landsat satellite images with sensors ETM + (2014) and OLI (2015). The methodology included the use of nautical charts, bathymetric data, data interpolation by kriging and Natural Neighbor and integration of satellite images. Statistically there were differences between the two used interpolation methods, the Kriging revealed a positive linear association and overestimation of data Bathymetric situ with data from the Nautical Chart, and an inverse association and underestimation of data by the Natural Neighbor method, but both showed bathymetric maps with good visual contours. The results obtained from bathymetric maps indicated that the incised valleys Apodi-Mossor? suffered a constant remobilization of sediment, showing areas with shallower depths for the 2009 navigation for 2010, including the evolution basin of the Island Port and main navigation sections, thus requiring periodic dredging to avoid collision and stranding of ships. The acquisition, processing, integration and interpretation of satellite images correlated with the bottom morphology map allowed to confirm that the incised valleys Apodi-Mossor? has a form letter "J" at the exit to the north, and a shift eastwards due a submerged gradient quite evident on the map. Between the middle and inner platform was possible to observe different background shapes including flat bottom, isolated reefs and submerged field of dunes, the results also indicate that the incised valleys are formed by two channels, called shallow channel and deep channel, which have distinct morphological and sedimentological characteristics. And finally, it was observed that the use of data for bathymetry estimation Landsat has several advantages, in this study the ETM + sensor provided a better continuous twodimensional coverage that the OLI sensor, and the application of this method, easy to perform, can be of great value for regions where there are no bathymetric data or they are outdated, or even without the accuracy of nautical charts, maps such as those generated in this study are useful both for planning studies and environmental modeling and as well as for security to the navigation of large ships.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / O deslocamento dos fluÃdos presentes no poÃo atà a superfÃcie à ocasionado, principalmente, pela injeÃÃo da Ãgua do mar nessas unidades produtoras de petrÃleo. Entretanto, tal processo induz a formaÃÃo de incrustaÃÃes, uma vez que a mistura da Ãgua salina com a Ãgua conata presente no poÃo ocasiona a formaÃÃo de sais insolÃveis. A fim de reduzir os danos causados por essa deposiÃÃo de sais emprega-se a tÃcnica squeeze de injeÃÃo de inibidor de incrustaÃÃo, a partir da qual ocorre a retenÃÃo de um anti-incrustante na superfÃcie da formaÃÃo rochosa inibindo a formaÃÃo dos cristais. O presente estudo visou compreender o mecanismo de retenÃÃo de um inibidor em uma rocha caracterÃstica do prÃ-sal e para tanto, foram realizados estudos fundamentais em batelada empregando uma rocha testemunho calcÃtica desagregada (IL) e os principais minerais que ocorrem nas formaÃÃes (calcita e quartzo) e como inibidor de incrustaÃÃo, o Ãcido nitrilotrismetilfosfÃnico (ATMP). Foram levantadas isotermas de adsorÃÃo/dessorÃÃo de N2 e ensaios de DRX para caracterizaÃÃo dos materiais utilizados para retenÃÃo do inibidor. Os experimentos em batelada foram conduzidos sob diferentes condiÃÃes de operaÃÃo em um banho termostÃtico. Foi avaliada a influÃncia da temperatura, presenÃa de um tensoativo, granulometria, adiÃÃo dos cÃtions Ca2+ e Mg2+ e tempo de contato. A concentraÃÃo de inibidor foi determinada a partir da anÃlise da quantidade de fÃsforo em soluÃÃo empregando-se a tÃcnica de Espectroscopia de EmissÃo Ãtica com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP-OES). Os resultados obtidos nos levaram a concluir que a retenÃÃo do ATMP na rocha testemunho à controlada pela precipitaÃÃo desse inibidor; o aumento da temperatura resulta em um gradual acrÃscimo na quantidade de inibidor retida e a adiÃÃo do tensoativo Igepal nÃo ocasiona bruscas variaÃÃes nessa retenÃÃo. / The movement of fluids present in the well moving to surface is caused mainly by the injection of sea water in these petroleum units producing. However, this process induce to scale formation, since the mixing of saline water with the water present in the well leads to formation of insoluble salts. In order to reduce the damage caused by the deposition of these salts employs the squeeze technique of scale inhibitor injection, from which occurs the retention of an anti-fouling on the surface of rock formation by inhibiting the formation of crystals. The present work had as main objective to understand the mechanism of retention of an inhibitor in a characteristic rock of the pre-salt. Therefore, fundamental studies of batch were performed employing a witness rock calcite disaggregated (IL), the main minerals that occur in the formations (calcite and quartz) and as scale inhibitor, the nitrilotrismetylenephosphonic acid (NTMP). It was raised isotherm adsorption/desorption of N2 and XRD characterization of materials used for retention of the inhibitor. The batch experiments were conducted under different operating conditions in a thermostatic bath. Evaluated the influence of temperature, the presence of a surfactant, particle size, addition of cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ and contact time. The inhibitor concentration was determined by analyzing of the amount of phosphorus in solution employing the technique Optical Emission Spectroscopy Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-OES). The results led us to conclude that the retention of NTMP in the rock record is controlled by the precipitation of inhibitor; increasing the temperature results in a gradual increase in the amount of trapped inhibitor and the addition of the surfactant Igepal does not cause abrupt variations this retention.