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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Avaliação da suplementação parenteral de cobre e zinco em vacas e bezerros Nelore / Evaluation of copper and zinc parental supplementation on Nelore cows and calves

Janaína Silveira da Silva 06 February 2015 (has links)
O presente estudo avaliou o efeito da suplementação mineral injetável de cobre (Cu) e zinco (Zn) sobre a resposta imunológica e o desempenho de bovinos de corte a pasto, foram avaliadas vacas no período pré-parto (experimento I) e seus bezerros até pós desmama (experimento II). O experimento foi realizado na Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da USP, Campus de Pirassununga-SP. No experimento I, foram avaliadas sessenta vacas prenhas por inseminação, distribuídas aleatoriamente em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (T e S). No tratamento testemunha (T), as vacas receberam soro fisiológico como placebo, e no tratamento suplementado (S) receberam mineral injetável via subcutânea (75 mg de cobre e 250 mg de zinco), com aproximadamente 75 dias antes do parto. Foram avaliados os teores de Cu e Zn séricos, IgG e IgM, ceruloplasmina e a atividade fagocitária. Os dados experimentais foram analisados utilizando-se o PROC MIXED do SAS (SAS, 2009), com o nível de significância de 5% para interpretação estatística de todos os testes. Os teores de cobre, zinco, IgM, IgG, ceruloplasmina e a atividade fagocitária das vacas não apresentaram diferença (p>0,05) entre os tratamentos. Da mesma forma, não houve influencia (p>0,05) das vacas nos teores de Cu e Zn séricos, na resposta imunológica e no desempenho dos bezerros aos 70 dias de idade (primeira coleta de sangue). O fornecimento de Cu e Zn injetável aos 75 dias antes do parto não alterou os teores de zinco, cobre e ceruloplasmina sérica, bem como a resposta imunológica até 30 dias após o parto. Como não houve diferença significativa entre as mães, foi considerado que os bezerros eram provenientes de vacas homogêneas. Assim, no experimento II, cinquenta e quatro bezerros filhos destas vacas, foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em 2 tratamentos: (T) - bezerros não suplementados, que receberam soro fisiológico como placebo; (S) - bezerros suplementados com cobre (15 mg aos 70 dias, 45 mg aos 140 dias e 60 mg aos 210 dias) e zinco (50 mg aos 70 dias, 150 mg aos 140 dias e 200 mg aos 210 dias). Foram realizadas colheitas de sangue com aproximadamente 70, 140, 170, 210 e 240 dias de idade, para avaliação dos teores de Cu e Zn sérico, ceruloplasmina, IgG e IgM e a atividade fagocitária. A suplementação parenteral de Cu e Zn aos 70, 140 e 210 dias não alteraram (p>0,05) os teores de Cu e Zn séricos, a resposta imunológica, o desempenho, a atividade da enzima superóxido dismutase e a atividade fagocitária de bezerros Nelore. A falta de resposta ao suplemento mineral injetável deveu-se possivelmente ao fato dos bezerros já estarem recebendo as quantidades adequadas de cobre e de zinco nas suas dietas. / This study evaluated the effect of injectable Cu and Zn on the immune response and performance of beef cattle on pasture, cows were evaluated in the antepartum period (experiment I) and their calves to post weaning (experiment II). The experiment was perfomed at the Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Campus Pirassununga. In experiment I, sixty pregnant Nelore cows by insemination were divided in a completely randomized design in two treatments. In the control treatment (T), the 30 cows received saline as placebo, the supplemented (S) received mineral injection subcutaneously (75 mg of copper and 250 mg of zinc), 75 days prior to parturition, when also received clostridiosis vaccine. It were evaluated the serum levels of Cu and Zn, IgG, and IgM, ceruloplasmin, SOD and phagocytic activity. Experimental data were analyzed using PROC MIXED of SAS (SAS, 2009), with 5% significance level for statistical interpretation of all tests. The levels of copper, zinc, IgM, IgG, ceruloplasmin and the phagocytic activity of the cows had no statistical difference (p>0.05) between treatments. Similarly, there wasn\'t influence (p>0.05) of cows for Cu and Zn serum, immune response and performance of calves at 70 days of age (first blood sample). The supply of Cu and Zn injection at 75 days before delivery did not change the levels of zinc, copper and serum ceruloplasmin and the immune response 30 days after delivery. Since there was no significant difference between the mothers, it was considered that the calves were from homogeneous cows. In experiment II, fifty four calves born from these cows were distributed completely randomized design with 2 treatments: (T) - calves not supplemented that receive solution saline as placebo and (S) - calves supplemented with injectable mineral applied subcutaneously containing copper (15 mg at 70 days, 45 mg at 140 days and 60 mg at 210 days) and zinc (50 mg at 70 days, 150 mg at 140 days and 200 mg at 210 days. Blood samples were realized with approximately 70, 140, 170, 210 and 240 days of age. Were assessed levels of serum Cu and Zn, ceruloplasmin, IgG and IgM and the phagocytic activity. Parenteral supplementation of Cu and Zn at 70, 140 and 210 days didn\'t alter (p>0.05) the contents of Cu and Zn serum, the immune response, performance, activity of superoxide dismutase and the phagocytic activity of Nelore calves. The lack of response to injectable mineral supplement possibly was due to the fact that the calves were already taking adequate amounts of copper and zinc in their diets.
12

Biofeedback-Assisted Relaxation: Effects on Phagocytic Immune Functioning

Peavey, Barbara Suzanne 12 1900 (has links)
Life events and one's ability to adapt to these events has significant effects on immune functioning. Immunosuppression has been related to a high magnitude of life stress and low adaptive ability. While studies have explored immune response in stressed individuals, no study has approached the area of prevention with low-immunity individuals. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether subjects who self-report stressful lives have lower immunity, and whether "low" immunity subjects under "high" stress could enhance phagocytic activity through biofeedback-assisted relaxation.
13

The Effect of Hypothalamic Stimulation on the Phagocytic Activity of the Reticuloendothelial System

Lambert, Paul Louis 12 1900 (has links)
Although research has linked the central nervous system with changes in immunoresponsivity, research on the possible role of the central nervous system in altering reticuloendothelial activity is lacking. This study investigated the possible relationship between hypothalamic structures and changes in responsivity of the reticuloendothelial system. Eight male albino rats received bilateral electrode implants in the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus and, following brain stimulation, reticuloendothelial activity was assessed 3, 6, 12, 24, and 96 hours after stimulation. Brain stimulation decreased phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system. These findings may increase our understanding of a possible neural mechanism underlying relationships between stress and resistance to disease states.
14

Avaliação funcional dos fagócitos sanguíneos e lácteos de vacas naturalmente infectadas pelo vírus da leucose dos bovinos / Functional evaluation of blood and milk phagocytes of cows naturally infected by bovine leukosis virus

Blagitz, Maiara Garcia 31 January 2011 (has links)
O vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina (VLEB) pode interferir na proporção e na funcionalidade dos linfócitos B e das demais células sanguíneas. Acreditando-se que essas alterações pudessem interferir nos mecanismos de defesa da glândula mamária, o presente estudo avaliou funcionalmente os fagócitos sanguíneos e lácteos de vacas naturalmente infectadas pelo VLEB, por meio da expressão de diferentes receptores de superfície celular de fagócitos e linfócitos; da morte celular dos fagócitos e do linfócito B; pelo potencial de fagocitose e produção intracelular de peróxido de hidrogênio pelas células CD14+ e CH138+. Foram selecionadas nove vacas negativas para a LEB (grupo negativo), dez positivas sem linfocitose (grupo AL) e seis positivas com linfocitose persistente (grupo LP). Independente do perfil hematológico das vacas positivas para a LEB, nas amostras de sangue foram observadas menor expressão de células mononucleares CD14+, de linfócitos T (CD3+) e de linfócitos B CD21+ CD11b+ e maior expressão de linfócitos B (CD21+). As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores quantidades de linfócitos T auxiliares (CD3+ CD4+) e de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5- CD11b- e maiores quantidades de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5+ CD11b+. Menores quantidades de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5+ foram observados nas vacas do grupo AL do que nas vacas do grupo negativo. As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores índices de fagocitose por Escherichia coli pelas células mononucleares CD14+, menor produção de peróxido de hidrogênio e menores índices de fagocitose por Staphylococcus aureus pelas células polimorfonucleares CH138+. As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores índices de necrose, de apoptose e/ou necrose e maior viabilidade das células mononucleares CD14+, das células polimorfonucleares CH138+ e dos linfócitos B (CD21+). Apenas os linfócitos B (CD21+) das vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores índices de morte por apoptose, e as células mononucleares CD14+ das vacas do grupo AL manifestaram maiores índices de apoptose e/ou necrose do que as vacas negativas. Independente do perfil hematológico das vacas, nas amostras de leite foram observadas maiores quantidades de macrófagos e maiores expressões de linfócitos T (CD3+) e de linfócitos B (CD21+). As vacas do grupo AL apresentaram maior quantidade de linfócitos B (CD21+) do que as vacas negativas. As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores quantidades de linfócitos T citotóxicos (CD3+ CD8+), de linfócitos B CD21+ CD11b+ e de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5+ CD11b+ e maior quantidade de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5- CD11b-. As vacas do grupo AL apresentaram menores índices de fagocitose por Escherichia coli pelos macrófagos CD14+ e pelos leucócitos CH138+ e as vacas do grupo LP apresentaram maior produção de peróxido de hidrogênio intracelular. As vacas positivas para LEB apresentaram maiores índices de morte por necrose dos macrófagos CD14+ e dos linfócitos B (CD21+) e menores índices de morte por apoptose dos macrófagos CD14+, dos leucócitos CH138+ e dos linfócitos B (CD21+). Estas vacas também apresentaram maior viabilidade dos macrófagos CD14+ e dos leucócitos CH138+. As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram maiores índices de apoptose e/ou necrose dos macrófagos CD14+, de necrose de leucócitos CH138+ e de viabilidade de linfócitos B (CD21+). Resultados permitem concluir que a o VLEB altera a resposta imune da glândula mamária. / The enzootic bovine leukemia virus (BLV) can influence the amount of lymphocytes B and other blood cells and their functions. Believing that these changes could interfere in the defense mechanisms of the mammary gland, this study evaluated blood and milk phagocytes functions from cows naturally infected VLEB through the expression of different cell surface receptors of phagocytes and lymphocytes; from death cell of phagocytes and B lymphocytes; the phagocytosis and intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by CD14+ and CH138+ cells. We chose nine cows negative for the LEB (negative group), ten positive without lymphocytosis (LA group) and six positive with persistent lymphocytosis (LP group). In blood samples of positive cows for BLV, it was observed smaller expression of CD14+ mononuclear, T lymphocytes (CD3+) and CD21+ CD11b+ B lymphocytes, along with increased expression of B lymphocytes (CD21+). Cows of the LP group had lower amounts of T helper lymphocytes (CD3+ CD4+) and CD21+ CD5- CD11b- B lymphocytes and higher amounts of CD21+ CD5+ CD11b+ B lymphocytes. In cows of AL group it was observed lower amounts of CD21+ CD5+ B lymphocytes than in cows of negative group. Cows of LP group had lower rates of Escherichia coli phagocytosis by CD14+ mononuclear cells, lower intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide and lower rates of phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by CH138+ polymorphonuclear cells. Cows of LP group showed less necrosis, apoptosis and/or necrosis and increased viability of CD14+ mononuclear cells, CH138+ polymorphonuclear cells and B lymphocytes (CD21+). Only the B-lymphocytes (CD21+) of the cows in the LP group showed less apoptosis, and CD14 + mononuclear cells from cows in the AL group showed higher rates of apoptosis and/or necrosis than the ones from negative cows. In the milk sample, the positive cows showed higher amounts of macrophages and increased expression of T lymphocytes (CD3+) and B lymphocytes (CD21+). Cows of AL group showed a higher amount of B lymphocytes (CD21+) than negative cows. Cows of LP group had lower amounts of T cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD3+, CD8+), CD21+ CD11b+ B lymphocytes and CD21+, CD5+, CD11b+, B lymphocytes and increased amount of CD21 + CD5- CD11b- B lymphocytes. Cows of the AL group had lower rates of Escherichia coli phagocytosis by CD14+ macrophages and CH138+ leukocytes and cows of group LP had higher production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide. The positive cows for LEB had higher rates of death by necrosis of CD14+ macrophages and B lymphocytes (CD21+) and lower rates of apoptosis of CD14+ macrophages, CH138+ leukocytes and B lymphocytes (CD21+). These cows also had higher viability of CD14+ macrophages and CH138+ leukocytes. Cows on the LP group had higher rates of apoptosis and/or necrosis of CD14+ macrophages, necrosis of CH138+ leukocytes and viability of B lymphocytes (CD21+). Results suggested that the VLEB influence the immune response of the mammary gland.
15

Avaliação funcional dos fagócitos sanguíneos e lácteos de vacas naturalmente infectadas pelo vírus da leucose dos bovinos / Functional evaluation of blood and milk phagocytes of cows naturally infected by bovine leukosis virus

Maiara Garcia Blagitz 31 January 2011 (has links)
O vírus da leucose enzoótica bovina (VLEB) pode interferir na proporção e na funcionalidade dos linfócitos B e das demais células sanguíneas. Acreditando-se que essas alterações pudessem interferir nos mecanismos de defesa da glândula mamária, o presente estudo avaliou funcionalmente os fagócitos sanguíneos e lácteos de vacas naturalmente infectadas pelo VLEB, por meio da expressão de diferentes receptores de superfície celular de fagócitos e linfócitos; da morte celular dos fagócitos e do linfócito B; pelo potencial de fagocitose e produção intracelular de peróxido de hidrogênio pelas células CD14+ e CH138+. Foram selecionadas nove vacas negativas para a LEB (grupo negativo), dez positivas sem linfocitose (grupo AL) e seis positivas com linfocitose persistente (grupo LP). Independente do perfil hematológico das vacas positivas para a LEB, nas amostras de sangue foram observadas menor expressão de células mononucleares CD14+, de linfócitos T (CD3+) e de linfócitos B CD21+ CD11b+ e maior expressão de linfócitos B (CD21+). As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores quantidades de linfócitos T auxiliares (CD3+ CD4+) e de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5- CD11b- e maiores quantidades de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5+ CD11b+. Menores quantidades de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5+ foram observados nas vacas do grupo AL do que nas vacas do grupo negativo. As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores índices de fagocitose por Escherichia coli pelas células mononucleares CD14+, menor produção de peróxido de hidrogênio e menores índices de fagocitose por Staphylococcus aureus pelas células polimorfonucleares CH138+. As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores índices de necrose, de apoptose e/ou necrose e maior viabilidade das células mononucleares CD14+, das células polimorfonucleares CH138+ e dos linfócitos B (CD21+). Apenas os linfócitos B (CD21+) das vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores índices de morte por apoptose, e as células mononucleares CD14+ das vacas do grupo AL manifestaram maiores índices de apoptose e/ou necrose do que as vacas negativas. Independente do perfil hematológico das vacas, nas amostras de leite foram observadas maiores quantidades de macrófagos e maiores expressões de linfócitos T (CD3+) e de linfócitos B (CD21+). As vacas do grupo AL apresentaram maior quantidade de linfócitos B (CD21+) do que as vacas negativas. As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram menores quantidades de linfócitos T citotóxicos (CD3+ CD8+), de linfócitos B CD21+ CD11b+ e de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5+ CD11b+ e maior quantidade de linfócitos B CD21+ CD5- CD11b-. As vacas do grupo AL apresentaram menores índices de fagocitose por Escherichia coli pelos macrófagos CD14+ e pelos leucócitos CH138+ e as vacas do grupo LP apresentaram maior produção de peróxido de hidrogênio intracelular. As vacas positivas para LEB apresentaram maiores índices de morte por necrose dos macrófagos CD14+ e dos linfócitos B (CD21+) e menores índices de morte por apoptose dos macrófagos CD14+, dos leucócitos CH138+ e dos linfócitos B (CD21+). Estas vacas também apresentaram maior viabilidade dos macrófagos CD14+ e dos leucócitos CH138+. As vacas do grupo LP apresentaram maiores índices de apoptose e/ou necrose dos macrófagos CD14+, de necrose de leucócitos CH138+ e de viabilidade de linfócitos B (CD21+). Resultados permitem concluir que a o VLEB altera a resposta imune da glândula mamária. / The enzootic bovine leukemia virus (BLV) can influence the amount of lymphocytes B and other blood cells and their functions. Believing that these changes could interfere in the defense mechanisms of the mammary gland, this study evaluated blood and milk phagocytes functions from cows naturally infected VLEB through the expression of different cell surface receptors of phagocytes and lymphocytes; from death cell of phagocytes and B lymphocytes; the phagocytosis and intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide by CD14+ and CH138+ cells. We chose nine cows negative for the LEB (negative group), ten positive without lymphocytosis (LA group) and six positive with persistent lymphocytosis (LP group). In blood samples of positive cows for BLV, it was observed smaller expression of CD14+ mononuclear, T lymphocytes (CD3+) and CD21+ CD11b+ B lymphocytes, along with increased expression of B lymphocytes (CD21+). Cows of the LP group had lower amounts of T helper lymphocytes (CD3+ CD4+) and CD21+ CD5- CD11b- B lymphocytes and higher amounts of CD21+ CD5+ CD11b+ B lymphocytes. In cows of AL group it was observed lower amounts of CD21+ CD5+ B lymphocytes than in cows of negative group. Cows of LP group had lower rates of Escherichia coli phagocytosis by CD14+ mononuclear cells, lower intracellular production of hydrogen peroxide and lower rates of phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus by CH138+ polymorphonuclear cells. Cows of LP group showed less necrosis, apoptosis and/or necrosis and increased viability of CD14+ mononuclear cells, CH138+ polymorphonuclear cells and B lymphocytes (CD21+). Only the B-lymphocytes (CD21+) of the cows in the LP group showed less apoptosis, and CD14 + mononuclear cells from cows in the AL group showed higher rates of apoptosis and/or necrosis than the ones from negative cows. In the milk sample, the positive cows showed higher amounts of macrophages and increased expression of T lymphocytes (CD3+) and B lymphocytes (CD21+). Cows of AL group showed a higher amount of B lymphocytes (CD21+) than negative cows. Cows of LP group had lower amounts of T cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD3+, CD8+), CD21+ CD11b+ B lymphocytes and CD21+, CD5+, CD11b+, B lymphocytes and increased amount of CD21 + CD5- CD11b- B lymphocytes. Cows of the AL group had lower rates of Escherichia coli phagocytosis by CD14+ macrophages and CH138+ leukocytes and cows of group LP had higher production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide. The positive cows for LEB had higher rates of death by necrosis of CD14+ macrophages and B lymphocytes (CD21+) and lower rates of apoptosis of CD14+ macrophages, CH138+ leukocytes and B lymphocytes (CD21+). These cows also had higher viability of CD14+ macrophages and CH138+ leukocytes. Cows on the LP group had higher rates of apoptosis and/or necrosis of CD14+ macrophages, necrosis of CH138+ leukocytes and viability of B lymphocytes (CD21+). Results suggested that the VLEB influence the immune response of the mammary gland.
16

The Role of Antioxidant Enzymes in the Induction of Phagocytic Activation by Dichloroacetate and Trichloroacetate Mixtures in Mice.

McIntosh, Kyle Douglas January 2015 (has links)
No description available.

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