The Australian health system is undergoing substantial changes in response to consumer demands, rising health costs and consequent shifts in government policies. This thesis explored ways community pharmacists could implement new styles of practice. Results indicate that pharmacists can assist consumers to better manage their medications and reduce harm, but it requires a different practice approach to that currently offered. This research has contributed to the establishment of the nation program, Home Medications Review. / thesis (PhDPharmacy)--University of South Australia, 2005.

Pharmacists play an important role in the system of medical care, yet for a long period of time, the government has failed to effectively and thoroughly enforce the established policy "Separation of Medicine and Pharmacy". Traditionally, medical resources in Taiwan have long been in control of the medical circles, which results in disregard for pharmacists' duty and status. In the system of medical care, pharmacists are regarded as inferior, while in the whole link of medical care, pharmacists play a crucial role in treatment and health of patients. Job satisfaction of doctors and nurses is commonly the focus of research in numbers of literature reviews; on the contrary, pharmacists are rarely taken as the subjects of research. Therefore, job satisfaction of pharmacists is worth investigating. According to the characteristics of their work, pharmacists are generally classified into five types--hospital pharmacists, clinic pharmacists, drug store pharmacists, pharmaceutical pharmacists, and marketing pharmacists. This study mainly makes an induction of the data deriving from questionnaires to pharmacists in Kaohsiung to survey job satisfaction in terms of the seven aspects--Personal Factor, Work Condition, Organization System, Pay Welfare, Coworker Relationship, Work Environment, and In-service Study. Based on the data collected, this study aims to explore the overall job satisfaction of pharmacists and the differences in their job satisfaction and needs among the five work types of pharmacists. The influential factors behind the differences are investigated as well. The study functions as a reference for new pharmacists in choosing their work types. In addition, the study offers referential information to hospitals, clinics, pharmacy industries, cosmetics manufacturers, medicine marketing corporations, community pharmacy conductors, and even health authorities. Through the study, those related get a better understanding of pharmacists' job satisfaction and needs to improve management, and then promote pharmacists' work quality. The major findings are as follows: 1. The overall job satisfaction of pharmacists is between average and satisfaction. In the seven aspects of job satisfaction, "Coworker Relationship" stands the highest with "Personal Factor" following. The two aspects that indicate the lowest satisfaction are "Organization System", and "Pay Welfare". 2. There is no significant difference in overall job satisfaction among pharmacists of the five work types. With a further analysis, the differences in job satisfaction are mainly detected in the two aspects of "Pay Welfare", and "Work Environment". The satisfaction of clinic pharmacists is significantly higher than that of hospital pharmacists and marketing pharmacists in the aspect of "Pay Welfare". 3. As to the correlation between individual variations and job satisfaction, such variations as gender, marriage and study plan cause no significant differences in each aspect of job satisfaction. However, other variations--age, education, work year, pay, full/part time, work hour, and post result in significant differences in some items of questionnaires regarding job satisfaction.

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The Australian health system is undergoing substantial changes in response to consumer demands, rising health costs and consequent shifts in government policies. This thesis explored ways community pharmacists could implement new styles of practice. Results indicate that pharmacists can assist consumers to better manage their medications and reduce harm, but it requires a different practice approach to that currently offered. This research has contributed to the establishment of the nation program, Home Medications Review. / Thesis (PhDPharmacy)--University of South Australia, 2005.

The Australian health system is undergoing substantial changes in response to consumer demands, rising health costs and consequent shifts in government policies. This thesis explored ways community pharmacists could implement new styles of practice. Results indicate that pharmacists can assist consumers to better manage their medications and reduce harm, but it requires a different practice approach to that currently offered. This research has contributed to the establishment of the nation program, Home Medications Review. / thesis (PhDPharmacy)--University of South Australia, 2005.

Class of 2016 Abstract & Report / Specific Aims: This study aims to evaluate the use and rationale of dietary supplement use by pharmacists and to assess whom pharmacists are recommending them to. Methods: Arizona licensed pharmacists were surveyed using Qualtrics software. The survey consisted of questions starting with listing common vitamin, mineral and herbal products used personally. Respondents were then asked to indicate a purpose for use and if they would recommend personally used products to patients, family or friends. Demographics such as area of practice, gender and age were also collected. Data were analyzed by calculating summary frequency and percentages with a priori alpha level of 0.05. Main Results: Of the 10,899 surveys sent, 528 respondents completed the survey. The average respondent age was 46.6 ± 14.4, 40% were male and 42% practiced in community pharmacy Overall use was: multivitamin (95.54%), vitamin C (78.24%), vitamin D (73.31%), calcium (73.13%), and B vitamin(s) (70.03%). The most common reasons for use were “general health and wellness” and “to treat or cure a specific disease or health problem.” Overall use of supplements was lower; 58% for fish oil while only 25% used chondroitin. More community pharmacists used all types of dietary supplements (p < 0.05). Most pharmacists would recommend the products to patients. Conclusions: (39) Pharmacists use dietary supplements at rates similar to the general public and would recommend the noted products to patients. This is particularly relevant because existing well designed studies evaluating efficacy and safety of the products in question are limited.

Class of 2008 Abstract / Objectives: Inhaled insulin is indicated for the treatment of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This project was designed to evaluate the level of pharmacist knowledge concerning inhaled insulin therapy. Methods: An invitation to complete a questionnaire concerning inhaled insulin was sent via email to pharmacists registered in Arizona and preceptors for the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy. Respondents completed a 36 item questionnaire, including 25 knowledge questions. To determine overall pharmacist knowledge of inhaled insulin, the questionnaire results were aggregated into a total correct score. Independent t-tests were used to compare mean scores based on status as a preceptor, completion of a residency, attendance of an inhaled insulin training session, and pharmacist-reported level of confidence in counseling on inhaled insulin use. Results: The mean total correct score for 60 pharmacists who completed the questionnaire was 13.6 (SD = 6.7) out of 25. The mean scores for preceptor pharmacists and non-preceptor pharmacists were not statistically different. Only pharmacist-reported level of confidence in counseling patients on the use of inhaled insulin was significantly related to total score. Pharmacists who reported they were either “very confident” or “confident” in counseling patients about inhaled insulin achieved a higher total correct score compared to pharmacists reporting lower levels of confidence ( p = 0.009). Conclusions: This study identified an overall lack of knowledge regarding therapy with inhaled insulin among participating pharmacists. Pharmacists who self-reported that they were confident in providing counseling regarding inhaled insulin were significantly more knowledgeable.

Bakgrund: Denna rapporten undersökte målbilden av en receptarie, en treårig farmaciutbildning i Sverige. Idag, är inte mycket arbete gjort för att utveckla och definiera målbilden av en receptarie. Olika verksamheter kan ha olika uppfattningar om vad en receptarie är menad att göra i sitt arbete. Mål: Att studera hur den nya nationella målbilden för receptarier uppfattas i grundutbildningarna, i ansvar och arbetsuppgifter på apotek samt vilka förändringar som behöver genomföras enligt de som har möjlighet att påverka. Metod: En enkätstudie skickades ut till receptarieutbildningar, apoteksaktörer och relevanta myndigheter och organisationer, som frågade om deras uppfattning av en receptaries målbild jämfört med Apotekarsocietetens målbild. Resultat: Över lag instämde enkätdeltagarna med Apotekarsocietetens målbild, och många deltagare uttryckte en vilja att vidare bidra för att uppnå målen. Åsikterna om de andra verksamheternas bidrag till målsättningarna var negativa. Apoteksaktörerna var den gruppen som ansågs bidra sämst till att uppfylla målsättningarna. Diskussion: Synen på apoteksaktörernas bidrag var mycket olika beroende på vem som frågades, där apoteken själva ansåg att de bidrog mycket väl, medan andra verksamheter tyckte de bidrog mycket lite. Många framförde även önskemålet att öka fokus på rådgivning och patientkommunikation. Slutsats: Apotekarsocietetens målbild stämde bra överens med deltagarnas uppfattningar. Deltagarna hade överlag en positiv inställning och uttryckte en vilja att arbeta vidare med många förslag på förbättringar. Huvudresultatet av rapporten var skillnaden i syn på apoteksaktörernas bidrag. / Background: This report explored the vision of a “receptarie”, a three-year long pharmacist bachelor’s degree in Sweden. Today, not much work is done to develop and define the profession of a “receptarie”. Different actors might have different understandings on what a “receptarie” should do in their work. Aim: To study how the new target set by Apotekarsocieteten is perceived by the relevant educations and in responsibilities and work tasks in pharmacies, aswell as what changes is needed to be performed according to the ones in a position to influence. Method: The study involved four “receptarie”-educations, located in Göteborg, Malmö. Umeå and Uppsala. A survey was performed, questioning the different educations, apothecary's and relevant organisations about their view of what a “receptarie”s goal is compared to a target published by Apotekarsocieteten. Result: In broad, the participants in the survey agreed with the publishing from Apotekarsocieteten and many participants expressed a will to further contribute to reaching the set goals. The opinions of other actors’ contributions were negative. The apothecaries were seen as the least contributing actors. Discussion: The biggest deviance, was the perception of the contribution of apothecaries, where they themselves belived they contributed well, but other occupations did not. Many participants expressed the desire to increase the focus of counseling and patient communication. Conclusion: Apotekarsocietetens target harmonized well with the participants. The participants had a positive view and had many suggestions for improvements. The main result was the perceived difference in contribution from the apothecaries.

This study was undertaken to test the satisfaction process as it relates to the consumption of prescription medication. The disconfirmation of expectations model was used as a framework for the study. The study sought to evaluate the impact the provision of drug information has on the satisfaction/dissatisfaction process. To accomplish this, consumers recruited from two community pharmacies were provided with a scenario that described the purchase, and consequences of taking a prescription product intended for the treatment of migraine headache. Each subject received a scenario that contained one of four (4) levels of drug information. The four levels were: (1) no drug information; (2) information about side effects; (3) information about effectiveness; and (4) information about effectiveness and side effects. Each subject also received a scenario that described one of four therapeutic outcomes. They were: (1) no side effects with total elimination of headaches; (2) no side effects with partial elimination of headaches; (3) side effects with total elimination of headaches; and (4) side effects with partial elimination of headaches. The disconfirmation of expectation model was supported by the study. Using an ANOVA model, analyses revealed that the provision of drug information resulted in more positive disconfirmation and higher levels of satisfaction when the outcome of therapy was less than optimal. The measures of future intention were also affected by the provision of drug information. Further analyses revealed satisfaction was a function of expectation and disconfirmation.