Background: Pharmacy-related performance measures have gained significant attention in the transition to value-based healthcare. Pharmacy-level quality measures, including those developed by the Pharmacy Quality Alliance, are not yet publicly accessible. However, the publication of report cards for individual pharmacies has been discussed as a way to help direct patients towards high-quality pharmacies. This study aimed to measure the relative strength of patient preferences for community pharmacy attributes, including pharmacy quality. Additionally, this study aimed to identify and describe community pharmacy market segments based on patient preferences for pharmacy attributes. Methods: This study elicited patient preferences for community pharmacy attributes using a discrete choice experiment (DCE) among a sample of 773 adults aged 18 years and older. Six attributes were selected based on published literature, expert opinion, and pilot testing feedback. The attributes included hours of operation, staff friendliness/courtesy, pharmacist communication, pharmacist willingness to establish a personal relationship, overall quality, and a drug-drug interaction specific quality metric. Participants responded to a block of ten random choice tasks assigned by Sawtooth v9.2 and two fixed tasks, including a dominant and a hold-out scenario. The data were analyzed using conditional logit and latent class regression models, and Hierarchical Bayes estimates of individual-level utilities were used to compare preferences across demographic subgroups. Results: Among the 773 respondents who began the survey, 741 (95.9%) completed the DCE and demographic questionnaire. Overall, study participants expressed the strongest preferences for quality-related pharmacy attributes. The attribute importance values (AIVs) were highest for the specific, drug-drug interaction (DDI) quality measure, presented as, “The pharmacy ensured there were no patients who were dispensed two medications that can cause harm when taken together,” (40.3%) and the overall pharmacy quality measure (31.3%). The utility values for 5-star DDI and overall quality ratings were higher among women (83.0 and 103.8, respectively) than men (76.2 and 94.5, respectively), and patients with inadequate health literacy ascribed higher utility to pharmacist efforts to get to know their patients (26.0) than their higher literacy counterparts (16.3). The best model from the latent class analysis contained three classes, coined the Quality Class (67.6% of participants), the Relationship Class (28.3%), and the Convenience Class (4.2%). Conclusions: The participants in this discrete choice experiment exhibited strong preferences for pharmacies with higher quality ratings. This finding may reflect patient expectations of community pharmacists, namely that pharmacists ensure that patients are not harmed by the medications filled at their pharmacies. Latent class analysis revealed underlying heterogeneity in patient preferences for community pharmacy attributes.

No description available.

Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-16T12:49:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Tatyana Xavier Almeida Matteucci Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 2636150 bytes, checksum: 1a4ca1e1b300012b98f2c3c3a52d6449 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2014-10-20T20:04:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Tatyana Xavier Almeida Matteucci Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 2636150 bytes, checksum: 1a4ca1e1b300012b98f2c3c3a52d6449 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-20T20:04:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Tatyana Xavier Almeida Matteucci Ferreira - 2014.pdf: 2636150 bytes, checksum: 1a4ca1e1b300012b98f2c3c3a52d6449 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-13 / Background: Although dispensing of medication has been addressed on theoretical models, studies that confirm the impact of this service are still needed. Objective: to describe and evaluate a model of medicine dispensing developed and implemented in a pharmacy in accordance with the parameters of structure, process and outcome. Methods: This was a descriptive, observational and quasi-experimental study performed in a Campus Pharmacy, approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the Federal University of Goiás under protocol 222/2012. one hundred and four patients attending the dispensing service of the campus pharmacy between 21 January 2013 and 20 April 2013 were included in this quasi-experimental study. The description and assessment of the service was performed in terms of the three parameters: structure, process and outcome, used by Donobedian to evaluate the quality of medical care and adapted by Farris & Kirking to evaluate the quality of pharmaceutical care. The description and assessment of each parameter was performed as recommended by the Ministry of Health of Brazil, international agencies and previous studies. Assessment of knowledge about medicine prescription and adherence, before and after medicine dispensing, was performed by McNemar’s test. Associations between variables were assessed by the Wald test. A p-value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: Medicine dispensing improved patient’s knowledge about medications (P<0.05), which was associated with pharmacotherapy complexity (P<0.05). The main problems identified were related to lack of patient’s knowledge regarding their medication (52.9%). Pharmaceutical interventions were mostly performed directly to the patients (86.3%) by verbal (95.4%) and written (68.2%) information, and most of the problems were completely solved (62.7%). Pharmacy service was evaluated as “excellent” or “very good” by more than 70% of patients, and a high level of satisfaction was observed. Improvement of medication adherence, however, was not observed. Conclusion: the medicine dispensing model was able to identify and solve drug-related problems and promote an improvement in patient’s knowledge about medication. / ntrodução: Apesar dos modelos teóricos de serviços farmacêuticos de dispensação de medicamentos existentes, ainda são necessários estudos que comprovem os resultados de sua utilização. Objetivo: Avaliar o serviço de dispensação oferecido aos usuários de uma farmácia segundo os parâmetros de estrutura, processo e resultado. Método: Este foi um estudo descritivo, observacional e quase experimental, desenvolvido na Farmácia de uma instituição pública de ensino superior do estado de Goiás, aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Universidade Federal de Goiás sob o protocolo no 222/2012. Participaram desta pesquisa 104 usuários, atendidos pelo serviço de dispensação no período de 21 de janeiro a 20 de abril de 2013. A descrição e avaliação do serviço foi realizada segundo os parâmetros propostos para avaliação da atenção médica por Donabedian, adaptados por Farris e Kirking para avaliação do cuidado farmacêutico: estrutura, processo e resultados. Os aspectos descritos e avaliados em relação a cada um dos parâmetros foram definidos conforme recomendações dos serviços farmacêuticos do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, de organizações internacionais e de estudos publicados sobre o tema. Para avaliar se houve diferença significativa do conhecimento sobre a prescrição médica e o comportamento do paciente quanto à adesão ao tratamento antes e após a dispensação foi utilizado o Teste de McNemar, e para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis o Teste de Wald (nível de significância de 5%). Resultados: A dispensação proporcionou melhora do conhecimento do paciente sobre os medicamentos (p<0,05). A melhora do conhecimento do paciente sobre os medicamentos demonstrou-se associado à complexidade da farmacoterapia(p<0,05). Foram identificados majoritariamente problemas relacionados à falta de condições do paciente em utilizar o medicamento (52,94%). As intervenções farmacêuticas foram realizadas predominantem ente junto ao paciente (86,27%) através do fornecimento de informações verbais (95,4%) e escritas (68,2%) e,em sua maioria, o problema que originou a intervenção foi totalmente resolvido (62,75%). Observou-se alta satisfação do paciente com o serviço sendo todos os aspectos avaliados classificados como excelente ou muito bom por mais de 70% dos pacientes. Não foi observada melhora no comportamento quanto a adesão ao tratamento. Conclusão: O serviço foi capaz de identificar e resolver os problemas relacionados ao medicamento e contribuiu para a melhoria do conhecimento dos pacientes relativo aos medicamentos utilizados.