In this project I explore the development of bird illustrations in early American natural history publication. I follow three groups in Philadelphia from 1812 to 1858: institutions, artist-naturalists, and printmakers. Each of these groups modeled a certain normative vision of illustration, promoting, producing, and publishing images that reflected their senses of what constituted good illustration. I argue that no single set of actors in this narrative did work that would become the ultimate standard-bearer for ornithological illustration; rather, all of them negotiated the conflicting interests of their own work as positioned against, or alongside, those who had come before. Their diverse intentions, aesthetic and practical, sat prominently in their separate visions of drawing birds; utility, artistry, and feasibility of the images directed the creation of the illustrations. How they used their ideal ways of depicting birds changed the ways that their successors would confront the practice of illustrating birds. / Master of Science

This thesis explores how Protestant Charlestonians and Philadelphians interpreted and responded to the secession crisis of 1860-1861. "Christian duty" was a vital part of these responses, not only informing the worldview of Protestants, but directing their actions in the midst of the crisis. Charlestonians and Philadelphians defined the concept of "Christian duty" in similar ways, however as the crisis progressed they applied it in increasingly different manners. Early in 1860, Protestants in both cities emphasized their shared spiritual and political heritage, often defining Christian duty in regard to unity and conciliatory speech. However, the secession crisis marked a transition away from this shared unifying rhetoric toward the expression of regional exceptionalism. Increasingly, both Philadelphians and Charlestonians understood themselves and their respective governments to be specially anointed by God. Accordingly by the end of 1861, Charlestonian and Philadelphian Protestants described Christian duty as tied to serving the Confederacy or the Union. / Master of Arts

No description available.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1991. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-180) and index. Also issued in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1991. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-180) and index.

Fiction Novel

Thesis (B.A.)--Bryn Mawr College. Growth and Structure of Cities Program, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1994. / Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Robert V. Piemonte. Dissertation Committee: Douglas M. Sloan, Elizabeth M. Maloney. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 114-119).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1929. / Bibliography: p. [153]-167.

Abstract of Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Illinois, 1927. / Vita.