• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 51
  • 22
  • 8
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 98
  • 98
  • 60
  • 28
  • 27
  • 27
  • 26
  • 26
  • 23
  • 20
  • 15
  • 14
  • 14
  • 14
  • 14
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
71

An empirical investigation of a new Keynesian Phillips curve for the U.S.

January 2009 (has links)
Lo, Kai Lisa. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-46). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.7 / Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.10 / Chapter 3. --- Measuring the Labor Share with US Data --- p.14 / Chapter 3.1 --- Definition and Measurement --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2 --- Some Crude Evidence --- p.16 / Chapter 4. --- A Theoretical Relationship between Labor Share and Inflation in an Open Economy --- p.19 / Chapter 4.1 --- A Static Closed-economy Pricing Model --- p.20 / Chapter 4.2 --- Dynamic Model Based on Quadratic Adjustment Costs --- p.22 / Chapter 4.3 --- An Open-economy Dynamic Pricing Model --- p.30 / Chapter 5. --- An Empirical Investigation --- p.34 / Chapter 5.1 --- Data --- p.34 / Chapter 5.2 --- Estimation Results --- p.36 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- General Findings --- p.37 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- The Role of Adjustment Costs --- p.39 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Predicting U.S. Inflation --- p.40 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusions --- p.42 / References --- p.43 / Figures and Tables --- p.47 / Data Appendix --- p.56
72

Analysis Of Inflation Dynamics In Turkey: A New Keynesian Phillips Curve Approach

Eruygur, Aysegul 01 February 2011 (has links) (PDF)
The main aim of this thesis is to explain the inflation dynamics in Turkey within a theoretically consistent empirical framework. The New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) is chosen as the basis model for our analysis because, by describing the inflation process within an intertemporal optimizing dynamic general equilibrium model, it provides a rigorous analytical groundwork for credible welfare and policy analysis. We have contributed to the literature by developing a NKPC formulation that is novel in the literature: A constant elasticity of substitution (CES) type of production function incorporating imported and domestically produced intermediate goods was combined with incomplete exchange rate pass through to import prices. The short-run inflation dynamics were analyzed within the context of this new specification by estimating the model&rsquo / s highly nonlinear structural parameters that capture the price-setting behavior in Turkey for period 1988:1 - 2009:4. Our findings suggest that this NKPC formulation can explain the 1994 and 2000-01 crises as well as the current environment of low inflation achieved with the adoption of the implicit and fully fledged inflation targeting regimes quite well. As a policy application we explored the effects of the inflation targeting framework adopted after the 2000-01 crises on the parameters characterizing the inflation process in Turkey. The subsample econometric results suggested that the inflation targeting framework applied was quite successful in decreasing inflation inertia in Turkey. Thus, should the success of the inflation targeting regime continue, this should be taken as an opportunity to reduce inflation substantially with very low output losses.
73

Essays on inflation and monetary policy

Machado, Vicente da Gama January 2011 (has links)
Esta tese é composta de três artigos relacionados à política monetária e inflação e possuem em comum a ênfase na importância das expectativas tanto para o desenho da política monetária como para a dinâmica inflacionária. No primeiro ensaio, contribuímos para o debate sobre a resposta apropriada de política monetária a flutuações de preços de ativos em um contexto de aprendizagem adaptativa. O modelo conta com dois tipos de regras de juros instrumentais como em Bullard e Mitra (2002), porém com um papel adicional para preços de ativos. Do ponto de vista da E-Estabilidade, conclui-se que uma resposta a preços de ativos não é desejável nem com a regra que utiliza expectativas futuras nem com a regra que responde a valores contemporâneos. Crenças heterogêneas a respeito da dinâmica das flutuações de preços de ativos, inflação e hiato do produto são introduzidas. Também é avaliada uma regra de política monetária ótima que inclui um peso para os preços de ativos. De forma geral, conclui-se que o princípio de Taylor é relevante para todas as regras de juros analisadas e que os bancos centrais devem agir com cautela ao considerar a introdução de preços de ativos na política monetária. No segundo ensaio, oferecemos estimativas recentes de persistência inflacionária no Brasil, com uma abordagem multivariada de componentes não-observados, na qual são consideradas as seguintes fontes que impactam na persistência da inflação: desvios das expectativas da meta real de inflação; persistência dos fatores que provocam inflação; e termos defasados da inflação. Dados de inflação, produto e taxas de juros são decompostos em componentes não-observados e, para simplificar a estimativa de um número grande de variáveis desconhecidas, utilizamos análise bayesiana, seguindo Dossche e Everaert (2005). Os resultados indicam que a persistência baseada em expectativas tem grande participação na persistência inflacionária no Brasil, que tem diminuído nos últimos anos. Tal resultado implica que apenas as tradicionais fricções no ajuste de preços usadas nos modelos macroeconômicos não são suficientes para representar a real persistência da inflação. No último capítulo estimamos diversas curvas de Phillips reduzidas com dados brasileiros recentes, numa abordagem de séries de tempo com componentes não-observados, que se apresenta como alternativa às tradicionais estimativas, baseadas em métodos GMM, de curvas de Phillips Novo-Keynesianas (NKPC), que raramente foram bem sucedidas empiricamente. A decomposição em tendência, sazonalidade e ciclo oferece, através do resultado gráfico, interpretação econômica direta. Diferentemente de Harvey (2011), incluímos expectativas de inflação nas estimações, assim como na NKPC habitual. A inflação no Brasil parece ter respondido cada vez menos às medidas de atividade econômica consideradas. Isso consiste em evidência de achatamento da curva de Phillips no Brasil, o que significa por um lado custos de desinflação mais altos, mas por outro lado menores pressões inflacionárias derivadas de crescimento do produto. / This thesis is composed of three essays on monetary policy and inflation that share particular emphasis on the importance of expectations for both monetary policy design and inflation dynamics. First we contribute to the debate on the appropriate response of monetary policy to asset price fluctuations in an adaptive learning context. Our model accounts for two types of instrumental rules in the spirit of Bullard and Mitra (2002), but with an additional role for asset prices. From the point of view of EStability, we find that a response to stock prices is not desirable under both a forward expectations policy rule and an interest rate rule responding to contemporaneous values. Heterogeneous beliefs about the dynamics of asset price fluctuations, inflation and the output gap are introduced. We also evaluate an optimal monetary policy rule including a weight on asset prices. Overall we find that the Taylor principle remain important over all interest rate rules analysed and that central banks should remain cautious when considering the introduction of stock prices in monetary policy. In the second essay, we provide recent estimates of inflation persistence in Brazil in a multivariate framework of unobserved components, whereby we account for the following sources affecting inflation persistence: First, deviations of expectations from the actual policy target; second, persistence of the factors driving inflation; and third, lagged inflation terms. Data on inflation, output and interest rates are decomposed into unobserved components and to simplify the estimation of a great number of unknown variables, we utilize bayesian analysis as in Dossche and Everaert (2005). Our results indicate that expectations-based persistence matters considerably for inflation persistence in Brazil, which has experienced an overall decrease in the last few years. This finding implies that traditional price-setting frictions used in macroeconomic models are not enough to represent actual inflation persistence. In the last chapter we estimate alternative reduced-form Phillips curves with recent Brazilian data, using a framework of time series with unobserved components, as an alternative to traditional GMM estimations of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC), which have seldom been empirically successful. The decomposition into trend, seasonal and cycle features offers, through the graphical output, straightforward economic interpretations. Differently from Harvey (2011), we allow for inflation expectations as in the usual NKPC. Inflation in Brazil seems to have responded gradually less to measures of economic activity in recent years. This provides some evidence of a flattening of the Phillips curve in Brazil, which means higher costs of disinflation on the one hand, but also lower inflationary pressures derived from output growth, on the other.
74

Essays on inflation and monetary policy

Machado, Vicente da Gama January 2011 (has links)
Esta tese é composta de três artigos relacionados à política monetária e inflação e possuem em comum a ênfase na importância das expectativas tanto para o desenho da política monetária como para a dinâmica inflacionária. No primeiro ensaio, contribuímos para o debate sobre a resposta apropriada de política monetária a flutuações de preços de ativos em um contexto de aprendizagem adaptativa. O modelo conta com dois tipos de regras de juros instrumentais como em Bullard e Mitra (2002), porém com um papel adicional para preços de ativos. Do ponto de vista da E-Estabilidade, conclui-se que uma resposta a preços de ativos não é desejável nem com a regra que utiliza expectativas futuras nem com a regra que responde a valores contemporâneos. Crenças heterogêneas a respeito da dinâmica das flutuações de preços de ativos, inflação e hiato do produto são introduzidas. Também é avaliada uma regra de política monetária ótima que inclui um peso para os preços de ativos. De forma geral, conclui-se que o princípio de Taylor é relevante para todas as regras de juros analisadas e que os bancos centrais devem agir com cautela ao considerar a introdução de preços de ativos na política monetária. No segundo ensaio, oferecemos estimativas recentes de persistência inflacionária no Brasil, com uma abordagem multivariada de componentes não-observados, na qual são consideradas as seguintes fontes que impactam na persistência da inflação: desvios das expectativas da meta real de inflação; persistência dos fatores que provocam inflação; e termos defasados da inflação. Dados de inflação, produto e taxas de juros são decompostos em componentes não-observados e, para simplificar a estimativa de um número grande de variáveis desconhecidas, utilizamos análise bayesiana, seguindo Dossche e Everaert (2005). Os resultados indicam que a persistência baseada em expectativas tem grande participação na persistência inflacionária no Brasil, que tem diminuído nos últimos anos. Tal resultado implica que apenas as tradicionais fricções no ajuste de preços usadas nos modelos macroeconômicos não são suficientes para representar a real persistência da inflação. No último capítulo estimamos diversas curvas de Phillips reduzidas com dados brasileiros recentes, numa abordagem de séries de tempo com componentes não-observados, que se apresenta como alternativa às tradicionais estimativas, baseadas em métodos GMM, de curvas de Phillips Novo-Keynesianas (NKPC), que raramente foram bem sucedidas empiricamente. A decomposição em tendência, sazonalidade e ciclo oferece, através do resultado gráfico, interpretação econômica direta. Diferentemente de Harvey (2011), incluímos expectativas de inflação nas estimações, assim como na NKPC habitual. A inflação no Brasil parece ter respondido cada vez menos às medidas de atividade econômica consideradas. Isso consiste em evidência de achatamento da curva de Phillips no Brasil, o que significa por um lado custos de desinflação mais altos, mas por outro lado menores pressões inflacionárias derivadas de crescimento do produto. / This thesis is composed of three essays on monetary policy and inflation that share particular emphasis on the importance of expectations for both monetary policy design and inflation dynamics. First we contribute to the debate on the appropriate response of monetary policy to asset price fluctuations in an adaptive learning context. Our model accounts for two types of instrumental rules in the spirit of Bullard and Mitra (2002), but with an additional role for asset prices. From the point of view of EStability, we find that a response to stock prices is not desirable under both a forward expectations policy rule and an interest rate rule responding to contemporaneous values. Heterogeneous beliefs about the dynamics of asset price fluctuations, inflation and the output gap are introduced. We also evaluate an optimal monetary policy rule including a weight on asset prices. Overall we find that the Taylor principle remain important over all interest rate rules analysed and that central banks should remain cautious when considering the introduction of stock prices in monetary policy. In the second essay, we provide recent estimates of inflation persistence in Brazil in a multivariate framework of unobserved components, whereby we account for the following sources affecting inflation persistence: First, deviations of expectations from the actual policy target; second, persistence of the factors driving inflation; and third, lagged inflation terms. Data on inflation, output and interest rates are decomposed into unobserved components and to simplify the estimation of a great number of unknown variables, we utilize bayesian analysis as in Dossche and Everaert (2005). Our results indicate that expectations-based persistence matters considerably for inflation persistence in Brazil, which has experienced an overall decrease in the last few years. This finding implies that traditional price-setting frictions used in macroeconomic models are not enough to represent actual inflation persistence. In the last chapter we estimate alternative reduced-form Phillips curves with recent Brazilian data, using a framework of time series with unobserved components, as an alternative to traditional GMM estimations of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC), which have seldom been empirically successful. The decomposition into trend, seasonal and cycle features offers, through the graphical output, straightforward economic interpretations. Differently from Harvey (2011), we allow for inflation expectations as in the usual NKPC. Inflation in Brazil seems to have responded gradually less to measures of economic activity in recent years. This provides some evidence of a flattening of the Phillips curve in Brazil, which means higher costs of disinflation on the one hand, but also lower inflationary pressures derived from output growth, on the other.
75

Essays on inflation and monetary policy

Machado, Vicente da Gama January 2011 (has links)
Esta tese é composta de três artigos relacionados à política monetária e inflação e possuem em comum a ênfase na importância das expectativas tanto para o desenho da política monetária como para a dinâmica inflacionária. No primeiro ensaio, contribuímos para o debate sobre a resposta apropriada de política monetária a flutuações de preços de ativos em um contexto de aprendizagem adaptativa. O modelo conta com dois tipos de regras de juros instrumentais como em Bullard e Mitra (2002), porém com um papel adicional para preços de ativos. Do ponto de vista da E-Estabilidade, conclui-se que uma resposta a preços de ativos não é desejável nem com a regra que utiliza expectativas futuras nem com a regra que responde a valores contemporâneos. Crenças heterogêneas a respeito da dinâmica das flutuações de preços de ativos, inflação e hiato do produto são introduzidas. Também é avaliada uma regra de política monetária ótima que inclui um peso para os preços de ativos. De forma geral, conclui-se que o princípio de Taylor é relevante para todas as regras de juros analisadas e que os bancos centrais devem agir com cautela ao considerar a introdução de preços de ativos na política monetária. No segundo ensaio, oferecemos estimativas recentes de persistência inflacionária no Brasil, com uma abordagem multivariada de componentes não-observados, na qual são consideradas as seguintes fontes que impactam na persistência da inflação: desvios das expectativas da meta real de inflação; persistência dos fatores que provocam inflação; e termos defasados da inflação. Dados de inflação, produto e taxas de juros são decompostos em componentes não-observados e, para simplificar a estimativa de um número grande de variáveis desconhecidas, utilizamos análise bayesiana, seguindo Dossche e Everaert (2005). Os resultados indicam que a persistência baseada em expectativas tem grande participação na persistência inflacionária no Brasil, que tem diminuído nos últimos anos. Tal resultado implica que apenas as tradicionais fricções no ajuste de preços usadas nos modelos macroeconômicos não são suficientes para representar a real persistência da inflação. No último capítulo estimamos diversas curvas de Phillips reduzidas com dados brasileiros recentes, numa abordagem de séries de tempo com componentes não-observados, que se apresenta como alternativa às tradicionais estimativas, baseadas em métodos GMM, de curvas de Phillips Novo-Keynesianas (NKPC), que raramente foram bem sucedidas empiricamente. A decomposição em tendência, sazonalidade e ciclo oferece, através do resultado gráfico, interpretação econômica direta. Diferentemente de Harvey (2011), incluímos expectativas de inflação nas estimações, assim como na NKPC habitual. A inflação no Brasil parece ter respondido cada vez menos às medidas de atividade econômica consideradas. Isso consiste em evidência de achatamento da curva de Phillips no Brasil, o que significa por um lado custos de desinflação mais altos, mas por outro lado menores pressões inflacionárias derivadas de crescimento do produto. / This thesis is composed of three essays on monetary policy and inflation that share particular emphasis on the importance of expectations for both monetary policy design and inflation dynamics. First we contribute to the debate on the appropriate response of monetary policy to asset price fluctuations in an adaptive learning context. Our model accounts for two types of instrumental rules in the spirit of Bullard and Mitra (2002), but with an additional role for asset prices. From the point of view of EStability, we find that a response to stock prices is not desirable under both a forward expectations policy rule and an interest rate rule responding to contemporaneous values. Heterogeneous beliefs about the dynamics of asset price fluctuations, inflation and the output gap are introduced. We also evaluate an optimal monetary policy rule including a weight on asset prices. Overall we find that the Taylor principle remain important over all interest rate rules analysed and that central banks should remain cautious when considering the introduction of stock prices in monetary policy. In the second essay, we provide recent estimates of inflation persistence in Brazil in a multivariate framework of unobserved components, whereby we account for the following sources affecting inflation persistence: First, deviations of expectations from the actual policy target; second, persistence of the factors driving inflation; and third, lagged inflation terms. Data on inflation, output and interest rates are decomposed into unobserved components and to simplify the estimation of a great number of unknown variables, we utilize bayesian analysis as in Dossche and Everaert (2005). Our results indicate that expectations-based persistence matters considerably for inflation persistence in Brazil, which has experienced an overall decrease in the last few years. This finding implies that traditional price-setting frictions used in macroeconomic models are not enough to represent actual inflation persistence. In the last chapter we estimate alternative reduced-form Phillips curves with recent Brazilian data, using a framework of time series with unobserved components, as an alternative to traditional GMM estimations of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC), which have seldom been empirically successful. The decomposition into trend, seasonal and cycle features offers, through the graphical output, straightforward economic interpretations. Differently from Harvey (2011), we allow for inflation expectations as in the usual NKPC. Inflation in Brazil seems to have responded gradually less to measures of economic activity in recent years. This provides some evidence of a flattening of the Phillips curve in Brazil, which means higher costs of disinflation on the one hand, but also lower inflationary pressures derived from output growth, on the other.
76

On testing the Phillips curves, the IS Curves, and the interaction between fiscal and monetary policies

Maka, Alexis 27 November 2013 (has links)
Submitted by Alexis Maka (alexis.maka@ipea.gov.br) on 2014-01-07T17:09:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Alexis Maka.pdf: 4105460 bytes, checksum: 61a014ecaca774cf3ae64ddbdd8ea527 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2014-01-28T18:27:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Alexis Maka.pdf: 4105460 bytes, checksum: 61a014ecaca774cf3ae64ddbdd8ea527 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-02-03T15:53:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Alexis Maka.pdf: 4105460 bytes, checksum: 61a014ecaca774cf3ae64ddbdd8ea527 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-03T15:53:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertation - Alexis Maka.pdf: 4105460 bytes, checksum: 61a014ecaca774cf3ae64ddbdd8ea527 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-27 / Esta tese é composta por três ensaios sobre testes empíricos de curvas de Phillips, curvas IS e a interação entre as políticas fiscal e monetária. O primeiro ensaio ('Curvas de Phillips: um Teste Abrangente') testa curvas de Phillips usando uma especificação autoregressiva de defasagem distribuída (ADL) que abrange a curva de Phillips Aceleracionista (APC), a curva de Phillips Novo Keynesiana (NKPC), a curva de Phillips Híbrida (HPC) e a curva de Phillips de Informação Rígida (SIPC). Utilizamos dados dos Estados Unidos (1985Q1--2007Q4) e do Brasil (1996Q1--2012Q2), usando o hiato do produto e alternativamente o custo marginal real como medida de pressão inflacionária. A evidência empírica rejeita as restrições decorrentes da NKPC, da HPC e da SIPC, mas não rejeita aquelas da APC. O segundo ensaio ('Curvas IS: um Teste Abrangente') testa curvas IS usando uma especificação ADL que abrange a curva IS Keynesiana tradicional (KISC), a curva IS Novo Keynesiana (NKISC) e a curva IS Híbrida (HISC). Utilizamos dados dos Estados Unidos (1985Q1--2007Q4) e do Brasil (1996Q1--2012Q2). A evidência empírica rejeita as restrições decorrentes da NKISC e da HISC, mas não rejeita aquelas da KISC. O terceiro ensaio ('Os Efeitos da Política Fiscal e suas Interações com a Política Monetária') analisa os efeitos de choques na política fiscal sobre a dinâmica da economia e a interação entre as políticas fiscal e monetária usando modelos SVARs. Testamos a Teoria Fiscal do Nível de Preços para o Brasil analisando a resposta do passivo do setor público a choques no superávit primário. Para a identificação híbrida, encontramos que não é possível distinguir empiricamente entre os regimes Ricardiano (Dominância Monetária) e não-Ricardiano (Dominância Fiscal). Entretanto, utilizando a identificação de restrições de sinais, existe evidência que o governo seguiu um regime Ricardiano (Dominância Monetária) de janeiro de 2000 a junho de 2008. / This dissertation consists of three essays on empirical testing of Phillips curves, IS curves, and the interaction between fiscal and monetary policies. The first essay ('Phillips Curves: An Encompassing Test') tests Phillips curves using an autoregressive distributed lag (ADL) specification that encompasses the accelerationist Phillips curve (APC), the New Keynesian Phillips curve (NKPC), the Hybrid Phillips curve (HPC), and the Sticky-Information Phillips curve (SIPC). We use data from the United States (1985Q1--2007Q4) and from Brazil (1996Q1--2012Q2), using the output gap and alternatively the real marginal cost as measure of inflationary pressure. The empirical evidence rejects the restrictions implied by the NKPC, the HPC, and SIPC, but does not reject those implied by the APC. The second essay ('IS Curves: An Encompassing Test') tests IS curves using an ADL specification that encompasses the traditional Keynesian IS curve (KISC), the New Keynesian IS curve (NKISC), and the Hybrid IS curve (HISC). We use data from the United States (1985Q1--2007Q4) and from Brazil (1996Q1--2012Q2). The evidence rejects the restrictions implied by the NKISC and the HISC, but does not reject those of the KISC. The third essay ('The Effects of Fiscal Policy and its Interactions with Monetary Policy in Brazil') analyzes the effects of fiscal policy shocks on the dynamics of the economy and the interaction between fiscal and monetary policy using structural vector autoregressions (SVARs). We test the Fiscal Theory of the Price Level for Brazil, analyzing the response of public sector liabilities to primary surplus shocks. For the hybrid identification we find that it is not possible to distinguish empirically between Ricardian (Monetary Dominance) and non-Ricardian (Fiscal Dominance) regimes. However, using sign restrictions there is some evidence that the government followed a Ricardian (Monetary Dominance) regime from January 2000 to June 2008.
77

Forecasting Ability of the Phillips Curve / Předpověď inflace Euro zóny pomocí Phillipsovy křivky

Michálková, Simona January 2015 (has links)
The aim of this paper is to investigate various versions of the Phillips curve and their inflation forecasting ability for Euro Area. We consider autoregressive distributed lag models and use two types of trend estimation -- successive (the trend is estimated before the remaining parameters are) and join, using exponential smoothing. The versions of the Phillips curve are evaluated by rolling and recursive window methods, various selection criteria for lag variables and different combination of the inflation indicators. To evaluate the forecasted values, we calculate the RMSE in three 7-year periods: 1993-1999 (run up Euro area), 2000-2006 (stable inflation period) and 2007-2013 (financial crisis). According to all our modifications, we find some models which achieve satisfying results in terms of the RMSE, albeit not for all forecasting periods. We notice that some models are satisfactory only in the stable period however not in the periods with low inflation and vice versa.
78

The Notion of Money Illusion and Its Development in Economics / Pojetí peněžních iluzí a jeho vývoj v ekonomii

Košková, Dominika January 2014 (has links)
This thesis maps development of money illusion through the history of economic thought and analyzes relevance of the concept in these days. The story begins in 1928 with Irving Fisher, who saw money illusion as a failure to perceive changes in purchasing power of money. Different notion was developed by John Maynard Keynes when he proposed a non-homogeneous labor supply. In the 1970s, the success of rational expectations theory led to a dismissal of the original theories of money illusion and Tobin's critique revealed also an inconsistency of the Keynesian notion. Since then, money illusion lost its position in the mainstream economic science. The modern theories were, however, able to align money illusion with rational expectations and provided the phenomenon with a psychological framework. Money illusion became described as a tendency to think in nominal rather than real terms. While the concept was revived as a part of behavioral and New Keynesian economics, the question of its aggregate effects remains as the Keynes' inconsistency have not been resolved until these days.
79

Politické cykly: Kupují si politici hlasy voličů vyššími výdaji? / Political cycles: Do the politics buy their voters' ballots with higher expenditures?

Fischerová, Veronika January 2015 (has links)
The present thesis is concerned with the existence of political cycles in European Union member states between 1990 and 2013. These cycles are of two types: political business cycles and political budget cycles. The analysis was performed by means of the fixed effects method (using first differences) along with a visual analysis of data. The results obtained from three types of data sets show that two years before elections, inflation grows at 0.47%, unemployment rate at 0.5%, and structural balance at 0.8%. One of the data sets reveals that structural balance is reduced by 0.39% in election years. The visual analysis clearly demonstrates that there exist political business cycles in Belgium, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Poland and Sweden. Political budget cycles have been proven to exist in Belgium, France, Cyprus, Malta, Germany, Slovakia and the United Kingdom.
80

Owner Occupied Housing in the CPI and its Impact on Monetary Policy during Housing Booms and Busts

Hill, Robert J., Steurer, Miriam, Waltl, Sofie R. 07 1900 (has links) (PDF)
The treatment of owner-occupied housing (OOH) is probably the most important unresolved issue in inflation measurement. How -- and whether -- it is included in the Consumer Price Index (CPI) affects inflation expectations, the measured level of real interest rates, and the behavior of governments, central banks and market participants. We show that none of the existing treatments of OOH are fit for purpose. Hence we propose a new simplified user cost method with better properties. Using a micro-level dataset, we then compare the empirical behavior of eight different treatments of OOH. Our preferred user cost approach pushes up the CPI during housing booms (by 2 percentage points or more). Our findings relate to the following important debates in macroeconomics: the behavior of the Phillips curve in the US during the global financial crisis, and the response of monetary policy to housing booms, secular stagnation, and globalization. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Page generated in 0.0475 seconds