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Cellular Photostimulation with Hydrogen-bonded Organic Semiconductor Microcrystal InterfacesJAKEŠOVÁ, Marie January 2016 (has links)
The aim of this thesis was to investigate the potential use of hydrogen-bonded organic semiconductors in photostimulation of mammalian cells and the determination of the mechanism thereof.
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Elektrophysiologische Untersuchungen zur glutamatergen und GABAergen Informationsübertragung an neocorticalen Pyramidenneuronen mit Hilfe Infrarot-gelenkter PhotostimulationEder, Matthias G. January 2000 (has links) (PDF)
München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2000.
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Optimalizace technologie fotostimulace pro oddálení pohlavní zralosti u sivena amerického (Salvenilus fontinalis) / Optimalization of photostimulation technology for delay sexual maturity of brook trout (Salvenilus fontinalis)JUNG, Jakub January 2016 (has links)
The aim of the present work, based on two experiments, was to evaluate the impact of photostimulation as a prevention for delaying the sexual maturation of brook trout (Salvenilus fontinalis). Another additional experiment was to describe which effect has photostimulation on the consequences of aggressive behaviour of males. Two experimental groups were established and differed in illumination sources: the metal halide lamps (HAL) and the light emitting diodes (LED). The photostimulation timing (photoperiod) was tested in following experiment. In both tested groups (HAL and LED) the photoperiod was prolonged to 18L:6D in comparison to the control group with natural photoperiod. The results shows that before spawning females and males in both tested groups (HAL and LED) reached significantly higher body weight up to 100 g (=0.05) due to desirable delayed sexual maturation (up to one month). By obtaining the same results in both groups, clearly profitable source of illumination was LED and the time for sufficient application before spawning was 67 days. Moreover photostimulation had also positively reflected in the elimination of aggressive behaviour of males. The results of the present study suggest that photostimulation may be applicable in the intensive culture systems of salmonids in the Czech Republic.
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Exposição de ovos de matrizes pesadas à luz monocromática durante a incubação artificial / Monochromatic light exposure of broiler breeder eggs during artificial incubationMesquita, Mariana Alves 01 June 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-06-01 / Two experiments were conducted at North Carolina State University to elucidate the hypothesis
that exposing broiler embryos to monochromatic lights during incubation period may influence
embryonic growth and development, improving incubation traits and posthatching period. In the
first experiment, intermittent green light, continuous green light, intermittent red light and dark
were evaluated. In addition, the influence of egg position in the tray was also tested. In the second
experiment, monochromatic green light exposure was evaluated during different phases of
incubation period. Treatments were: 1) 21d of incubation in the dark; 2) 21d of incubation with
green light; 3) dark until E5 and continuous green light until hatch; 4) continuous green light until
E5 and dark until hatch; 5) dark until E18 and continuous green light until hatch; 6) continuous
green light until E18 and dark until hatch. Machine temperatures were adjusted daily in order to
obtain optimal eggshell temperature (99,5 a 100,4°F) during the whole incubation period. In the
first trial, embryo mortality in intermediate phase was higher in the group exposed to intermittent
green light. Relative proventriculus weight was influenced by light stimuli, and the group that was
not exposed to light showed the greatest organ development. Feed intake was also influenced by
light treatments at 21 d of age. In the second trial, exposing embryos to continuous green light at
different moments during incubation period affected the percentage of hatch and hatch of fertile.
In addition, dead pipped was higher in the group exposed to light until E18. Liver weight was
higher in chicks incubated in the dark during 21 d. Feed conversion ratio at 35 and 42 days was
also influenced by light treatments, and the group that was not exposed to light during the whole
incubation period had the lower feed conversion ratio. Significant interaction was observed
between light stimuli and sex for breast yield. Male chicks that were light stimulated until E18 had
the lowest breast yield. Comparing sexes, the highest breast yield was observed for females that
were light stimulated until E18 during incubation. In conclusion, with incubation conditions that
were established during the experiments, exposing broiler embryos to monochromatic lights did
not promote benefits in incubation traits and also did not influenced chick growth and development
in posthatching period. / Foram realizados dois ensaios experimentais na North Carolina State University com o objetivo de
elucidar a hipótese de que a exposição de embriões de frangos de corte à luz monocromática durante
o período de incubação pode influenciar o crescimento e desenvolvimento embrionário
promovendo melhorias no rendimento da incubação e no período pós-eclosão. No primeiro
experimento avaliou-se a estimulação com luz monocromática verde intermitente, verde contínua,
vermelha intermitente e ausência de luz. Foi testado também a influência da posição dos ovos no
interior da bandeja em relação a fonte de luz. No segundo experimento, avaliou-se a exposição deovos à luz verde monocromática durante diferentes fases do período de incubação. Os tratamentos
estudados foram: 1) 21 dias de incubação no escuro; 2) 21 dias de incubação com luz verde
contínua; 3) escuro até o quinto dia de desenvolvimento embrionário (E5) e luz verde contínua até
o nascimento; 4) luz verde contínua até E5 e escuro até o nascimento; 5) escuro até o décimo oitavo
dia de desenvolvimento embrionário (E18) e luz verde contínua até o nascimento; 6) luz verde
contínua até E18 e escuro até o nascimento. As temperaturas das máquinas, em ambos os
experimentos foram reguladas diariamente com o objetivo de se obter uma temperatura ótima da
casca do ovo (99,5 a 100,4°F) durante todo o período de desenvolvimento embrionário. No
primeiro experimento, o percentual de mortalidade embrionária na fase intermediária foi superior
no tratamento exposto à luz verde intermitente. O peso relativo do proventrículo foi influenciado
pelos estímulos luminosos, sendo que o grupo que não foi exposto a luz, o que apresentou maior
desenvolvimento do órgão. O consumo de ração também foi influenciado pelos tratamentos
estudados aos 21dias de idade. No segundo experimento, a exposição à luz verde contínua em
diferentes momentos do período de incubação prejudicou os percentuais de eclosão e eclosão sobre
férteis. Além disso, o percentual de bicados mortos foi superior no tratamento exposto à luz verde
contínua até E18. O peso relativo do fígado foi superior nas aves que permaneceram no escuro
durante os 21 dias de incubação. A conversão alimentar aos 35 e 42 dias de idade também foi
influenciada pelos tratamentos estudados, sendo que o grupo que não foi exposto à luz durante todo
o período de incubação o que apresentou melhor conversão alimentar. Houve interação entre
estímulo luminoso e sexo para rendimento de peito, sendo que para machos o menor rendimento
de peito foi observado no grupo que recebeu estímulo luminoso até E18. Comparando-se os sexos,
constatou-se maior rendimento para fêmeas oriundas de incubação com estímulo luminoso até E18.
Concluiu-se que nas condições de incubação estabelecidas durante a realização dos experimentos,
a exposição de embriões de frangos de corte à luz monocromática não promoveu benefícios no
rendimento da incubação e também não favoreceu o crescimento e desenvolvimento das aves no
período pós-eclosão.
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Investigating the plasticity of sensory cortical circuits in the context of learning in the wild-type mouse and a conditional mouse model of fragile X syndrome / Défauts dans les circuits corticaux sensoriels et les déficits d'apprentissage chez la souris de type sauvage et chez une souris modèle conditionnelle du syndrome de l’X fragileErlandson, Melissa 11 December 2017 (has links)
L'objectif de ce projet est l’étude de la plasticité des circuits corticaux dans le contexte de l'apprentissage des souris « sauvages » et modèles du syndrome de l’X fragile. Des études sur l'efficacité de la combinaison d'enregistrement des potentiels de champ locaux extracellulaires avec la stimulation laser UV (LSPS) pour cartographier les réseaux ont été réalisées. Nous avons trouvé des enregistrements de champs extracellulaires qui pourraient être utilisés pour détecter les réponses synaptiques évoquées par LSPS. Nos résultats indiquent une méthode alternative pour obtenir des cartes complètes de réseaux intracorticaux excitateurs. Ensuite, nous avons développé un paradigme d'apprentissage associatif sensoriel et étudié ses effets sur les réseaux intracorticaux excitateurs du cortex baril. Ex vivo un affaiblissement des projections excitatrices entre les couches 4 et 2/3 qui dans les colonnes de vibrisses C a été observée. Enfin, nous avons utilisé ces mêmes approches dans une souris modèle du syndrome de l'X fragile (FXS). Pour étudier les liens entre les déficits sensoriels, l'apprentissage associatif et les altérations fonctionnelles des réseaux sensoriels, nous avons utilisé un modèle de souris mutantes dans lequel la pathologie FXS était ciblée sur la couche 4 du cortex somatosensoriel. Il a été constaté que les souris WT présentaient une dépression similaire, alors qu'elle était absente FXS. En conclusion, les études sur les mutants sensoriels de type sauvage ont mis en lumière les conséquences de l'apprentissage sur les réseaux corticaux sensoriels et les liens entre la plasticité des réseaux corticaux sensoriels et les capacités cognitives. / The aim of this project is to study the plasticity of the cortical circuits in the context of the learning of wild type mice and models of Fragile X Syndrome. First, investigations into the efficacy of recording combination of extracellular local field potentials with UV laser stimulation (LSPS) to map networks were performed. We found extracellular field records could be used to detect the synaptic responses evoked by LSPS. Our results indicate an alternative method for obtaining complete maps of excitatory intracortical networks. Next, we developed a sensory associative learning paradigm and studied its effects on excitatory intracortical networks the barrel cortex. Ex vivo a weakening of the excitatory projections between layers 4 and 2/3 which in the columns of vibrissae C was observed and declined function of the speed of the behavioural response. Finally, we used these same approaches in a Fragile X Syndrome (FXS) model mouse. To study the links between sensory deficits, associative learning, and functional alterations of sensory networks, we used a model of mutant mice in which the FXS pathology was targeted to the layer 4 of the somatosensory cortex. Our hypotheses were that behavioural conditioning would change the cortical sensory circuits of the FXS sensory mutant and that the abnormal plasticity of these circuits would in turn affect the performance. It was found the WT mice exhibited a similar depression, whereas it was absent FXS. In conclusion, wild type mouse and FXS sensory mutant studies shed light on the consequences of learning on sensory cortical networks and on the links between plasticity of sensory cortical networks and cognitive abilities.
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Luminescence directe ou photostimulée après irradiation X de l'europium divalent dans des familles de composés alcalino-terreux comportant un halogèneMérigou, Catherine 04 October 1990 (has links) (PDF)
En vue de la numérisation des images radiologiques, les propriétés luminescentes de l'europium divalent dans diverses familles de composés du strontium ou du baryum comportant un halogène ont été étudiées. Dans les composés riches en halogène (MCl2, M4OCl6, M5SiO4Cl6...) (M=Sr, Ba), l'extinction thermique de l' émission ne débute qu'au-dessus de 300 K. De fortes densités de centres colorés présentant des bandes d'absorption à grande longueur d'onde ont pu être obtenues après irradiation X. La conjonction de ces deux caractéristiques permet, notamment dans le cas des halogènosilicates Sr5SiO4Cl6(1-x)Br6x:Eu, l'obtention de rendements de luminescence photostimulée par laser argon particulièrement élevés.
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