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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Determinação eletroquímica de fenóis após processo de degradação de benzeno usando sensor à base de nanotubos de carbono-ftalocianina de cobalto / Electrochemical determination of phenols after the process of degradation of benzene using sensor based on carbon nanotubes-cobalt phtalocyanine

Santos, Deodato Peixoto dos 10 February 2012 (has links)
Episódios de contaminação envolvendo hidrocarbonetos de petróleo são relatados com bastante freqüência, principalmente em função dos acidentes envolvendo transporte e estocagem de combustíveis, dentre os quais se destacam o benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xileno (BTEX). Assim, não é surpreendente o grande número de trabalhos, atualmente disponíveis, relacionados à remediação de águas subterrâneas. Entretanto, é conhecido que a total mineralização de benzeno, na maioria das tecnologias utilizadas para remediação de solos e águas subterrâneas, não ocorre totalmente podendo formar compostos fenólicos altamente tóxicos. Por este motivo, este trabalho teve por finalidade a análise dos subprodutos formados a partir da degradação do benzeno, que são eles: hidroquinona, resorcinol, catecol, fenol, p-benzoquinona. Para este propósito, os compostos fenólicos formados foram medidos utilizando um eletrodo de carbono vítreo modificado com filme de nanotubos de carbono e ftalocianinas metalicas. Os compostos fenólicos também foram analisados por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência com detector espectrofotométrico, espectrometria no UV/Visível. Os sensores eletroquímicos propostos mostraram-se altamente eletrocatalíticos e sensíveis na determinação dos derivados da oxidação do benzeno, obtendo-se um limite de detecção de 4,54 μmol L-1 para a hidroquinona, de 1,63 μmol L-1 para o resorcinol, 0,14 μmol L-1 para o catecol, 4,19 μmol L-1 para o fenol e 1,78 μmol L-1 para a p-benzoquinona. Observa-se que existem algumas diferenças nos limites de detecção para cada composto fenólico estudado e que o eletrodo GC/MWCNT/CoPc apresentou menores limites de detecção para o catecol, resorcinol e p-benzoquinona podendo analisar predominantemente esses compostos fenólicos a partir da eletro-oxidação do benzeno. A metodologia proposta comparada com os métodos oficiais de análise e foi observado que os sensores atingem os limites mínimos necessários de detecção, demonstrando que sensores eletroquímicos baseados em CNTs tornam-se uma alternativa no desenvolvimento de metodologias altamente sensíveis, rápidas e de baixo custo. / Contamination episodes involving petroleum hydrocarbons are reported quite frequently, mainly because of accidents involving transportation and storage of fuels, among which stand out as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX). Thus, it is not surprising the large number of papers currently available relating to remediation of groundwater. However, it is known that the complete mineralization of benzene, most of the technologies used for remediation of soil and groundwater, it doesn\'t occur and it can form highly toxic phenolic compounds. For this reason, this paper aims to analyze the products formed from the degradation of benzene, which are: hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, phenol, p-benzoquinone. For this purpose, the phenolic compounds formed were measured using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a film of carbon nanotubes and metallic phthalocyanines. Phenolic compounds were also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, spectroscopy in UV / Visible. The proposed electrochemical sensors were highly sensitive and the electrocatalytic determination of the oxidation of benzene derivatives, obtaining a detection limit of 4.54 μmol L-1 for hydroquinone, 1.63 μmol L-1 for resorcinol , 0.14 μmol L-1 for catechol, 4.19 μmol L-1 for phenol and 1.78 μmol L-1 for p-benzoquinone. It is observed that there are some differences in detection limits for each phenolic compound studied and the electrode GC/MWCNT/CoPc had lower detection limits for catechol, resorcinol and p-benzoquinone can analyze these phenolic compounds predominantly from the electro- oxidation of benzene. The proposed methodology was compared with the official methods of analysis and it was observed that the sensors reach the required minimum limits of detection, demonstrating that electrochemical sensors based on CNTs become an alternative for the development of high sensitivity, rapid and low-cost. methodologies.
2

Determinação eletroquímica de fenóis após processo de degradação de benzeno usando sensor à base de nanotubos de carbono-ftalocianina de cobalto / Electrochemical determination of phenols after the process of degradation of benzene using sensor based on carbon nanotubes-cobalt phtalocyanine

Deodato Peixoto dos Santos 10 February 2012 (has links)
Episódios de contaminação envolvendo hidrocarbonetos de petróleo são relatados com bastante freqüência, principalmente em função dos acidentes envolvendo transporte e estocagem de combustíveis, dentre os quais se destacam o benzeno, tolueno, etilbenzeno e xileno (BTEX). Assim, não é surpreendente o grande número de trabalhos, atualmente disponíveis, relacionados à remediação de águas subterrâneas. Entretanto, é conhecido que a total mineralização de benzeno, na maioria das tecnologias utilizadas para remediação de solos e águas subterrâneas, não ocorre totalmente podendo formar compostos fenólicos altamente tóxicos. Por este motivo, este trabalho teve por finalidade a análise dos subprodutos formados a partir da degradação do benzeno, que são eles: hidroquinona, resorcinol, catecol, fenol, p-benzoquinona. Para este propósito, os compostos fenólicos formados foram medidos utilizando um eletrodo de carbono vítreo modificado com filme de nanotubos de carbono e ftalocianinas metalicas. Os compostos fenólicos também foram analisados por cromatografia liquida de alta eficiência com detector espectrofotométrico, espectrometria no UV/Visível. Os sensores eletroquímicos propostos mostraram-se altamente eletrocatalíticos e sensíveis na determinação dos derivados da oxidação do benzeno, obtendo-se um limite de detecção de 4,54 μmol L-1 para a hidroquinona, de 1,63 μmol L-1 para o resorcinol, 0,14 μmol L-1 para o catecol, 4,19 μmol L-1 para o fenol e 1,78 μmol L-1 para a p-benzoquinona. Observa-se que existem algumas diferenças nos limites de detecção para cada composto fenólico estudado e que o eletrodo GC/MWCNT/CoPc apresentou menores limites de detecção para o catecol, resorcinol e p-benzoquinona podendo analisar predominantemente esses compostos fenólicos a partir da eletro-oxidação do benzeno. A metodologia proposta comparada com os métodos oficiais de análise e foi observado que os sensores atingem os limites mínimos necessários de detecção, demonstrando que sensores eletroquímicos baseados em CNTs tornam-se uma alternativa no desenvolvimento de metodologias altamente sensíveis, rápidas e de baixo custo. / Contamination episodes involving petroleum hydrocarbons are reported quite frequently, mainly because of accidents involving transportation and storage of fuels, among which stand out as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX). Thus, it is not surprising the large number of papers currently available relating to remediation of groundwater. However, it is known that the complete mineralization of benzene, most of the technologies used for remediation of soil and groundwater, it doesn\'t occur and it can form highly toxic phenolic compounds. For this reason, this paper aims to analyze the products formed from the degradation of benzene, which are: hydroquinone, resorcinol, catechol, phenol, p-benzoquinone. For this purpose, the phenolic compounds formed were measured using a glassy carbon electrode modified with a film of carbon nanotubes and metallic phthalocyanines. Phenolic compounds were also analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection, spectroscopy in UV / Visible. The proposed electrochemical sensors were highly sensitive and the electrocatalytic determination of the oxidation of benzene derivatives, obtaining a detection limit of 4.54 μmol L-1 for hydroquinone, 1.63 μmol L-1 for resorcinol , 0.14 μmol L-1 for catechol, 4.19 μmol L-1 for phenol and 1.78 μmol L-1 for p-benzoquinone. It is observed that there are some differences in detection limits for each phenolic compound studied and the electrode GC/MWCNT/CoPc had lower detection limits for catechol, resorcinol and p-benzoquinone can analyze these phenolic compounds predominantly from the electro- oxidation of benzene. The proposed methodology was compared with the official methods of analysis and it was observed that the sensors reach the required minimum limits of detection, demonstrating that electrochemical sensors based on CNTs become an alternative for the development of high sensitivity, rapid and low-cost. methodologies.
3

Contribution à l'étude du transport ambipolaire dans les transistors organiques : impact du procédé de fabrication sur les performances des couches minces / Contribution to the study of ambipolar transport in organic transistors : fabrication process' impact on thin films performances

Nénon, Sébastien 08 October 2010 (has links)
L'électronique plastique est devenue en une dizaine d'années un domaine actif, tant en recherche fondamentale qu'en application. La compréhension et le contrôle des forces motrices du transport ambipolaire est un objectif clé de la recherche dans le domaine de l'électronique organique, et plus particulièrement des transistors. Après une introduction rappelant les principes des transistors organiques ambipolaires et un état de l'art du domaine, les outils et méthodes utilisés au cours de ce travail ont été présentés. Le premier chapitre présente les résultats obtenus des transistors réalisés par évaporation sous vide de phtalocyanines de cuivre. Dans un premier temps la stabilité et les performances des deux semi-conducteurs isolés ont été caractérisés, puis une étude morphologique, électrique et structurelle a été menée sur des dispositifs en structure bicouche ou interpénétrée. Le deuxième chapitre présente une nouvelle méthode d'élaboration de transistors : le LIFT (LAser Induced Forward Transfer). Les premiers transistors à canal p et n'ont ainsi été réalisés à base de phtalocyanines de cuivre, avant de tenter d'obtenir des dispositifs ambipolaires. Cette méthode récente peut permettre de déposer des films à une très grande cadence menant à des dispositifs microstructurés de grande précision. Le dernier chapitre présente une approche par voie liquide. Des solutions de DH-DS2T et PDIF-CN2 ont été élaborées afin de réaliser des encres par le mélange de ces deux solutions pour être déposées par tournette ou dépôt par goutte. en conclusion, les différentes méthodes sont évaluées et comparées afin de déterminer leur utilité et applicabilité respectives. / During the past decade, plactic electronics has become an active research domain, both fundamental and application side. Undestanding and controling the phenomenom which rule the ambipolar transport is one of the main aims of research in organic electronics and transistors. After an introduction giving the principles and a state of the art of organic ambipolar transistors, materials and methods used are described. The first chapter deals with the results obtains whith transistors based on copper phtalocyanines elaborated by a vacuum evaporation process. Stability is isolated moieties was first investigated. Then, morphology, performance and structure of bilayer and blend systems. The second chapter presents the results obtained for transistors elabored by LIFT (Laser Induced Forward Transfer). The first n-channel and p-channel transistors elabored by laser deposition were obtained from copper phtalocynanines. Then the possibility to obtain ambipolar decives was investigated. This brand new technology can permit to create microstructures with a great deposition velocity. The last chapter presents the liquid way approach. DH-DS2T and PDIF-CN2 solutions were used to realise link by mixing the two solutions. those ink where deposited by drop-cast or spin-coating. Finally, the different methods used in this work were evaluated and compared in order to define their usefulness and applicability
4

Complexos rutênio-ftalocianinas como fotossensibilizadores para terapia fotodinâmica. Aspectos fotoquímicos e fotobiológicos / Ruthenium-phtalocyanines complexes such as photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. Photochemical and photobiological aspects

Negri, Laísa Bonafim 03 March 2015 (has links)
Síntese, aspectos estruturais, propriedades fotoquímicas, fotofísicas e fotoindução para avaliação citotóxica in vitro de derivados de [Ru (Pc)] (PC = ftalocianina) são descritos neste trabalho. O desenvolvimento ftalocianinas utilizando anéis macrocíclicos, substituídos e não substituídos simetricamente, coordenados com o centro metálico de rutênio permitiu a obtenção de diferentes compostos. Coordenação de ligantes derivados de óxido nítrico (NO) na posição axial do rutênio (II) permitiu obter [Ru(NO)(Pc)(NO2)], um complexo liberador de NO quando submetido ao processo de redução. Os complexos foram caracterizados por FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H RMN e espectrometria de massas. As propriedades fotoquímicas de complexos como ftalocianinas de rutênio (II) têm sido investigadas por fotólise a laser em diferentes comprimentos de onda. Na irradiação de luz em 660 nm em solução aquosa aerada, observamos o fotoprocesso com a produção de oxigênio singleto. Pode-se observar a relação do rendimento quântico de oxigênio singleto e dos fotossensibilizadores utilizados para sua produção. O oxigênio singleto para [Ru (Pc-R)] segue a ordem [Ru(Pc)]> [Ru (Pc-DCBz)]> [Ru(Pc-DMX)] com DCBz = ácido 4-(3,4-dicianofenoxi) benzóico e DMX = 4,5-bis (2,5-dimetilfenoxi) ftalonitrilo. Estudos fotobiológicos são destacados com particular enfoque na irradiação de luz em 660 nm com interesse para aplicações de terapia fotodinâmica (TFD). Neste contexto, temos também a avaliação citotóxica em linhagens de células B16F10 do efeito sinérgico entre NO e oxigênio singleto quando comparado ao complexo [Ru(Pc)], um composto que é apenas produtor de oxigênio singleto. O NO parece potencializar a ação de oxigênio singleto uma vez que em ensaios de viabilidade celular, o complexo [Ru(NO)(Pc)(NO2)] é pelo menos 40% mais ativo que [Ru(Pc)], considerando 8,93 J / cm2 como uma potência. Considerando apenas a produção de oxigênio singleto encontramos a espécie [Ru(Pc-DCBz)] mais citotóxica nas linhagens B16F10 e MCF-7, sob irradiação em 660nm. Com base em todos os estudos, concluímos que citotoxicidade é dependente tanto da localização subcelular quanto do rendimento quântico de oxigênio singleto. A citotoxicidade pode ser reforçada pela produção de NO, seguido por irradiação de luz na janela terapêutica. / Synthesis, structural aspects, photochemistry, photophysical and in vitro photoinduced cytotoxic properties of [Ru(Pc)] (pc = phthalocyanine) derivatives are described in this work. Use of an unsubstituted or symmetrically substituted phthalocyanine ring coordinated to the central ruthenium allowed to obtain different compounds. Coordination of nitric oxide (NO) derivative ligands on axial position of ruthenium(II) ion permitted to obtain [Ru(NO)(Pc)(NO2)] a NO deliver agent under reduction process. The complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The photochemical properties of (phthalocyanine)ruthenium(II) like complexes have been investigated by laser photolysis at different wavelengths. At 660 nm light irradiation in aerated aqueous solution we observed photoprocesses with singlet oxygen production. We have addressed the relationship of the singlet oxygen quantum yield and the photosensitizers used in its generation. The singlet oxygen for [Ru(Pc-R)] follows the order [Ru(Pc)] > [Ru(Pc-DCBz)] > [Ru(Pc-DMX)] with DCBz = 4-(3,4-dicianofenoxy)benzoic acid and DMX = 4,5-bis (2,5-dimethylfenoxy)ftalonitrile. Photobiological studies are highlighted with particular focus on light irradiation on 660 nm with interest for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. In this way we also have compared the synergism effect of NO and singlet oxygen production with [Ru(Pc)] as a compound producer of singlet oxygen only by means of cytotoxicity in B16F10 cell line. The NO seems to leverage the singlet oxygen action once [Ru(NO)(NO2)(Pc)] cell viability is at least 40 % more active than [Ru(Pc)] considering 8.93 J/cm2 as a potency. Considering only singlet oxygen production we found [Ru(Pc-DCBz)] more cytotoxic specie in B16F10 and MCF7 cell lines, under irradiation in 660 nm. Based on all studies, we have concluded that citotoxycity is dependent on subcellular localization as well singlet oxygen quantum yield. The cytotoxicity could be enhanced by NO production followed by light irradiation on the therapeutic window.
5

Complexos rutênio-ftalocianinas como fotossensibilizadores para terapia fotodinâmica. Aspectos fotoquímicos e fotobiológicos / Ruthenium-phtalocyanines complexes such as photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy. Photochemical and photobiological aspects

Laísa Bonafim Negri 03 March 2015 (has links)
Síntese, aspectos estruturais, propriedades fotoquímicas, fotofísicas e fotoindução para avaliação citotóxica in vitro de derivados de [Ru (Pc)] (PC = ftalocianina) são descritos neste trabalho. O desenvolvimento ftalocianinas utilizando anéis macrocíclicos, substituídos e não substituídos simetricamente, coordenados com o centro metálico de rutênio permitiu a obtenção de diferentes compostos. Coordenação de ligantes derivados de óxido nítrico (NO) na posição axial do rutênio (II) permitiu obter [Ru(NO)(Pc)(NO2)], um complexo liberador de NO quando submetido ao processo de redução. Os complexos foram caracterizados por FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H RMN e espectrometria de massas. As propriedades fotoquímicas de complexos como ftalocianinas de rutênio (II) têm sido investigadas por fotólise a laser em diferentes comprimentos de onda. Na irradiação de luz em 660 nm em solução aquosa aerada, observamos o fotoprocesso com a produção de oxigênio singleto. Pode-se observar a relação do rendimento quântico de oxigênio singleto e dos fotossensibilizadores utilizados para sua produção. O oxigênio singleto para [Ru (Pc-R)] segue a ordem [Ru(Pc)]> [Ru (Pc-DCBz)]> [Ru(Pc-DMX)] com DCBz = ácido 4-(3,4-dicianofenoxi) benzóico e DMX = 4,5-bis (2,5-dimetilfenoxi) ftalonitrilo. Estudos fotobiológicos são destacados com particular enfoque na irradiação de luz em 660 nm com interesse para aplicações de terapia fotodinâmica (TFD). Neste contexto, temos também a avaliação citotóxica em linhagens de células B16F10 do efeito sinérgico entre NO e oxigênio singleto quando comparado ao complexo [Ru(Pc)], um composto que é apenas produtor de oxigênio singleto. O NO parece potencializar a ação de oxigênio singleto uma vez que em ensaios de viabilidade celular, o complexo [Ru(NO)(Pc)(NO2)] é pelo menos 40% mais ativo que [Ru(Pc)], considerando 8,93 J / cm2 como uma potência. Considerando apenas a produção de oxigênio singleto encontramos a espécie [Ru(Pc-DCBz)] mais citotóxica nas linhagens B16F10 e MCF-7, sob irradiação em 660nm. Com base em todos os estudos, concluímos que citotoxicidade é dependente tanto da localização subcelular quanto do rendimento quântico de oxigênio singleto. A citotoxicidade pode ser reforçada pela produção de NO, seguido por irradiação de luz na janela terapêutica. / Synthesis, structural aspects, photochemistry, photophysical and in vitro photoinduced cytotoxic properties of [Ru(Pc)] (pc = phthalocyanine) derivatives are described in this work. Use of an unsubstituted or symmetrically substituted phthalocyanine ring coordinated to the central ruthenium allowed to obtain different compounds. Coordination of nitric oxide (NO) derivative ligands on axial position of ruthenium(II) ion permitted to obtain [Ru(NO)(Pc)(NO2)] a NO deliver agent under reduction process. The complexes were characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR and mass spectrometry. The photochemical properties of (phthalocyanine)ruthenium(II) like complexes have been investigated by laser photolysis at different wavelengths. At 660 nm light irradiation in aerated aqueous solution we observed photoprocesses with singlet oxygen production. We have addressed the relationship of the singlet oxygen quantum yield and the photosensitizers used in its generation. The singlet oxygen for [Ru(Pc-R)] follows the order [Ru(Pc)] > [Ru(Pc-DCBz)] > [Ru(Pc-DMX)] with DCBz = 4-(3,4-dicianofenoxy)benzoic acid and DMX = 4,5-bis (2,5-dimethylfenoxy)ftalonitrile. Photobiological studies are highlighted with particular focus on light irradiation on 660 nm with interest for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. In this way we also have compared the synergism effect of NO and singlet oxygen production with [Ru(Pc)] as a compound producer of singlet oxygen only by means of cytotoxicity in B16F10 cell line. The NO seems to leverage the singlet oxygen action once [Ru(NO)(NO2)(Pc)] cell viability is at least 40 % more active than [Ru(Pc)] considering 8.93 J/cm2 as a potency. Considering only singlet oxygen production we found [Ru(Pc-DCBz)] more cytotoxic specie in B16F10 and MCF7 cell lines, under irradiation in 660 nm. Based on all studies, we have concluded that citotoxycity is dependent on subcellular localization as well singlet oxygen quantum yield. The cytotoxicity could be enhanced by NO production followed by light irradiation on the therapeutic window.
6

Synthèse de matériaux moléculaires et héterojonctions, de l'intérêt des matériaux ambipolaires dans les capteurs de gaz conductimétriques / Synthesis of molecular materials and heterojunctions, on the interest of ambipolar materials in conductometric gas sensors

Wannebroucq, Amélie 04 October 2017 (has links)
Les semi-conducteurs moléculaires ont permis la réalisation de dispositifs électroniques, tels que transistors à effet de champ, diodes et autres hétérojonctions. Les matériaux ambipolaires, capables de transporter tant les charges positives que négatives, conduisent à des dispositifs aux propriétés particulières. L’objet de cette thèse est de synthétiser de nouveaux matériaux moléculaires ambipolaires et de développer des dispositifs électroniques originaux, en particulier pour des applications dans le domaine des capteurs de gaz. Nous nous intéressons aux molécules compatibles avec des mises en forme par des techniques dites de solution processing, en particulier des métallo-phtalocyanines. / The molecular semiconductors have enabled the production of electronic devices such as field effect transistors, diodes and other heterojunctions. The ambipolar materials, capable of carrying both positive charges and negative, result in devices with special properties. The purpose of this thesis is to synthesize new ambipolar materials develop original electronic devices, especially for applications in the field of gas sensors. We are interested in molecules capable to lead to thin films with low temperature techniques known as solution processing, particularly metallo-phthalocyanines.
7

Propriétés magnétiques de matériaux hybrides lamellaires incluant des phthalocyanines métallées : essais en vue d’un couplage entre le magnétisme et la conductivité / Magnetic properties of lamellar hybrid materials including metallated phthalocyanine : testing for a coupling between magnetism and conductivity

Bourzami, Riadh 20 January 2014 (has links)
Les travaux décrits portent sur des matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques présentant des propriétés magnétiques, de formule générale Mx(OH)2x-ny(Xn-)y (avec M(II) = Co, Cu, Zn, X= phtalocyanines métallées tétrasulfonate, MPc). Deux objectifs distincts ont guidé cette thèse : coupler la conductivité de la MPc au magnétisme des plans, d'une part, et déterminer expérimentalement, d'autre part, les couplages entre plans de Co conduisant à la mise en ordre autour de 6 K. Des étapes préliminaires de synthèse originale ont été nécessaires concernant la LiPc tétrasulfonate et des HSL de Zn. Ni la synthèse de la LiPc tétrasulfonate, ni les essais de dopage des MPc n'ont été suffisamment concluant pour pouvoir bénéficier des conductivités des MPc dans l'hybride associé. Les mesures magnétiques réalisées par SQUID ont montré que les HSL à base de feuillets de Cu sont antiferromagnétique sans mise en ordre. Ceux dont les feuillets sont constitués de Co s'ordonnent ferrimagnétiquement autour de 6 K quelle que soit la nature de Pc insérée, prouvant qu'il n'y a pas d'échange magnétique entre les feuillets,et que seule l’ interaction dipolaire est responsable de la mise en ordre. La CuPc insérée a joué le rôle de sonde paramagnétique et a permis, grâce à des mesures par RPE en bande X et en bande Q, d'estimer la valeur du champ dipolaire à 30 mT. Ces études valident le modèle théorique proposé par M. Drillon et al. Des études ont été réalisées sur CoPc insérées. qui sont majoritairement muettes en RPE du fait de leur agrégation et ne constituent pas de bonnes sondes RPE. Les HSL MCoPc montrent un pouvoir de réduction de l'O2. / This PhD work focus on hybrid layered organic-inorganic materials, with general formulation Mx(OH)2x-ny(Xn-)y (M(II)=Co, Cu; X- = metal phthalocyanine sulfate MPcTs). Two leading ideas founded this PhD work: i) the investigation of the possible interplay between the magnetic properties of the LSH hosts and possible charge transport through phthalocyanine guests ii) the experimental evidence of the underlying mechanism for magnetic ordering in LSH. Synthesis of new molecules was required, as LiPcTs and Zn LSH. The yield of the synthesis of LiPcTs was not high to allow for subsequent insertion. The next route under investigation considered the anions and cations issued from the reduction and oxidation of CuPc and CoPc. Those revealed much too instable to be inserted into lamellar hosts. The investigations of the magnetic properties by SQUID magnetometry showed that all copper hydroxide-based compounds behave similarly, presenting an overall antiferromagnetic behaviour without magnetic ordering. The cobalt HSL compound presents a ferrimagnetic ordering around 6K, whatever the nature of the metal phthalocyanine. This points to the solely dipolar interactions between the inorganic layers. Using the inserted CuPc as a fine paramagnetic probe, X-band and Q-band EPR spectroscopy allowed to assess the amplitude of the dipolar field Bdipolar≈30mT. These measurements validate the theoretical model of M. Drillon and al on the role of dipolar interactions in layered ferromagnets. The formation of EPR silent aggregates of inserted CoPc discards it as a suitable probe for similar experiments. Preliminary results show that these hybrids catalyze the reduction of O2.
8

Návrh a charakterizace pokročilých světlo-konvertujících nanočástic povlečených polymerem / Design and characterization of advanced polymer-coated upconversion nanoparticles

Kostiv, Uliana January 2018 (has links)
Lanthanide-based upconversion nanoparticles are able to absorb low-energy near-infrared (NIR) photons and emit visible or ultraviolet light. This unique optical property enables luminescent detection without autofluorescence from biological samples that is crucial for bioimaging and diagnostics. Moreover, NIR irradiation allows to deliver light deep into the tissue, which can be used for drug or gene delivery and NIR-induced photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors. Despite huge effort during the last 10 years devoted to the upconversion nanoparticle synthesis and their surface engineering, preparation of the particles suitable for biomedical applications still remains a big challenge. The current work is focused on synthesis of the upconversion nanoparticles with controllable morphology, size, distribution, crystallinity, and high upconversion efficiency, as well as on desirable surface modification by biocompatible inorganic or organic polymers. Neat and functionalized homogeneous silica shell was introduced on the NaYF4:Yb3+ /Er3+ and NaGdF4:Yb3+ /Er3+ nanoparticles to enhance their biocompatibility and colloidal stability in water. To render the nanoparticles with targeting moieties, their surface was decorated with cell-adhesive RGD or cell-penetrating TAT peptides. The RGD- and TAT- conjugated...
9

Du fullerène au graphène : études spectroscopiques de l'interaction de systèmes pi-conjugués avec des surfaces solides

Bocquet, Francois 20 March 2012 (has links)
Nous étudions l'adsorption de molécules de C60 sur deux reconstructions riches en silicium du 6H-SiC(0001) par IPES, UPS et XPS. Nous mettons en évidence que l'adsorption de C60 sur (3*3) est singulière et définit un nouveau type de liaison entre C60 et substrat : liaison covalente forte avec désorption par recuit à haute température et récupération de la reconstruction de surface. Ces expériences illustrent la complexité de la liaison Si-C60 et permettent une nouvelle mise en perspective.En combinant ARPES à basse énergie de photon et DFT sur une monocouche de ZnPc sur Ag(110), nous prouvons que l'effet de "Umklapp de surface" est effectif pour un réseau de molécules organiques organisé à grande distance. C'est à dire que les conditions de sortie des photoélectrons de volume sont modifiées par la présence du réseau.Nous démontrons aussi que l'HREELS est une technique de choix pour l'étude de l'adsorption d'hydrogène sur graphène, et l'étude de l'interaction d'un plan de graphène sur un substrat, ici le SiC. En effet l'adsorption (réversible) d'atomes d'hydrogène sur du graphène permet à l'HREELS d'être sensible sous le plan de graphène. / We study by IPES, UPS and XPS the adsorption of fullerene on two silicon-rich reconstructions of 6H-SiC(0001). We show that adsorption of C60 on the (3*3) is singular and defines a new bonding type between C60 and a substrate: covalent bond accompanied by the desorption of molecules and the reconstruction's recovery. Our experiments shed a new light on the Si-C60 bounding complexity and provide new insights.By combining low photon energy ARPES and DFT on a monolayer of ZnPc on Ag(110), we provide a direct evidence that the "surface Umklapp'" effect is effective for long-range ordered organic films. Namely, the photoelectrons escape conditions are modified by the bare presence of the molecular lattice.We show that HREELS is a convenient tool to investigate the adsorption of hydrogen on graphene and the interaction of graphene with a substrate, SiC in our study. Indeed, the reversible adsorption of hydrogen on graphene permits the HREELS to gain sensitivity below the graphene layer.
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Síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas emissoras de luz por conversão ascendente de energia (UCNPS) funcionalizadas para uso em aplicações biológicas / Synthesis and Characterization of Upconversion Nanoparticles Functionalized for Biological Applications

Arai, Marylyn Setsuko 21 September 2018 (has links)
As nanopartículas emissoras de luz por conversão ascendente de energia (UCNPs) têm atraído grande interesse nos últimos anos devido à sua versatilidade e capacidade de converter radiação menos energética em fótons de maior energia. Quando combinadas com outras moléculas, as UCNPs podem ser empregadas em um grande número de bioaplicações e, apesar de encontrar um de seus maiores usos na terapia fotodinâmica (PDT) de células cancerígenas, os mesmos princípios podem ser empregados na fotoinativação de bactérias (PDI). Nos últimos 20 anos a resistência bacteriana têm se tornado um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública e novas estratégias precisam ser desenvolvidas para superar esse desafio. Nesse trabalho, nós apresentamos a síntese e caracterização de nanopartículas de NaYF4 dopadas com Yb3+ (20%) e Er3+ (2%) e funcionalizadas para uso em PDI. As UCNPs foram sintetizadas utilizando-se o método de co-precipitação e foram revestidas com uma camada de sílica mesoporosa (@mSiO2) visando o aumento da dispersibilidade em água, o incremento da área superficial e a possibilidade de funcionalizações, e a diminuição da citotoxicidade do material. As UCNP@mSiO2 foram decoradas com moléculas orgânicas e com o fotossensibilizador (PS) ftalocianina de silício (SiPc) para estudo de sua interação e efeito bactericida contra cepas bacterianas Gram positivas e negativas. Diferentes abordagens foram utilizadas em busca de nanopartículas com as melhores propriedades: tamanho, forma, geração de oxigênio singleto e estabilidade em solução aquosa. Verificou-se que a transferência de energia entre as UCNPs e as SiPc em sua superfície é muito dependente do tipo de funcionalização realizada e da extensão com que as moléculas de PS adentram os poros da sílica. O material final apresentou toxicidade na ausência de luz contra a bactéria E. coli, enquanto a viabilidade das cepas de S. aureus não foi afetada no escuro. A excitação direta da SiPc nas nanopartículas levou a completa erradicação da E. coli e um drástico decréscimo no número de unidades formadoras de colônia (CFU) da S. aureus de até sete ordens de magnitude. Com esse estudo demonstramos diferentes estratégias para sintetizar e potencializar o uso das UCNPs como agentes teranósticos, principalmente para uso em PDI. / Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) that emit high-energy photons upon excitation by low-energy near infrared (NIR) light, have garnered great interest in recent years due to their versatility. These nanoparticles combined to other molecules can be used for a broad range of bio-applications as theranostic agents, for bioimaging, drug and gene delivery and photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. Although phototherapy is commonly used in the treatment of cancer, the same principles can be applied for the inactivation of bacteria (PDI). In the last twenty years bacterial resistance against antibiotics has become a critical public health issue and new strategies are needed to overcome this challenge. Herein, we describe the synthesis, detailed characterization and application of functionalized NaYF4: Yb (20%), Er (2%) UCNPs for use in PDT and especially for PDI. The UCNPs are produced using the co-precipitation method and covered with a mesoporous silica shell to enhance the dispersibility in water, increase the surface area and grant functionalization possibility and to decrease cytotoxicity. The nanoparticles were decorated with different molecules and functionalized with the photosensitizer (PS) silicon phthalocyanine (SiPc) to study interaction and enhance the bactericidal effect against Gram positive (+) and Gram negative (-) bacteria. Different approaches were used to identify the best particles concerning the shape, size, photophysical properties, generation of singlet oxygen and stability in water. It was verified that the energy transfer (FRET) efficiency from the UCNP towards SiPc depended on the surface functionalization and resulting encapsulation depths of the PS into the mesoporous silica. Functionalized UCNPs displayed dark toxicity towards Gram (-) E. coli while Gram (+) S. aureus viability was not decreased in the dark. Directly exciting the PS on the UNCP led to complete eradication of E. coli and a drastic decrease of colony forming units of S. aureus of up to seven orders of magnitude. Through this study we demonstrate different strategies to synthesize and potentialize the use of UCNPs as theranostic agents, mainly for use in PDI.

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