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Investiga??o da atividade Anti-Trypanosoma Cruzi de esteroides isolados de plantas e derivados sint?ticosMeira, C?ssio Santana 05 February 2014 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-05 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPEB / Chagas disease is a zoonosis caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, which affects millions of people in Latin America. Disease treatment is based on the use of two drugs, benznidazole and nifurtimox, which present low cure rates in the chronic phase of the disease as well as generating a number of adverse side effects. In this context, the development of new therapies for a better treatment of Chagas disease is necessary. In this study we investigated the anti-T.cruzi potential of physalins and betulinic acid, plant-based isolated steroids, in addition to synthetic derivatives from the latter, in in vitro assays. Our results demonstrate a high trypanocidal activity of physalins B and F and of the derivative BA5 against trypomastigote forms and on the processes of invasion and development of these on peritoneal macrophages. Electron microscopy revealed that physalin B or BA5 derivative treatment resulted in ultrastructural changes in the plasma membrane, Golgi apparatus, kinetoplast and endoplasmic reticulum of trypomastigotes forms. Additionally, these compounds contributed to the formation of atypical vacuoles in the appearance of myelin figures, which were labeled with MDC to confirm their identity as autophagic vacuoles. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that parasite death occurred mainly by necrosis. When combined with benznidazole, physalin B, physalin F or BA5 derivative, resulted in a higher anti-T. cruzi activity against amastigotes when compared to the compounds tested alone. These results indicate that steroids, such as physalins B and F and the derivative BA5, are potential candidates for an alternative treatment of Chagas disease. / A doen?a de Chagas ? uma zoonose causada pelo protozo?rio hemoflagelado Trypanosoma cruzi, que afeta milh?es de pessoas na Am?rica Latina. O tratamento dessa enfermidade se baseia na utiliza??o de dois f?rmacos, o benzonidazol e o nifurtimox, que possuem baixa taxa de cura na fase cr?nica da doen?a, al?m de gerarem uma s?rie de efeitos colaterais. Nesse contexto, o surgimento de novos medicamentos para uma quimioterapia mais adequada da doen?a de Chagas torna-se necess?rio. Neste estudo investigamos o potencial anti-T. cruzi de esteroides isolados de plantas, fisalinas e ?cido betul?nico, assim como de derivados sint?ticos deste ?ltimo, em ensaios in vitro. Nossos resultados demonstram uma elevada atividade tripanocida das fisalinas B e F e do derivado BA5 contra formas tripomastigotas e sobre os processos de invas?o e desenvolvimento destas em macr?fagos peritoneais. Atrav?s de ensaios de microscopia eletr?nica foi poss?vel observar que o tratamento com a fisalina B ou com o derivado BA5 causa altera??es ultraestruturais na membrana plasm?tica, complexo de Golgi, cinetoplasto e ret?culo endoplasm?tico das formas tripomastigotas, al?m da forma??o de vac?olos at?picos e o aparecimento de figuras miel?nicas, que foram marcadas com MDC para confirmar a sua identidade como vac?olos autof?gicos. An?lises por citometria de fluxo revelaram que a morte parasit?ria ocorre principalmente por necrose. A combina??o da fisalina B, da fisalina F ou do derivado BA5 com o benzonidazol resultou em uma maior atividade anti-T. cruzi frente a formas amastigotas quando comparados aos compostos testados de forma isolada. Estes resultados indicam que esteroides, tais como as fisalinas B e F e o derivado BA5, s?o potencias candidatos para o tratamento alternativo da doen?a de Chagas.
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Atividade Antitumoal in vitro e in vivo das fisalinas B e D isoladas da Physalis angulata Lin / In vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of physalins B and D isolated from physalis angulata LinHemerson Iury Ferreira MagalhÃes 08 September 2005 (has links)
CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae) à uma planta considerada daninha conhecida popularmente como Camapu, dispersa em vÃrios estados do Brasil e em vÃrios continentes. O presente trabalho relata o estudo fitoquÃmico dos extratos: clorofÃrmico e acetato de etila, oriundos do extrato etanÃlico das partes aÃreas de Physalis angulata L. A cromatografia em sÃlica gel resultou na separaÃÃo de cinco vitaesterÃides (fisalinas D, B, F, 5-a-etÃxi-6-b-hidrÃxi-5,6-diidrofisalina B, E, e uma fisalina semi-sintÃtica denominada de 5-a-etÃxi-6-b-hidrÃxi-2,3,5,6-tetrahidrofisalina B). As cinco fisalinas foram avaliadas quanto ao potencial citotÃxico em 9 linhagens de cÃlulas tumorais (CEM, HL-60, PC-3, HCT-8, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB 435, K-562, MCF-7, B-16), sobre o desenvolvimento de embriÃes de ouriÃo do mar e quanto à sua capacidade hemolÃtica. A atividade antitumoral in vivo para as fisalinas B e D foi avaliada em camundongos inoculados com o tumor sarcoma 180. As fisalinas apresentaram uma promissora atividade citotÃxica, sendo que a fisalina D foi a mais ativa sobre as cÃlulas tumorais com uma CI50 < 3,0 Âg/mL. As fisalinas D, B, F, 5-a-etÃxi-6-b-hidrÃxi-5,6-diidrofisalina B, inibiram o desenvolvimento embrionÃrio em uma concentraÃÃo < 30 Âg/mL, entretanto, na 1Â. divisÃo e na blÃstula, a fisalina D (PA-1), novamente foi a mais ativa, com CI50 = 4.786 e 5.498 Âg/mL, respectivamente. Na 3 divisÃo, a fisalina B (PA-2) mostrou uma CI50 de 5.308 Âg/mL. Nenhuma fisalina apresentou atividade hemolÃtica na mÃxima concentraÃÃo testada (200 Âg/mL). O estudo dos efeitos das fraÃÃes sobre a viabilidade (exclusÃo por azul de tripan), e induÃÃo de morte (coloraÃÃo por BE/LA) nas cÃlulas HL-60 demonstrou que principalmente a fisalina B e D (10 Âg/mL) foram as mais fortes indutoras do fenÃmeno apoptÃtico. PorÃm, fisalina D (15 Âg/mL) apresentou elevado perfil na induÃÃo de necrose celular. As fisalinas D e fisalina B nas doses de 10 e 25 mg/Kg apresentaram potencial de inibiÃÃo do crescimento tumoral correspondente a 45% em ambas as doses para a fisalina D e de 44 e 52%, respectivamente para a fisalina B. Esta atividade antitumoral in vivo foi relacionada à inibiÃÃo da taxa de proliferaÃÃo do tumor, como observado pela marcaÃÃo atravÃs do anticorpo Ki-67. A anÃlise de histopatolÃgica de rim e fÃgado mostrou que ambos os ÃrgÃos foram moderadamente afetados apÃs o tratamento com as fisalinas, mas de uma maneira reversÃvel / The present study describes the phytochemical analysis of the chloroform and ethyl acetate partitions obtained from the ethanol extract of Physalis angulata L. (Solanaceae). The sÃlica gel chromatography resulted on the separation of 5 whytaesteroids (physalina D, B, F, 5-a-etoxi-6-b-hidroxi-5,6-dihidrophysalin B, E and a semi-synthetic physalin named as 5-a-etÃxi-6-b-hidrÃxi-2,3,5,6-tetrahidrophysalin B). The physalins were evaluated for their cytotoxic potentials on 9 tumor cell lines (CEM, HL-60, PC-3, HCT-8, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB 435, K-562, MCF-7, B-16), on the embryogenesis of sea-urchin eggs and for its lytic capacity in erythrocytes. Antitumoral activity in vivo was observed on a mouse model inoculated with Sarcoma 180. The physalins showed a promising cytotoxic effect, being physalin D the most active on the cell lines (IC50 < 3,0 mg/mL). The physalins D, B, F, 5-a-etoxi-6-b-hidroxi-5, 6-dihidrophysalin B inhibited the progression of the sea-urchin embryoâs cell cycle within a concentration under 30 Âg/mL. On the 1st cleavage and blastulae stages, physalin D showed to be the most active, with the respective IC50 of 4.786 and 5.498 Âg/mL. On 3rd cleavage, physalin B presented an IC50 of 5.308 Âg/mL. None of the physalins showed any sings of lytic activity in concentrations as high as 200 Âg/mL. The study about the physalins effects upon cell viability (trypan blue daye) and death mechanisms on HL-60 cells (EB/AO staining) suggests that physalins B and D were the strongest inducers of apoptosis. Physalin D also induced cellular necrosis on a rather intense level. Physalin B, on doses of 10 and 25 mg/Kg, inhibited tumor growth on 44 e 52%, respectively, while physalin D inhibited tumor growth on 45% in both treatments. The antitumor activity in vivo was related to the lowest proliferation rate, as evaluated by the Ki-67 antibody marker. The histopathological analysis of kidney and liver suggests that those organs are affected, in a reversible manner, on mice treated with physalins
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I. Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds From Suriname and Madagascar flora. II. A Synthetic Approach to LucilactaeneAdou, Eba 30 January 2006 (has links)
As part of an International Cooperative Biodiversity Group (ICBG), extracts of plants from Suriname and Madagascar were bioassayed for cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity. Six cytotoxic extracts and one potential antimalarial were selected for fractionation, and yielded a number of bioactive compounds which were characterized by spectroscopy methods. Craspidospermum verticillatum (Apocynaceae) yielded four known indole alkoids. Casimirella sp (Icacinaceae) gave three new and five known diterpenoids. Pentopetia androsaemifolia (Apocynaceae) afforded one new and three known cardenolide glycosides. Physalis angulata (Solanaceae) yielded seven known physalins. Roupellina boivinnii (Apocynaceae) yielded four known and three new cardenolide glycosides, and three known cucurbitacins were isolated from Octolepis aff. dioica (Thymelaeaceae).
In addition to these structural studies, a synthetic approach to lucilactaene, a cell cycle inhibitor was developed. / Ph. D.
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