The purpose of this investigation was to compare the effectiveness of integrated and segregated settings in elementary physical education. The efficacy of each setting was measured by the quantity of opportunities to respond (OTR) and the quality of those responses. This study examined the frequency and motor appropriateness of OTRs for children with developmental disabilities in integrated and segregated physical education classes. This study utilized a single subject alternating conditions design. Four students, 7 to 11 years, with developmental disabilities participated in this study. All participants received both general (integrated) physical education and adapted (segregated) physical education services throughout the 1997-1998 school year. Subjects were videotaped during the lesson focus portion of both the integrated and the segregated physical education settings once each week for a total of five weeks. Data on the frequency and motor appropriateness of the OTRs were collected and analyzed for each participant in both settings. Students with developmental disabilities generally made more responses in the segregated physical education setting. The motor appropriateness of these responses were similar in both segregated and integrated settings, although it was marginally higher in the segregated setting. The results of this investigation demonstrated that students with developmental disabilities received higher quantities of OTRs in the segregated physical education setting. However, there was little difference between settings with respect to the quality of the OTRs for three of the four subjects. For this reason and other suspected academic and social benefits of integration, an integrated physical education setting may prove beneficial for a number of students with disabilities. / Graduation date: 1998

<p>The overall aim of the study was to determine the opportunities and challenges NGOs encounter when using sport as a vehicle for development within the education system, in post-apartheid South Africa. A case study design has been chosen since it will offer real insight, showing how specific sports programmes work in specific contexts. Two NGOs, Grassroot Soccer (GRS) and the Extra-Mural Education Project (EMEP) constitute the cases, with an in-depth exploration of their work and the challenges they face. The study population includes employees of GRS, EMEP, target groups of the organisations and officials in the Department of Education. Key informants, including the head of research, managing directors, coaching/training staff at each organisation, officials in the Department of Education and community leaders were purposively selected to participate in the study. Data was collected by means of in-depth interviews, document reviews and observations. In-depth interviews were conducted with the head of research, managing directors, coaching and training staff at each organisation, principals and teachers of selected schools and community leaders. The analysis of the interviews started with the transcription of information from audio-tape recordings. Both pre-determined and emerging themes were noted. The results illustrated that although certain challenges were common to both organisations, others are unique.</p>

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the acute effects of local vibration on muscle performance at different durations and frequencies. Fifteen male handball players participated in the study voluntarily. University&rsquo / s Ethics Committee approved the study and the informed consent forms were filled by all participants. Different vibration durations, (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min), different frequencies (40 and 80 Hz), dominancy (dominant and non-dominant) and conditions (vibration and no-vibration) were independent variables of study. Dependent variables were maximum isometric strength measures under different situations. One way Repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferoni adjusted paired sample t-tests and Two way Repeated ANOVA was used for statistical analyses. Result of this study demonstrated that local vibration (LV) induced significantly higher muscle activity than no vibration (NV) condition. Strength improvements were obtained in quadriceps muscles of dominant and non-dominant legs for 40 Hz and 80 Hz. When 40 Hz vibration was applied to dominant leg with different durations (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min), significantly higher strength measures were found than no vibration. When 80 Hz vibration was applied to dominant leg with different durations (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min), only 10-sec vibration duration revealed significant increase in strength measures. When 40 Hz vibration was applied to non-dominant leg with different durations, (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min) significantly higher strength measures were found than no vibration. When 80 Hz vibration was applied to non-dominant leg with different durations (10 sec, 1 min, 10 min), 10-sec and 1 min vibration durations revealed significant increase in strength measures. However, no significant difference was obtained when the different vibration durations were compared between 40 Hz and 80 Hz.

Thesis (M.S.)--Western Washington University, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 48-52).

Thesis (doctoral)--Göteborgs universitet, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 253-277).

Thesis (Ed.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2009. / Advisers: David Boote, Debbie Hahs-Vaughn. Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-153).

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 67-84).

Thesis PlanB (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Stout, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

published_or_final_version / Physical Education and Sport Science / Master / Master of Philosophy

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