Sports and its effects on children have been researched for the benefits that it may bring. The purpose of this study is to see if sports competency, assessed by both peer reports and self-reports, benefits both boys and girls and whether it protects children who generally are gender-atypical from adjustment difficulties and also to see if there are any interactive influences of cross-gender typing and sports competency on self-esteem, depression, and other adjustment indexes. Our results found that there was a significant interaction between sports competence and cross-gender typing when looking at popularity and also a significant interaction between sports self-efficacy and cross-gender typing when looking at self-esteem. Our data did not provide sufficient support for our buffering hypothesis, but it allowed for us to conclude that self-esteem of low-cross-gender-typed children profit more from high sports self-efficacy and suffer more from low sports self-efficacy than the self-esteem of high-cross-gender-typed children. / by Arian Frias. / Thesis (M.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2011. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2011. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The primary purpose of this study was to examine the impact of acute highintensity interval Exercise (HIIE) on plasma cfDNA and IL-6 responses in obese and normal-weight subjects. Fifteen subjects (8 obese and 7 normal-weight) were recruited to participate in an acute HIIE protocol. Our results demonstrated a significant elevation across time in plasma cfDNA and IL-6 immediately following acute HIIE, with no difference between obese and normal-weight subjects. Furthermore, cfDNA was not correlated with IL-6 in response to acute HIIE in either group. These findings indicate that the obese state does not further exacerbate the release of acute HIIE-induced inflammatory mediators (cfDNA and IL-6), which suggests that HIIE training may serve as a time-effective exercise strategy to improve obesity-associated inflammation. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2017. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

The purpose of this study was to determine if barbell circuit training (RTC) as a model for concurrent training is superior to high intensity interval (CTHI) or moderate intensity continuous (CTMI) cycling for changes in muscular strength, hypertrophy, and body composition. Eleven trained males were recruited and counterbalanced into three groups. Each program featured three alternating days of resistance training per week, with one of the above time-equated (30-minute) concurrent training modalities between sessions. All groups increased muscular strength (p<0.05, RTC=7.48%, CTHI=10.32%, CTMI=15.74%) with no group differences (p>0.05). Increases in upper body muscle hypertrophy were similar in RTC and CTMI (p<0.01, RTC=20.18%, CTMI=20.97%), increases in lower body muscle hypertrophy only occurred in CTMI (VM: p=0.01, 38.59%, VLP: p=0.07, 13.33%), while no hypertrophy changes were detected in CTHI (p>0.05), no group experienced changes in body composition (p>0.05). These findings suggest similar muscle performance benefits from barbell circuit or cycling concurrent training. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2015 / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

Chu Pak-Keung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-88). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese; questionnaire in Chinese. / Chu Pak-Keung. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.I / ABSTRACT --- p.II / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.V / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.IX / LIST OF TABLES --- p.XIII / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / BACKGROUND OF STUDY --- p.1 / KINEMATICS OF CYCLING --- p.2 / PEDALLING RATE OPTIMIZATION --- p.2 / DIFFERENT FORMS OF CYCLING OPTIMIZATION --- p.2 / FROM EXPERIMENT TO PRACTICE --- p.3 / RESEARCH PROBLEMS --- p.3 / IMPORTANCE OF CADENCE IN CYCLING --- p.3 / MODIFICATION OF CYCLING TECHNIQUE --- p.5 / PURPOSES OF STUDY --- p.5 / SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY --- p.6 / HYPOTHESES --- p.7 / DEFINITION OF TERMS AND OPERATIONAL VARIABLES --- p.7 / DELIMITATIONS AND LIMITATIONS --- p.9 / DELIMITATIONS --- p.9 / LIMITATIONS --- p.9 / REVIEW OF LITERATURE --- p.11 / METHODS OF CADENCE OPTIMIZATION --- p.11 / ENERGY PRODUCTION AND EFFICIENCY --- p.11 / BIOMECHANICAL OPTIMIZATION ESTIMATES --- p.13 / PERCEIVED EXERTION --- p.16 / CHOICE OF OPTIMIZATION METHOD --- p.17 / MUSCLE FATIGUE --- p.18 / CONCEPT OF FATIGUE --- p.18 / FATIGUE CATEGORIES --- p.19 / DETECTION OF MUSCLE FATIGUE BY INTEGRATED EMG --- p.20 / NEUROMUSCULAR FATIGUE OF WORKING MUSCLE DURING CYCLING EXERCISE --- p.23 / FEEDBACK TRAINING --- p.24 / ROLE OF FEEDBACK IN SKILL ACQUISITION --- p.24 / KNOWLEDGE OF RESULTS --- p.24 / SELECTION OF BIOMECHANICAL VARIABLE FOR FEEDBACK --- p.25 / AUGMENTED FEEDBACK IN CYCLING TRAINING --- p.26 / RETENTION --- p.26 / SUMMARY OF REVIEW --- p.29 / METHODOLOGY --- p.32 / DESIGN --- p.32 / SUBJECTS --- p.33 / PROTOCOL --- p.34 / OPTIMAL CADENCE DETERMINATION --- p.34 / AUGMENTED FEEDBACK ASSESSMENT --- p.34 / 10 DAY TRAINING SCHEDULE --- p.35 / INSTRUMENTATION --- p.38 / MEASUREMENT OF EMG --- p.41 / DATA ANALYSIS --- p.43 / RESULTS --- p.46 / SUBJECT V02Max RESULT --- p.46 / IEMG SLOPE OF SUBJECTS --- p.47 / POST-TEST AND RETENTION TEST IN AUGMENTED FEEDBACK TRAINING --- p.50 / TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE --- p.50 / DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CONTROL AND EXPERIMENT GROUP ACROSS DIFFERENT CADENCE ERRORS --- p.53 / DISTRIBUTION OF TIME PERCENTAGE OF DIFFERENT CADENCE ERRORS --- p.54 / STABILITY IN THE VARIABILITY OF CADENCE --- p.55 / PERFORMANCE IN ACQUISITION PHASE --- p.59 / TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE --- p.60 / DISTRIBUTION OF TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DURING ACQUISITION PHASE --- p.62 / STABILITY IN THE VARIABILITY OF CADENCE --- p.64 / SUMMARY OF RESULT FINDINGS --- p.66 / DISCUSSION --- p.67 / OPTIMAL CADENCE OF SUBJECTS --- p.67 / IEMG SLOPE OF SUBJECTS --- p.67 / POST-TEST AND RETENTION TEST IN AUGMENTED FEEDBACK TRAINING --- p.69 / TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE BY MORE THAN ZERO RPM --- p.70 / "TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE BY MORE THAN ONE, TWO AND THREE RPM" --- p.70 / TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE BY MORE THAN FOUR RPM --- p.71 / STABILITY IN THE VARIABILITY OF CADENCE --- p.72 / ACQUISITION PHASE OF AUGMENTED FEEDBACK TRAINING --- p.73 / "TIME PERCENTAGE OF CADENCE ERROR DEVIATED FROM OPTIMAL CADENCE BY MORE THAN ZERO, ONE, TWO AND THREE RPM" --- p.73 / STABILITY IN THE VARIABILITY OF CADENCE --- p.74 / CONCLUSIONS --- p.76 / RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.77 / REFERENCES --- p.78 / APPENDIXES --- p.89 / INFORMED CONSENT FORM --- p.90 / PAR-Q FORM --- p.91 / YMCA SUBMAXIMAL CYCLE ERGOMETER TEST --- p.92 / IEMG GRAPHS --- p.93

Orientador: Priscila Missaki Nakamura / Coorientador: Larissa Cerignoni Benites / Banca: Emerson Sebastião / Banca: Roberto Tadeu Iaochite / Resumo: A prevalência de adolescentes brasileiros expostos ao tempo sentado, como utilizar smartphones mais de 5 horas e 51 minutos por dia, é de 65%. Assim, as intervenções para reduzir o comportamento sedentário (CS) em jovens são importantes, mas pouco se sabe sobre como reduzir o CS dos adolescentes por meio do uso de aplicativos de smartphones, o que é interessante, uma vez que essa ferramenta é usada por 87,4% dos jovens brasileiros. Mas antes de criar um aplicativo com esse propósito, é necessário verificar as variáveis associadas ao CS de determinada região e explorar as características que o aplicativo deverá possuir para futuramente ser criado. Com base nisso, o objetivo do estudo foi verificar os fatores sociodemográficos associados ao CS e explorar as características que aplicativos para smartphones devem conter para redução do CS no tempo livre a partir da visão dos adolescentes. Participaram do estudo 482 adolescentes (14,43±2,08 anos) de 3 escolas públicas e 2 particulares do ensino fundamental (anos finais) e ensino médio da cidade de Rio Claro - SP. Para a coleta de dados, os participantes responderam a um questionário de identificação, anamnese clínica e questionário para caracterizar o nível socioeconômico; o Questionário de Comportamento Sedentário, com questões adicionais relacionadas ao CS e o uso de smartphones e videogames; o Questionário de Atividade Física Habitual para Adolescentes e mensuração do peso e estatura para o cálculo de Índice de Massa Corporal (... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The prevalence of Brazilian adolescents exposed to sitting time, such as using smartphones for more than 5 hours and 51 minutes per day, is 65%. Thus, interventions to reduce sedentary behavior (SB) in adolescents are important, but little is known about how to reduce adolescents' SB using smartphone applications, which is interesting, since this tool is used by 87.4% of the Brazilian adolescents. However, before creating an application for this purpose, it is necessary to check the variables associated with the SB of a given region and to explore the characteristics that the application must have to be created in the future. Based on this, the aim of this study was to verify the sociodemographic factors associated with SB and explore the characteristics that applications for smartphones should contain to reduce SB in leisure time from the adolescents' view. A total of 482 adolescents (14.43 ± 2.08 years) from 3 public schools and 2 private elementary schools (final years) and high school in the city of Rio Claro - SP participated to the study. For the data collection, the participants answered an identification questionnaire, clinical anamnesis and a questionnaire to characterize the socioeconomic level; the Sedentary Behavior Questionnaire, with additional questions related to SB and the use of smartphones and video games; the Normal Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and weight and height measurement for the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI) (kg / m²). The ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

No description available.

Typescript (photocopy) / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

Orientador: Angelina Zanesco / Banca: Camila de Moraes / Banca: Edilamar Menezes de Oliveira / Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi analisar o Sistema Renina-Angiotensina circulante, concentrações plasmáticas de Nitrito/Nitrato e biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo em mulheres normotensas e hipertensas no climatério. Noventa e seis voluntárias participaram do estudo, sendo sessenta e sete voluntárias normotensas (NT) e vinte e nove voluntárias hipertensas (HT) com idade de 52,07±0,88 e 55,48±1,51 anos, respectivamente. Parâmetros antropométricos (peso corporal, índice de massa corporal - IMC) cardiovasculares (pressão arterial sistólica - PAS, pressão arterial diastólica - PAD) e bioquímicos (perfil lipídico, glicemia, atividade da enzima conversora de angiotensina - Ativ. ECA, concentrações de Angiotensina I - Ang I, Angiotensina II - Ang II e Angiotensina-(1-7) - (Ang-(1-7), concentrações de nitrito/nitrato (NOx-), atividade da SOD e catalase e concentrações séricas de MDA) foram analisados. Não foram observadas diferenças entre os parâmetros antropométricos, hormonais, perfil lipídico e biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo entre as voluntárias NT e HT. Por outro lado, foram observadas diferenças significativas na PAS, PAD, glicemia, os peptídeos do SRA [Ang I, Ang II e Ang-(1-7)] e as concentrações de NOx-. Quando divididas em perimenopausa e pós-menopausa, observamos diferença estatisticamente significativa, com redução da atividade da SOD, aumento das concentrações de NOx- e do SRA (ativ. ECA e Ang II) para as mulheres hipertensas após a menopausa enquanto que o mesmo não ocorreu nas mulheres normotensas. Portanto, mulheres HT após a menopausa apresentam elevação da atividade do SRA medidos pela atividade da ECA e Ang II. Esses dados mostram que a elevação do sistema renina-angiotensina é potencializada no período após a menopausa em mulheres com a presença de hipertensão arterial / Abstract: Not available / Mestre

Orientador: Ruth Ferreira Santos-Galduróz / Banca: Hirofumi Iyeyasu / Banca: Hanna Karen Moreira Antunes / Banca: Flávia Gomes de Melo Coelho / Banca: José Luiz Riani Costa / Resumo: Durante o climatério há uma redução nas concentrações dos hormônios femininos. Neste período pode ocorrer também, perdas em funções cognitivas, além do aparecimento de sintomas que afetam a vida das mulheres. O extrato de soja contémfitoestrógenos naturais (isoflavonas) os quais, na atualidade, se apresentam como uma possível alternativa à terapia de reposição hormonal convencional, pois começam a surgir, cada vez mais, estudos que descrevem seus efeitos favoráveis na manutenção e melhora das funções motoras e cognitivas. Assim, o objetivo desta tese foi descrever as alterações cognitivas, motoras e funcionais de mulheres no climatério, bem como, verificar os efeitos de extrato seco da soja (Glycinemax 150mg/dia) sobre estes parâmetros. A presente tese foi dividida em cinco capítulos: No primeiro capítulo é apresentada uma introdução ao tema climatério, destacando-se aspectos relevantes aos capítulos subsequentes. O capítulo dois consiste em um artigo de revisão sobre as alterações em funções cognitivas e motoras de mulheres no climatério. O capítulo três é uma revisão sistemática sobre os efeitos da isoflavona nas funções cognitivas e no climatério. O capítulo quatro, é resultado de um estudo que versa sobre os efeitos do extrato de soja na motricidade, funções cognitivas e nos sintomas do climatério, por meio de um ensaio clínico duplo cego. Para finalizar, o capitulo cinco trata-se de um fechamento da tese, onde são apresentadas as considerações finais / Abstract: During climacteric there is a reduction of female hormones concentrations. In this period, losses in cognitive functions in addition to the appearance of symptoms that affect women lives may occur. The soy extract contains natural phytoestrogens (isoflavones) which, currently, are presented as a possible alternative to conventional hormone replacement therapy. Studies describing their favorable effects on maintenance and improvement of the motor and cognitive function are, increasable, emerging. Thus, the objective of this thesis was to describe the cognitive, motor and functional changes in climacteric women as well as to check the effects of dry extract of soybean (Glycine max 150mg / day) on these parameters. This present thesis has been divided into five chapters: The first chapter presents an introduction to climacteric theme, highlighting relevant aspects to the subsequent chapters. Chapter two consists in an article review about the changes in cognitive and motor functions of climacteric women. Chapter three is a systematic review about the effects of isoflavones on cognitive function and menopause. Chapter four is the result of a study that addresses the effects of soy extract in motor and cognitive functions as well as the climacteric symptoms through a double blind clinical trial. Finally, chapter five is the closing of the thesis, where final considerations are presented / Doutor

Ethnic minority female physical education (PE) teachers who work in predominantly white schools may face multiple forms of marginalization and oppression due to the embodiment of a racialized and gendered identity which is positioned as “other” within PE contexts. A significant gap exists between diversifying teacher and student populations, thus warranting an examination of how sociocultural factors impact a teacher’s identity. Purpose: To explore how race and gender intersect in the embodied identities of ethnic minority female PE teachers in predominantly white schools in the United States. Methods: This study used narrative and visual research methods from a constructivist paradigmatic lens and followed guidelines for narrative-based, semi-structured, and conversational interviews coupled with photo elicitation. Results: The pilot study demonstrated how participants often felt isolated and uncomfortable in their schools, actively seeking out other ethnic minorities to make meaningful connections and validate their embodied identities. The full study indicated that participants enacted colorblind discourses in order to assimilate into their school settings yet also experienced internal conflict over their super-visibility as minority members within white majoritarian schools. Finally, the full study illustrated participants’ self-affirming strategies and resilience in working for social justice within their predominantly white school contexts, and how notions of transformational resistance sustained their commitment to furthering the field of PE towards more inclusive and critical pedagogies. Discussion: This research demonstrated how schools are often sites of continued racialized marginalization for ethnic minority community members and served as an important reminder that future research should avoid enacting a “deficit” or “savior” position when examining issues of racial inequality. Instead, it is imperative that scholarship in the field employ an agentic perspective which recognizes the autonomy of its subjects in reframing their experiences towards empowerment. The agency of “othered” school community members should be centered within the notion of schools as sites of marginalizing pedagogies for research that aims to destabilize dominant discourses and disrupt the resulting oppression embedded within the educational system in the United States.