Orientador: José Carlos Silva Camargo Filho / Banca: Carlos Marques Vanderlei / Banca: Paulo Henrique Ferreira / Resumo: OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito da exposição à poluição por fumaça de tabaco associado ao exercício físico em natação na morfometria do núcleo da fibra muscular cardíaca de ratos provenientes de matrizes tabagistas passivas. MÉTODOS: Onze ratas virgens, divididas em dois grupos: G1 (matriz controle) e G2 (matriz exposta à fumaça de tabaco) foram utilizadas para acasalamento. Os 42 animais gerados e incluídos neste estudo foram divididos em oito grupos: grupo controle, grupo natação, grupo tabaco e grupo tabaco natação e, a mesma divisão dos grupos diferindo-se pelo fato de serem provenientes de matrizes submetidas ou não a poluição por fumaça de tabaco. A prole foi submetida a um protocolo de natação e de exposição à poluição por fumaça de tabaco durante 30 dias, respeitando-se as divisões de grupo. Em seguida, após a eutanásia com 90 dias de vida dos animais, o coração foi removido rapidamente, fixado e submetido a processamento histológico e corado com hematoxilina-eosina para capacitar a análise morfométrica... / Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of exposure to tobacco smoke pollution associated with exercise in swimming in the morphometry of the nuclei of cardiac muscle fiber of rats from passive smoking mothers. METHODS: Eleven virgin rats were divided in two groups: G1 (control mother) and G2 (mother exposed to tobacco smoking pollution) were used for mating. The 31 animals generated and included in this study were divided in six groups: control group, tobacco smoke and group tobacco and swimming and the same division of the groups differed by the fact of being from mothers submitted or not to tobacco smoke pollution. The offspring was submitted to a protocol of swimming and exposure to tobacco smoking pollution for 30 days, respecting the divisions of the group. Then after euthanasia with 90 days of animal life, the heart was quickly removed, fixed and submitted to histological processing and stained with hematoxylin - eosin to enable morphometric analysis... / Mestre

Orientador: Patrícia Monteiro Seraphim / Banca: Luiz Carlos Marques Vanderlei / Banca: Gisele Alborghetti Nai / Resumo: Introdução: A obesidade está ligada a progressão de doenças crônicas associadas à disfunção mitocondrial. O treinamento de resistência pode ser considerado uma abordagem válida para reversão desses fatores ainda pouco explorados na população obesa. Objetivo: Investigar o efeito do treinamento resistido sobre a composição corporal, colesterol e glicose circulantes, alterações cardiovasculares e hepáticas e sobre a expressão de genes do metabolismo mitocondrial de ratos obesos induzidos por dieta hipercalórica. Métodos: Foram utilizados 36 ratos machos Wistar, aleatoriamente separados em Controle Sedentário (CS), Controle Exercitado (CE), Obeso Sedentário (OS) e Obeso Exercitado (OE). Para os animais obesos foi ofertada uma dieta hipercalórica (D.H). O treinamento resistido (T.R) foi progressivo durante 12 semanas com base na Repetição Máxima (RM), com carga a partir de 50% até 100% PC. Os tecidos, coração, pulmão e fígado foram coletados para análise histológica, sangue para análises séricas, músculo esquelético gastrocnêmio para análise da expressão de genes pela técnica de RT-PCR e tecido adiposo para mensuração da adiposidade. Foram utilizados os testes de Anova- One Way e Kruskall Wallis. Resultados: O Grupo OS se destacou pela quantidade de triglicerídeos (p<0,0001) e glicose circulantes (p<0,001). Foi detectado aumento na espessura da artéria pulmonar e ventrículo direito (VD) no grupo OS (p<0,0001). Na análise Fractal o VD apresentou diferença entre OS e CE (p=0,04). Na... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: Obesity is linked to the progression of chronic diseases associated to mitochondrial dysfunction. Resistance training can be considered a valid approach to reverse these factors that are still poorly explored in obese. Objective: To address the effect of resistive training on body composition, circulating cholesterol and glucose, cardiovascular and hepatic alterations, and on mitochondrial gene expression. Noting the role of resistance training in preventing, maintaining or increasing these factors. Methods: Thirty - six male Wistar rats were divided in Control Sedentary (CS), Control Exercised (CE), Obese Sedentary (OS) and Obese Exercised (OE) groups. Obese animals were offered a hypercaloric diet (HD). Resistance training (RT) was progressive for 12 weeks based on Maximum Repetition (MR), with load from 50% to 100% of BW. The tissues, heart, lung and liver were collected for histological analysis, blood for serum analysis, gastrocnemius skeletal muscle for analysis of gene expression by the RT-PCR and periepidydimal adipose tissue was removed to measure adiposity level. Anova-One Way and Kruskall Wallis tests were used. Results: OS group was distinguished by the amount of circulating triglycerides (p <0.0001) and glucose (p <0.001). Increased thickness of the pulmonary artery and right ventricle (RV) in the OS group was detected (p <0.0001). In the Fractal analysis the RV presented difference between OS and CE (p = 0.04). In hepatic analysis, the OS group had... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Patrícia Monteiro Seraphim / Banca: Fabio Santos de Lira / Banca: Gisele Alborchetti Nai / Resumo: Introdução: Uma alimentação do tipo "jung-food" é cada vez mais frequente no dia-a-dia da população. Por possuir alto teor de sódio, açúcar e gorduras, conduz ao desenvolvimento de sobrepeso, obesidade, dislipidemias, hipertensão, disfunções mitocondriais e doenças hepáticas e cardiovasculares. O treinamento físico é uma ferramenta muito utilizada no combate de desenvolvimento de todas estas doenças, porém não está claro na literatura se poderia evitar o desenvolvimento de doenças na presença de ingestão de dieta hipercalórica e se a cessação do treinamento poderia afetar o efeito do treinamento físico nesta situação. Métodos: Foram utilizados 42 ratos machos Wistar divididos em: Controle Sedentário (CS), Obeso Sedentário (OS), Controle Exercício (CE), Obeso Exercício (OE), Controle Destreinado (CD), Obeso Destreinado (OD). Os grupos obesos foram alimentados com uma dieta hipercalórica. Os grupos exercitados realizaram treinamento resistido de 12 semanas, com cessação do treinamento na oitava semana para os destreinados. Foi feito o teste de tolerância a insulina (ITT) uma semana antes da eutanásia. Foram coletados sangue para análises de triglicerídeos e glicose, músculo sóleo para expressão de genes mitocondriais, e coração, pulmão e fígado para análise histológica no dia da eutanásia. Foram utilizados os testes Anova-One Way para comparação entre os grupos com pós-teste de Tukey, e teste de Kruskall Wallis para resultados não paramétricos (Esteatose). Valores de P inferior... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Introduction: A jung-food type food is increasingly common, and has a high sodium, sugar and fat content. The consumption of these foods leads to overweight and obesity, and consequently diseases such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, mitochondrial dysfunctions and liver and cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Forty two male Wistar rats were divided in: Control Sedentary (CS), Obese Sedentary (OS), Control Exercised (CE), Obese Exercised (OE), Control Detrained (CD), Obese Detrained (OD). Obese groups were fed with hypercaloric diet. Trained groups performed resistance training during 12 weeks, with cessation of training in the eighth week. The insulin tolerance test (ITT) was done one week before euthanasia. Blood was collected for serum analysis, soleus muscle for expression of mitochondrial genes, heart, lung and liver for histological analysis on the day of euthanasia. Anova-One Way tests were used to compare the Tukey post-test and Kruskall Wallis test groups for non-parametric results (Steatosis). P values below 5% were considered significant. Results: Throughout the intervention period, the OS group gained the most weight. On the other hand, the detrained groups gained body weight rapidly after the eighth week with OD reaching final weight similar to OS (p <0.0001), which presented the highest absolute fat mass (p <0.0001). The fasting glycemia of the CE group was lower when compared to the detrained groups (p = 0.0003). In the ITT analysis, OS animals showed higher kITT (p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The Graduate Record Exam (GRE) is an admission criterion for many different graduate programs including the Doctorate of Physical Therapy (DPT). Upon completion of a DPT program, the National Physical Therapy Exam (NPTE) must be passed with a minimum score of 600 in order to practice as a physical therapist. This study analyzes the relationship between GRE and graduate grade point average (GGPA) and NPTE scores to explore the ability of GRE and GGPA scores to predict NPTE success. Similar studies have been done in the past, but the results vary between studies. GRE, GGPA, and NPTE records were gathered for 67 DPT students that graduated from 2007 to 2009. Scatterplots were created using the GRE score and GGPA for the x values and the NPTE score for the y value. The correlation coefficient r was calculated to determine the strength of the linear association. The GRE and NPTE scores had an r value of 0.2143 which indicates a weak positive correlation. The GGPA and NPTE scores had an r value of 0.535 which indicates a moderate positive correlation.

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between the dosage parameters and temperature increase at the target tissues (up to 5 cm below the skin surface), and to explore the possibility of proposing a preliminary model to guide clinicians and researchers in determining treatment dosages based on expected increase in temperatures at the target tissue. Prior to the conduct of the main study several protocol-related issues were investigated. These included the reliability of the measurement procedures, the optimum speed of movement of the transducer, the optimum size of the treatment area, and the maximum output intensity that could be considered safe for treatment applications and investigations. An in-vitro post-mortem pig model was chosen for the experimental design using only adult-sized pigs, weighing between 60 to 80 kilograms. A total of 76 specimens were obtained from the shoulder and thigh sections of 19 pigs. The therapeutic ultrasound machine used throughout the study was the Omnisound 3000TM (Physio Technology Inc., Topeka, Kansas, USA) Output from the Omnisound 3000TM was checked and calibrated as necessary prior to each experiment using a power meter (Model UPM-DT-10, Ohmnic Instruments Co., St. Michaels, Maryland 21663, USA). Calibration was only performed when the checks demonstrated an error in the output intensity of the machine exceeded ±10%. The Minolta spot thermometer (HT-11, Minolta Co. Ltd., Japan) and the Avio thermal video system (TVS) 2000TM (Nippon Avionics Co. Ltd., Japan) were used to measure the change in tissue temperatures (dependent variable) at the skin surface and subcutaneously (at l, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm below skin surface) respectively. The prepared specimen was mounted on a fixed table, with the clean cross-section facing the infrared thermographic camera. / The camera to specimen distance was standardised at 50 cm for all experiments. Markers corresponding to 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 cm on the specimen were plotted on the display unit, and saved to a 3.5 inch floppy disk. Measurements were recorded at baseline (prior to commencement of the experiment) and subsequently at 1-minute intervals during 10 minutes of exposure to the ultrasound, and for a further 10 minutes post-exposure, until the end of the experiment at 20 minutes. In general, there were five main parameters for all the studies: the movement speed of the transducer, the size of the treatment, and the frequency, intensity and duration of exposure and post-exposure to ultrasound. These five parameters represented the independent variables for all the studies. The dependent variable throughout was change in tissue temperature (measured in °C) at the skin surface, and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 cm below the skin surface. Data were analysed using the SPSS for Windows software, Version 10.0 (SPSS Inc., 444N Michigan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA). Analyses of the data, using a repeated measures analysis of variance procedure, were performed on change in temperature, rather than actual temperature measured at selected time points. Only data from the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th minutes were analysed. This corresponded to the middle and end of the ultrasound exposure phase (5th and 10th minute) and post-exposure phase (15th and 20th minute), as these were considered to be representative of both these phases of data collection. / Data for all 20-minute sampling is provided in the table of means for each experiment. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05. Results of the reliability study showed that both the infrared spot thermometer and the video thermography unit were reliable within acceptable limits (as defined in this study). The latter, however, was more reliable than the former. In addition, the reliability was better for the post-exposure phase compared with the exposure phase, and for deeper tissues compared with the superficial and surface tissues. An unplanned analysis of the twenty minutes of data (at one minute intervals) suggested the possibility of reducing the duration factor from 20 to 4 (5th, 10th, 15th and 20th minute). In this manner, the data analyses for subsequent studies could be simplified considerably without affecting the overall results. Results of the other protocol-related studies showed that: a. There was no difference in change in temperatures between the slow (60 beats/min or 7cm/s), moderate (120 beats/min or 14cm/s) and fast (180 beats/min or 21cm/s) movement speeds of the transducer. However, for practical reasons, the moderate speed was recommended for subsequent studies; b. There was a significant difference in change in temperatures between the small (2X ERA), medium (3X ERA) and large (4X ERA) treatment sizes. The small treatment size provided the most effective and deeper heating, and was the recommended treatment size for subsequent studies; c. For both 1 and 3 MHz, tissue damage did not occur for intensities up to 1.5 Watts/cm[superscript]2. However, irreversible thermal injury to the tissues occurred at 2.0 Watts/cm[superscript]2 (1 MHz). / Therefore, the recommended maximum intensity at which investigations could be carried out without any risks of thermal injury to the tissues was 1.5 Watt s/cm[superscript]2 for both 1 and 3 MHz. The results from the main study demonstrated that the increase in temperature due to absorption of the ultrasonic energy at any of the investigated target sites (up to 5 cm below surface) was related to the ultrasound frequency, intensity and duration of exposure. For the frequency factor, the evidence seems to suggest that compared with the 3 MHz ultrasound, the 1 MHz frequency may be more appropriate for clinical applications as it does not overheat surface tissues, and at the same time, is able to increase the temperatures of target tissues up to a depth of 5 cm. For the intensity factor, the results suggest that the therapeutic range of intensities which can be considered neither too low (as to be ineffective) nor too high (as to be damaging) are 0.5 to 1.3 Watts/cm 2 and 0.3 to 0.5 Watts/cm[superscript]2 for 1 and 3 MHz respectively The narrow therapeutic range for 3 MHz could render it questionable for clinical applications. In contrast, the larger therapeutic range available for the 1 MHz frequency suggests that it is more suitable for clinical applications and research. For the duration factor, the results demonstrated that the temperatures at all tissue sites increased as the duration of exposure increased. / However, for the post-exposure phase, while the superficial tissues decreased with time, the deeper tissues continued to increase in their temperatures, albeit gradually. In summary, the results demonstrated that a higher frequency, a higher intensity, a greater exposure time and a more superficial site all contribute to a greater change in mean temperature. From these results, a preliminary model to guide clinicians and researchers in determining treatment dosages, based on expected increase in tissue temperatures at the target site, was proposed. While the preliminary model provided is only a first step effort, it is hoped that it can be refined further through use by physical therapists and other users of therapeutic ultrasound.

Use of electrically stimulated exercise following spinal cord injury is recommended for improving fitness, and can be enhanced by the addition of upper limb exercise. Laboratory trials of electrically stimulated leg cycling (ESLC) have led to increased oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide production, and reactivation of the venous muscle pump, increasing stroke volume and cardiac output during exercise. However transfer of these eftects into home and community settings has been poor. The Power Trainer, a commercially available device, combines active arm crank exercise (ACE) with ESLC, achieving hybrid exercise (HE). Despite its relative simplicity compared with legs only electrical stimulation cycles, exercise responses associated with its use have not been researched. The exercising muscle mass during HE with the Power Trainer is increased compared with either arms only or legs only exercise, increasing respiratory demands. If venous return is also increased, such exercise will fulfil the requirements for regaining fitness following a spinal cord injury. Differences were investigated between the cardiorespiratory responses to ACE and HE on the Power Trainer. Responses were measured during 30 minutes of steady state exercise with each exercise modality.

<p>Sammanfattning: Bassängträning är en vanlig träningsmetod som många patienter efterfrågar. Fördelar med att träna i varmt vatten är bland annat vattnets tyngdavlastande effekt samt värmens smärtlindrande och muskelavslappnande effekt. Efterfrågan på bassängträning är ibland större än tillgången, vilket kan innebära att sjukgymnasten behöver prioritera vilka patienter som ska få tillgång till bassäng. Tydliga och jämlika rutiner och riktlinjer vid bassängträning behöver finnas. I samband med arbete för att ta fram riktlinjer vid bassängträning är det också viktigt att ha kunskap om patienternas egna upplevelser och behov för att kunna förbättra rehabiliteringen. En enkätundersökning genomfördes med syfte att beskriva hur patienterna upplever bassängträningen, vilka mål de har och hur målet med träningen bestäms samt uppnås. Syftet var också att undersöka vilka faktorer patienterna anser som viktiga för bassängträningens kvalitet. Resultaten visar att de vanligaste målen vid bassängträning är ökad rörlighet och minskad smärta. Nästan alla patienter har varit delaktiga att sätta målen och en övervägande del av patienterna anser att de till stor del uppnår målen. Positiva effekter som upplevs med bassängträningen är fysiska förbättringar och psykiskt välbefinnande. Patienterna anser att det som är viktigast för bassängträningens kvalitet är att ha bra och utbildad personal samt att få gå kontinuerligt på bassängträning.</p>

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1981. / Typescript. Title from title screen (viewed Mar. 27, 2007). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-68). Online version of the print original.

<p>The aim of the current study was to determine the relationship between low back pain and physical activity levels among nurses in Kanombe Military Hospital (KMH), as well as other confounding factors leading to low back pain. A quantitative, cross-sectional and descriptive design was used to conduct the study. The study population and sample included all clinical nurses in all the departments/wards at KMH (excluding three nurses doing administrative work only and the four who participated in the pilot study). A total of 133 nurses participated in the study and data was collected using three self administered questionnaires. The first one requested socio-demographic data, followed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) which examined the physical activity levels of nurses, and lastly the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire which examined low back pain prevalence. A response rate of 122 (92%) was obtained.</p>

Sammanfattning: Bassängträning är en vanlig träningsmetod som många patienter efterfrågar. Fördelar med att träna i varmt vatten är bland annat vattnets tyngdavlastande effekt samt värmens smärtlindrande och muskelavslappnande effekt. Efterfrågan på bassängträning är ibland större än tillgången, vilket kan innebära att sjukgymnasten behöver prioritera vilka patienter som ska få tillgång till bassäng. Tydliga och jämlika rutiner och riktlinjer vid bassängträning behöver finnas. I samband med arbete för att ta fram riktlinjer vid bassängträning är det också viktigt att ha kunskap om patienternas egna upplevelser och behov för att kunna förbättra rehabiliteringen. En enkätundersökning genomfördes med syfte att beskriva hur patienterna upplever bassängträningen, vilka mål de har och hur målet med träningen bestäms samt uppnås. Syftet var också att undersöka vilka faktorer patienterna anser som viktiga för bassängträningens kvalitet. Resultaten visar att de vanligaste målen vid bassängträning är ökad rörlighet och minskad smärta. Nästan alla patienter har varit delaktiga att sätta målen och en övervägande del av patienterna anser att de till stor del uppnår målen. Positiva effekter som upplevs med bassängträningen är fysiska förbättringar och psykiskt välbefinnande. Patienterna anser att det som är viktigast för bassängträningens kvalitet är att ha bra och utbildad personal samt att få gå kontinuerligt på bassängträning.