Thesis (Ph.D.) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 98 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-13T14:50:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-12-13Bitstream added on 2014-08-13T18:00:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000757775.pdf: 855765 bytes, checksum: 2e4446662aa29ed1d0d6e1acfa6de260 (MD5) / Contextualização: A utilização de métodos lineares da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), para avaliar a modulação autonômica em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) apresentam resultados controversos e os estudos que utilizam métodos não lineares são escassos e inconclusivos, apesar desses métodos serem mais representativos da condição fisiológica do sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA). Objetivos: Comparar a modulação autonômica entre indivíduos jovens com DM1 e saudáveis, por meio de métodos não lineares de VFC (plot de Recorrência [PR] e plot de Poincaré), associados a índices obtidos por meio de métodos geométricos e lineares (domínio do tempo e da frequência). Métodos: Foram analisados dados de 43 voluntários com idade entre 18 a 30 anos (20 com DM1 e 23 saudáveis) de ambos os gêneros. Todos os voluntários foram submetidos a uma anamnese, avaliação física e avaliação autonômica. Para análise da VFC, a frequência cardíaca foi captada batimento a batimento, com os voluntários em decúbito dorsal por 30 minutos, e um trecho com 1000 intervalos RR... / Background: The use of linear methods of heart rate variability (HRV) to assess autonomic modulation in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is controversial and studies using non-linear methods are scarce and inconclusive. Aims: To compare the autonomic modulation in young type 1 diabetic and healthy through non-linear methods of HRV (Recurrence plot [RP] and Poincaré plot), associated with indexes obtained by geometrical and linear methods (time domain and frequency). Methods: We analyzed data from 43 young volunteers (20 with T1DM and 23 healthy) of both genders. All subjects underwent a medical history, physical assessment and autonomic evaluation. For analysis of HRV, heart rate was recorded beat to beat , with volunteers in the supine position for 30 minutes , and a stretch of 1000 RR intervals was used to obtain the indexes: recurrence rate (REC) , determinism (DET) and Shanon entropy (SE) derived from RP ; SD1 , SD2 and SD1/SD2 obtained by plot Poincaré; RRtri...

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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Introduction: The majority of University of the Western Cape coaches believe that in most sport codes, many female and male athletes get injured at least once a season. Consequently, occurrence of injuries signifies many set-backs in any team sports. University of the Western Cape sports injury intervention and rehabilitation strategies are relatively under-developed, and have not been systematically implemented, despite their proven effectiveness. However, due to intensive training, local and national league competitions, the number of injured athletes at University of the Western Cape has increased, and so delays of athletes’ recovery are caused. Thus, it is assumed that University of the Western Cape efforts may have lack of the necessary injury precautions on prevention and rehabilitation such as proactive injury treatment, paying special attention to the therapeutic process, including other necessary mechanisms. The current study has explored facilitating factors and some of the barriers on the implementation of injury prevention strategies, and determined the effectiveness of rehabilitation within University of the Western Cape sport teams in views of athletes, coaches, and medical staff. Methods: This study used a sequential exploratory design which entailed an initial phase of quantitative data collection and analysis, followed by a phase of qualitative data collection and analysis. This study used a close-ended survey and semi-structured interviews to identify the barriers and facilitators associated with the implementation of injury prevention strategies among sports clubs at the University of the Western Cape. Results: Data were collected on the general knowledge of players and team coaches about injury prevention as well as their sources of information regarding injury prevention. Football players were 49.5% while 15.8% were basketball players in this study. Cricket players were 10.9% while rugby players were 9.9%. Sources of players’ knowledge of injury prevention included doctor/physiotherapist, coaches and the media. Sources of coaches’ knowledge of injury prevention included doctor/physiotherapist, media and seminars. Most players and coaches agreed that there is a greater chance of sustaining an injury during a competitive match than during training. Players and coaches also agree that the risk of injury is reduced by wearing preferred protective clothing and thoroughly warming up and stretching prior to training or competition. Barriers to the implementation of an injury prevention strategy include not having enough time, being too tired after training, no advice given on such techniques, the notion that nobody else does it and lack of proper equipment. Facilitators of an injury prevention strategy include availability of medical staff (doctors and physiotherapists), players’ understanding of the coach’s instructions, and injury prevention facilities at University of the Western Cape, services accessibility and quality, injury discovery and follow-up, and injury prevention policy at University of the Western Cape. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations were made: (i) Intervention directed at players and coaches in the form of health promotion programmes through education to increase their knowledge and support in implementation of all prevention strategies either in training or in competition; (ii) Governing bodies at University of the Western Cape should develop and disseminate written sports safety policies and guidelines and supervise clubs in their development programmes.

Orientador: Fábio Santos de Lira / Banca: Eduardo Zapaterra Campos / Banca: Valeria Leme Gonçalves Panissa / Resumo: O Treinamento Concorrente (a combinação de exercício aeróbio com treinamento de força) pode resultar em uma interferência negativa no desempenho de força. Além disso, há indicações de que a magnitude dessa interferência é dependente do modo/intensidade do exercício aeróbio. OBJETIVO: Sendo assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o efeito agudo do Treinamento de Força (TF) e do Treinamento Concorrente (TC) consistidos do Treinamento Intermitente de Alta Intensidade (HIIT) sob os ganhos de força máxima e volume durante 12 semanas. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 19 homens recreativamente ativos divididos entre o grupo TC (n=11) e grupo TF (n=8). O grupo TC realizou o HIIT (1min de corrida a 100% da velocidade aeróbia máxima intercalado por 1min de recuperação passiva até atingir 5 km) e em seguida uma sessão de treinamento de força constituída por oito exercícios com cargas de 8-12 repetições máximas, enquanto o grupo TF realizou apenas as sessões de treinamento de força. Ambos os grupos treinavam duas vezes por semana durante 12 semanas. A força máxima e o volume de treinamento durante uma sessão aguda foram avaliados pré, após oito e 12 semanas de treinamento. RESULTADOS: Um pequeno efeito de interferência foi observado na força máxima em relação à massa corporal após 12 semanas de treinamento com maiores melhorias no grupo TF quando comparado ao grupo TC. A mesma não foi observada após oito semanas de treinamento. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados sugerem que o volume real... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abastract: The concurrent training (i.e., combination of endurance with strength training) may result in negative interference on strength performance. Moreover, there are indications that the magnitude of this interference is dependent on endurance exercise mode. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare maximal strength gains and acute volume performed during strength training (ST) and concurrent training (CT) consisting of high-intensity intermittent training plus strength training over the course of a 12-week intervention. METHODS: Nineteen recreationally active males were divided in CT (n=11) and ST (n=8) groups. The CT group performed repeated 1 min efforts at 100% of maximal aerobic velocity interspersed by 1 min of passive recovery until accumulating a total running distance of 5km followed by a strength session (consisting of three sets of eight exercises with loads of 8-12 repetition maximum) twice weekly for a period of 12 weeks, while the ST group performed only strength training sessions. Maximal strength and training volume during an acute exercise session were evaluated at baseline and after eight and 12 weeks of training. A two-way analysis of variance (group and training period) with repeated measures in the second factor was conducted to compare maximal strength values. A three-way analysis of variance (group, training period and set) was conducted to compare the volume performed in the acute exercise sessions... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Orientador: Fábio Mícolis de Azevedo / Banca: Ruben de Faria Negrão Filho / Banca: Fernando Amancio Aragão / Resumo: A Dor Femoropatelar (DFP) acomete com maior frequência mulheres e é exacerbada ao executar atividades com suporte de peso associada a flexão do joelho, tais como subida de escada. Apesar da etiologia permanecer indefinida, diversos fatores são atribuídos ao desenvolvimento da DFP, dentre os quais destaca-se a diminuição do torque dos músculos do joelho e quadril. Entretanto, os tratamentos que visam o fortalecimento dessa musculatura nem sempre apresentam resultados eficazes a longo prazo. Dessa forma, outros importantes aspectos da função muscular podem estar sendo negligenciados e necessitam ser investigados, tais como a estabilidade do torque e a taxa de desenvolvimento do torque (potência muscular). Diante disso, os objetivos gerais desta dissertação foram investigar a estabilidade do torque, taxa de desenvolvimento do torque e torque máximo dos músculos extensores de joelho e abdutores de quadril em mulheres com DFP, além de determinar a influência do torque muscular do quadril e da cinemática do retropé no padrão de movimento durante atividade funcional de subida de escada. A mensuração das variáveis de torque foi realizada através de dinamômetro isocinético. Já a análise cinemática foi realizada durante subida de escada em um set up experimental composto por 9 câmeras infravermelho para captação de ângulos articulares do quadril e retropé. Observou-se que mulheres com DFP apresentam diminuição da estabilidade do torque, taxa de desenvolvimento do torque e torque máximo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Patellofemoral pain is more likely to affect women. Pain is exacerbated by activities that load the patellofemoral joint during weight bearing on a flexed knee, such as stair ascent. Despite the source of pain remains unclear, multiple factors have been proposed to explain the development of PFP, especially the impairment in knee and hip maximal strength. However, unfavorable recovery has been reported even after treatments focused on quadriceps and hip strengthening. Thus, other aspects of muscular function are possibly being neglected and should be better explored in PFP, such as force steadiness and rate of force development (muscle power). Therefore, the aims of this dissertation were to compare force steadiness, rate of force development and maximal strength of the knee extensors and hip abductors between women with PFP and pain-free controls and to investigate the influence of hip muscle strength and rearfoot kinematics on the movement pattern during stair ascent in women with PFP. Strength parameters were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. Kinematic analysis was performed during stair ascent tasks in an experimental set up composed by 9 cameras for acquisition of hip and rearfoot eversion joint angles. Women with PFP presented deficits in force steadiness, rate of force development and maximal strength of knee extensors and hip abductors compared with pain-free controls. Also, hip abductor strength explained significantly the variance of peak hip internal rotati... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-09T12:28:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-11-19Bitstream added on 2015-04-09T12:48:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000812187.pdf: 1063568 bytes, checksum: 97a3c2cccd34437e229c3847e271d896 (MD5) / Diante do elevado índice de progressão, da dificuldade encontrada no tratamento e da falta de comprovação científica de métodos fisioterapêuticos conservadores na Escoliose Idiopática do Adolescente (EIA), o presente estudo objetivou verificar o efeito de técnicas de Osteopatia Estrutural nas variáveis da postura e flexibilidade de indivíduos com EIA. MÉTODO: A população foi composta de 30 portadores de EIA (Ângulo de Cobb ≥ 10º), com idade entre 18-25 anos, de ambos os gêneros. A amostra foi dividida em Grupo Experimental (GE) (n=15) e Grupo Placebo (GP) (n=15). Para a mensuração da gibosidade foi realizado o teste de Adams. As curvaturas vertebrais (LCCe - Lordose cervical cefálica; LLCe - Lordose lombar cefálica; LCCa - Lordose cervical caudal e LLCa - Lordose lombar caudal) foram verificadas por meio de régua adaptada com nível d’água. Foi realizada a avaliação da flexibilidade da cadeia posterior (banco de Wells) e da flexibilidade lateral (teste de inclinação lateral do tronco). Para detecção da vértebra mais rodada em NSR foi realizado o Teste Quick Scaning e de Mitchel. Foram realizados os testes do Polegar Ascendente e Gillet para avaliação do Ilíaco bloqueado... / Given the high rate of progression of difficulty in treatment and lack of scientific proof of conservative physical therapy methods in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (AIS), the present study aimed to verify the effect of Osteopathy techniques in structural variables of posture and flexibility of subjects with AIS. METHODS: The study population consisted of 30 patients with AIS (Cobb angle ≥ 10), aged 18-25 years, of both genders. The sample was divided in Experimental Group (EG) (n = 15) or placebo (GP) (n = 15). For the measurement of spinal deformity of the Adams test was performed. The spinal curvatures (LCCe - cephalic cervical lordosis; LLCe - lumbar lordosis head; LCCa - caudal cervical lordosis and LLCa - caudal lumbar lordosis) were assessed using a slit adapted watermarked. Evaluating the flexibility of the posterior chain (Wells) and lateral flexibility test (lateral inclination of the trunk) was performed. To detect more rounded vertebra in NSR was held Scaning Quick Test and Mitchel. Tests Thumb Ascending Gillet and to evaluate the locked Iliac were performed...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-20T17:10:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-27. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-20T17:25:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000841352.pdf: 682325 bytes, checksum: 20db3128ee36833e584d7212eb120e7f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / A Síndrome da Dor Femoropatelar (SDFP) é uma disfunção musculoesquelética comum na população que apresenta como principal sintoma clínico a dor intermitente nas regiões anterior, peri ou retropatelar, que é exacerbada por atividades funcionais. Embora a SDFP seja de alta incidência, até o presente momento não existem fatores que sejam considerados ideais para caracterização da disfunção. Sabe-se apenas que a SDFP pode levar a alterações eletromiográficas nos músculos Vasto Medial (VM) e Vasto Lateral (VL). Outra informação relevante conhecida é que o processo de controle neuromuscular do músculo quadríceps pode ser analisado através da obtenção do Reflexo H. A hipótese deste estudo é que mulheres com SDFP apresentam modulação do Reflexo H diferente de mulheres assintomáticas. Diante do exposto, o objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a amplitude do Reflexo H em mulheres caracterizadas clinicamente com a SDFP e em mulheres assintomáticas, bem como testar a qualidade da medida utilizada. Foram recrutadas 30 mulheres, sendo 15 com SDFP e 15 assintomáticas, e compuseram o Grupo SDFP (GSDFP) e o Grupo Controle (GC) respectivamente. As medidas pico a pico das amplitudes do Reflexo H máximo (Hmáx), do Reflexo H a 50% da intensidade necessária para atingir o Hmáx (H50%) e da Onda M máxima (Mmáx) foram coletadas, a Mmáx foi o fator de normalização... / The Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS) is a common musculoskeletal disorder in the population that has as main clinical symptom intermittent pain in the anterior, peri or retropatellar regions, the pain is exacerbated by functional activities. Although PPS is a high incidence, so far there are no factors that are considered ideal for characterization of dysfunction. It is only known that PPS can lead electromyographic changes in the muscles Vastus Medialis (VMO) and Vastus Lateralis (VL). Other relevant information known is that the process of neuromuscular control of the quadriceps muscle can be analyzed by obtaining the H-reflex. The hypothesis of this study is that women with PFPS have different H-reflex modulation from asymptomatic women. The objective of this study was to analyze the amplitude of the H-reflex in women characterized clinically with the PPS and in asymptomatic women, and to test the quality of the measure used. 30 women were recruited, 15 were diagnosed with PFPS and 15 assymptomatic. They composed the PFPS Group (PFPSG) and control group (CG) respectively...

Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-26T13:21:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-02-12Bitstream added on 2015-01-26T13:30:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000799377.pdf: 764558 bytes, checksum: 302dc99934294011eeec735feaa83dac (MD5) / O processo de envelhecimento é acompanhado de diversas alterações no sistema neuromuscular as quais interferem em atividades motoras tais como a marcha. Essas alterações tornam o padrão de movimento menos eficiente, propicia que o indivíduo atinja mais rapidamente a fadiga e aumenta o risco de quedas na população idosa. O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o efeito da fadiga em variáveis biomecânicas durante a marcha em velocidade de preferência em idosas. Participaram do estudo 22 voluntárias do gênero feminino, na faixa etária de 60 a 85 anos, não institucionalizadas. A coleta de dados foi realizada em dois dias. No primeiro dia foi feita a anamnese, aplicação da escala de equilíbrio de Berg e o Mini Exame do Estado Mental, e realizado o protocolo para determinação da velocidade de preferência de marcha em esteira e familiarização das voluntárias aos procedimentos de coleta. No segundo dia foi realizada a avaliação da marcha, a qual inicialmente foi realizada em solo, seguida do protocolo incremental de fadiga na esteira ergométrica e, posteriormente, a reavaliação em solo... / The aging process is accompanied by several changes in the neuromuscular system, which interferes with motor activities such as walking. These changes make the movement pattern less efficient, leading the individual to a faster fatigue onset and increasing the risk of falls in the elderly population. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of an incremental protocol fatigue on biomechanical gait variables during preference gait speed in elderly. The study included 22 female volunteers, aged 60-85 years, not institutionalized. Data collection was done in two days. On the first day volunteers were questioned about their fall history and use of drugs, Berg Balance Scale, Mini -Mental State Examination, protocol of preference gait speed determination and familiarization were performed. On the second day volunteers did the gait assessment, which was initially made in ground, followed by the incremental fatigue protocol on the treadmill and then the reassessing gait performance in ground. The gait assessment consisted in acquisition of EMG, kinematic and kinetic data during gait in preferred speed...