The formal recognition of traditional healing has been controversial for some time with traditional healers being labelled by those of conventional medical orientation as a medical hazard and purveyors of superstition. The support for the development of traditional medicine and establishment of co-operation between traditional healers and allopathic heath practitioners was first promoted in the international health arena by the World Health Organisation. Estimating that 80% of the population living in rural areas of many developing countries was using traditional medicine for the primary healthcare needs, this organisation advocated for the establishment of mechanisms that would facilitate strong cooperation between traditional healers, scientists and clinicians. The study was undertaken in the Amathole District Municipality, Province of the Eastern Cape based on Chapter 2, Section 6(2) (a) of the Traditional Health Practitioners Bill 2003, which required regulation and promotion of liaison between traditional health practitioners and other health professionals registered under any law. The purpose of the study was to develop and propose strategies to facilitate collaboration between traditional and allopathic health practitioners to optimise and complement healthcare delivery. The conceptual framework guiding the study was derived from Leininger’s theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality chosen because of its appropriateness. The terms used throughout the study were defined to facilitate the reader’s understanding. Ethical principles were adhered to throughout the research process. To ensure trustworthiness of the study, Guba’s model (in Krefting,1991:214-215) was used where the four aspects of trustworthiness namely, truth value, applicability, consistency and neutrality were considered. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used which assisted in articulating the appropriate strategies to develop to facilitate v collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners. The study was done in two phases. Phase one entailed data collection using unstructured interviews, a focus group interview, literature control and modified participant observation. In Phase two strategies to facilitate collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners were developed. The population in this study comprised three groups of participants. Group 1 consisted of allopathic health practitioners, Group 2 comprised traditional healers and Group 3 was composed of participants who were trained as both traditional healers and allopathic health practitioners. All participants had to respond to three research questions which aimed at:  exploring and describing the nature of the relationship between allopathic and traditional health practitioners before legalisation of traditional healing and their experience as role-players in the healthcare delivery landscape in the Amathole District Municipality.  eliciting the viewpoints of allopathic and traditional health practitioners regarding the impact on their practices of legalisation of traditional healing and  developing strategies to facilitate collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners. Data obtained from each group was analysed using Tesch’s method as described by Creswell (2003:192). Themes emerging from data and the corresponding strategies to address the themes were identified for each group. The participants’ responses to the three research questions revealed areas of convergence and divergence. Of significance was the reflection by the participants on their negative attitude towards each other. They also highlighted that there was no formal interaction between traditional and allopathic health practitioners in the Amathole District Municipality. Their working relationship was characterised by a one-sided referral system with traditional healers referring patients to allopathic health practitioners but this seemed not to be reciprocated vi by the latter group. The exception was the case of traditional surgeons whose working relationship with allopathic health practitioners was formally outlined in the Application of Health Standards in the Traditional Circumcision Act, Act No.6 of 2001. Allopathic health practitioners attributed their negative attitude as emanating from the unscientific methods used by traditional healers in treating patients, interference of traditional healers with the efficacy of hospital treatments and delays by traditional healers in referring patients to the hospitals and clinics. Traditional healers stated that they were concerned about failure of allopathic health practitioners to refer patients who talked about “thikoloshe” and “mafufunyana” to the traditional healers. Consequently, these patients presented themselves to the traditional healers when the illness was at an advanced stage. A reciprocal referral system was perceived by the traditional healers as the core element or crux of collaboration. There were ambivalent views regarding the impact of legalisation of traditional healing on the practices of both traditional and allopathic health practitioners. Elimination of unscrupulous healers, economic benefits, and occupational protection were benefits anticipated by traditional healers from the implementation of the Act. The possibility of having to divulge information regarding their traditional medicines, monitoring of their practice resulting in arrests should errors occur were however, cited by traditional healers as threatening elements of the Act. A lack of understanding the activities of each group with an inherent element of mistrust became evident from the participants’ responses. Ways of fostering mutual understanding between them were suggested which included holding meetings together to discuss issues relating to healing of patients, exposing both groups of health practitioners to research, as well as training and development activities. The participants also highlighted areas of collaboration as sharing resources namely, budget, physical facilities, equipment and information and role clarification especially pertaining to disease management. The participants vii strongly suggested that there should be clarity on the type of diseases to be handled by each group. The need for capacity building of traditional and allopathic health practitioners in preparation for facilitating collaboration was advocated by all and the relevant activities to engage into were suggested. Analysis, synthesis and cross referencing of the themes that emerged from the data culminated in the identification of three strategies that were applicable to all groups of participants and which would assist in facilitating collaboration between allopathic and traditional health practitioners. The researcher coined the three strategies “Triple C” strategies abbreviated as the TRIC strategies. The first “C” of the three “Cs” stands for “change attitude”, the second “C” for “communication” and the third “C” for “capacity building.” Each of the proposed three strategies is discussed under the following headings:- Summary of findings informing the strategy  Theory articulating the strategy  Aim of the strategy  Suggested implementation mechanism As the strategies had to be grounded in a theory which would serve as a reference point, the researcher used the Survey List by Dickoff, James and Wiedenbach (1968:423) as a conceptual framework on which to base the proposed three strategies. The results of this study and recommendations that have been made will be disseminated in professional journals, research conferences and seminars.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / Recent homoeopathic graduate studies (Babaletakis, 2006 and Sweidan, 2007) indicate that the majority of qualified Homoeopaths are currently practicing yet are experiencing many difficulties along the way. These setbacks are largely related to financial stresses and the difficulties experienced with regards to maintaining a practice. However, a minority of successful homoeopaths that have managed to overcome these difficulties have been identified. AIM This study aimed to identify a minimum of nine successful homoeopaths, and, through an in-depth interview discover their views on success and how they have managed to build up viable practices. The study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the success of these Homoeopathic practices and establish relationships that may have existed between these factors. METHODOLOGY This research was conducted in a qualitative manner, following an ethnographic approach, which also guided the method of data analysis. It was thus a descriptive, case study research design. Interviewees/subjects were selected through snowball sampling. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with each subject, in which the researcher followed an interview guideline. These interviews were recorded and analysed conceptually. All the transcribed interviews were then further organised by using the software programme NVivo 8.0. which allowed for the process of coding. iv RESULTS Common themes as related to success emerged from the data that was collected. Further analysis revealed links between certain factors that had been identified within the themes. The results reflected that honesty and the ability to listen and understand people, together with perseverance and determination, were qualities that enabled these homoeopaths to achieve success. It was evident that valuing oneself as a practitioner and thus charging accordingly, as well as minimising overheads where possible, all contributed to the viability of the practice. The use of modalities impacted on financial gain and was found to enhance patient numbers. Availability, success of healing and an interactive practitioner - patient relationship was also found to have an effect on patient base stability and size. Burnout was identified as being related to the balance in a practitioner’s lifestyle. A high self-esteem coupled with a good support structure, were factors that minimised burnout. Continued professional development was important to these practitioners as evidently one’s knowledge was seen to have an impact on confidence, patient numbers and thus overall success as a healer. CONCLUSION Success has been attributed to many factors in this study, many of which are interlinked. These findings have provided valuable insight into a successful homoeopathic career.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for a Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2015. / South Africa has a dual healthcare system which consists of the public and private healthcare sectors. The private healthcare sector is used by a small percentage of South Africans as its services are more expensive. It makes provision for both allopathic and Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM) practitioners. In contrast, the public healthcare sector employs only allopathic practitioners. Due to its services being rendered free of charge or at very low cost, it caters for the majority of the population and as a result has become overburdened. South Africa’s healthcare system is undergoing major changes in order to ease the burden on the public sector. The integration of homoeopathy into this sector is a possible viable solution. In order to facilitate integration, homoeopathic practitioners should be in agreement with this radical change and suggest ways in which this paradigm shift can be initiated. Hence, the overall aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of homoeopathic practitioners on their role in the public healthcare system in South Africa. The paucity of research on the perceptions of homoeopathic doctors suggests that this is an unexplored topic. This study therefore employed a qualitative approach based on the grounded theory method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to determine homoeopathic practitioners’ perceptions of this phenomenon. Participants were selected using snowball sampling. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were also used to guide the selection of the research participants. The participants were interviewed individually using an interview guideline. Each interview was audio recorded and transcribed prior to data analysis. Once transcribed, the data was evaluated and analyzed manually. Four commons themes emerged from the data. The prevalence, frequency and variation (in the frequency) of each theme amongst the participants was established. Further analysis revealed links between all four themes. It was evident that knowledge/awareness of homoeopathy, the homoeopathic education system and the in-practice experiences of homoeopathic doctors all influence integration. These factors represented homoeopathic practitioners’ perceptions on such integration. The identification of the factors that influence integration is a clear indication that the homoeopathic practitioners who participated in this study are aware of their role in the public healthcare system and that the majority would welcome a shift from the private to the public healthcare sector. There is thus a need for further nationwide and more in-depth research on integration. / M

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Johannesburg, November 2015 / The aim of this study was to give an account of what it means to be a hospital consultant in a national health service that has been undergoing change for almost three decades. Classic grounded theory was used to identify the main concern of hospital consultants sampled for the study and how they resolved this concern on a routine basis. Data were obtained from three sources: interviews, observation and document analyses. Classic grounded theory procedures of constant comparison and theoretical sampling were used and Rolling with the Punches emerged as the pattern of behaviour through which the hospital consultants dealt with their main concern, which was managerialism. Rolling with the Punches involves four modes: Stabilising Temporarily, Resisting, Limiting the Impact and Adjusting to/Living with. The mode of behaviour was contingent on a central and on-going Weighing-up process, in which the hospital consultants used their personal narratives, beliefs and commitment structures to make sense of what was happening and what they could possibly do about it. Hence, the mode of behaviour was contingent, historicised and in flux. The Weighing-up process can set off triggers that can lead to a change of mode that need not be linear. Key words: doctors, managers, grounded theory, weighing up, stabilising temporarily, resisting, subverting, quibbling, limiting the impact, lying low, faking it, living with, adjusting to, going with the flow, complying, waiting it out. / MB2016

Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to explore the barriers that doctors experience to referring patients to dietitians. The study sample (n = 700) included a selection of all practicing medical doctors and specialists in the Gauteng province of South Africa. Registration with the Health Professions Council of South Africa (HPCSA) was a prerequisite. METHOD: This was a quantitative study using a validated questionnaire e-mailed to participating doctors in order to determine factors affecting their referral practices. The first part of the questionnaire consisted of demographic and general information about the respondent and the second and third parts consisted of a series of closed-ended questions that related to specific issues of nutrition information and dietitian referral practices respectively. The questionnaire comprised a total of 21 questions. Subjects were sent the questionnaire by e-mail and given four weeks to respond. Three reminder e-mails were sent to encourage participation. Statistical analysis methods included: Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson Chi-square, likelihood ratios, linear-by-linear associations, as well as Goodman and Kruskal tau tests. RESULTS: Of the questionnaires sent out, 134 (19%) out of 700 were finally useable. Doctors who had a nutrition component in their training referred patients to dietitians more often than those who did not and older doctors referred to a dietitian less often (Chi-square tests, p < 0.05). A correlation was observed between the duration of medical practice and frequency of referral (p = 0.03) while gender had no influence on referral practice. A correlation (p < 0.001) was also found between frequency of referral and university of study with symmetric measures. Hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity were identified as the conditions doctors would most likely refer to a dietitian. For 45% of the doctors insufficient time during consultation was the strongest barrier to providing nutrition councelling to their patients. The barrier identified most commonly was that doctors were unaware of dietitians in the vicinity of their practices (49%). Sixty four percent of doctors believed that better marketing by dietitians would increase their referrals, and 21.4% believed that the title ‘nutritionist’ or ‘nutrition specialist’ would be more suitable for the profession of dietetics. CONCLUSION: The findings of the study indicate that a number of factors contribute to the barriers that doctors experience to referring patients to dietitians. Although the study was limited by a small sample, it nevertheless draws attention to the responsibility of both dietitians and doctors to work together toward providing patients with a more efficient team approach treatment and care system. More qualitative studies are needed to explore the identified barriers further, especially within the South African context, as well as to establish appropriate recommendations to overcome the barriers to referral.

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000. / Some digitised pages may appear illegible due to the condition of the original hard copy. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Medicine in our country is under severe stress, brought about by internal and external forces that need a response from the medical profession. The profession's attempts and response will fall short unless the profession itself is aligned with the new social ethos and the responses are based on the profession's inherent values. Problem Statement: Medical doctors have always been highly valued in society because of the duty they have when illness and disease set in. As individuals, doctors have fulfilled other important roles in the communities where they work. These include giving advice to young people on career choices, counseling on various matters and provision of material help where there is need. This profession has for a long time been shrouded in mystery, being a trade learnt by a few. All these factors contributed to their social standing increasing phenomenally. There is a view that this has also led to public perceptions that doctors are the rich untouchable elite who have no interest or are unconcerned about problems faced by society. The medical profession faces a challenge that is more significant because of the value placed on it by society. The numerous submissions by the victims of human rights abuses to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission have cast a shadow of doubt on the medical profession for its complicity in these acts. The present government has declared transformation of health care as one of its top priorities. The response of the medical profession to this initiative has so far not led to any significant changes of public perception that the profession is unwilling to participate in the transformation of our society. The challenge and subject of discussion in this thesis therefore is: "What is the ideal role of the medical profession in a transforming South African society?" The medical profession, being the nerve centre of health care, has a big responsibility in social transformation. Doctors stand accused as a collective for failing to protect the human rights of patients and not living up to the standards of ethics required of them when patients' rights were violated. The Truth and Reconciliation Commission record of the hearings into the role of the professional organisations in health is used in this thesis to illustrate how serious society views the medical profession's role in the human rights abuses of the past. Based on the T. R. C's report and the assumption that society traditionally places high value on the medical profession, I conducted a survey among South African doctors to test their attitudes towards a range of policy and transformational issues. The unit of analysis was the medical doctors who are in active practice in South Africa in whatever mode of practice. The survey sought to explore the awareness of the respondents about a range of transformation policy changes and invite their comments on the role that they envisage for the medical profession in the process of transformation of society. There is unfortunately scarcity or a lack of applicable South African literature on this topic thus limiting local material for referencing. The search of international literature only yielded the subject of the study of professional values and not necessarily the role of a medical profession in a transforming society. The medical profession has to re-visit its foundations, analyse its history and map out its future in the context of the South African realities. It must find a way of aligning itself with the new ethos and diverse cultures South Africa possesses. Medicine has its own traditional goals and values derived and adapted from society's diverse cultural value systems. With its national and international networks, the inherent knowledge and skills that it possesses, guided by an ethical code, the Hippocratic Oath that serves as a public promise, it influences policy on the country's health care system - a mechanism that government uses to provide a basic human need. The medical profession therefore has to be responsive to the needs of society as much as society needs to support the profession. This thesis explores the role that the profession should play in a transforming South African society. The argument is that this can only be done through the profession examining its values and aligning itself with broader societal value systems, the moral and social norms. It is further argued that visible realistic commitment by the profession to public health will lead to an improvement in its public image. It is the actions or non-actions of the majority that the public notices. The majority of respondents to the survey have indicated that they approve of the transformation policies in health but that they may differ in the way they were introduced. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die geneeskunde in ons land is onder geweldige druk as gevolg van interne en eksterne faktore en dit is nodig dat die mediese beroep reageer. Dit sal die beroep egter nie help om te reageer indien sy lede hulle nie met die nuwe maatskaplike etos vereenselwig nie en die reaksie op die inherente waardes van die mediese beroep geskoei word nie. Probleemstelling Mediese dokters is nog altyd baie hoog geag deur die gemeenskap as gevolg van die verpligting wat hulle het om na mense om te sien wanneer hulle siek word. In hulle individuele hoedanigheid het dokters ook ander belangrike bydraes tot hulle gemeenskappe gelewer. Dit sluit in: advies aan jong mense oor loopbaankeuses, berading en die verskaffing van finansiele hulp waar nodig. Die beroep as sulks was egter vir baie lank ietwat van 'n misterie omdat dit 'n vakrigting is waarin baie min mense hulle kon bekwaam. Al hierdie faktore het die maatskaplike aansien/waarde van dokters geweldig verhoog. Daar is ook diegene wat van mening is dat hierdie faktore aanleiding gegee het tot die openbare mening dat dokters 'n ryk en onaantasbare elite is en glad nie in die probleme van die gemeenskap belangstel nie. Die etlike voorleggings deur die slagoffers van menseregtevergrype aan die Waarheids- en Versoeningskommissie het ook vrae rondom die beroep se betrokkenheid by sodanige gevalle laat ontstaan. Die huidige regering het die transformasie van gesondheidsorg as een van sy grootste prioriteite verklaar. Die reaksie van die beroep hierop het tot dusver nie tot enige noemenswaardige veranderinge in die openbare mening dat dokters nie bereid is om aan die transformasie van ons gemeenskap deel te neem gelei nie. Wat is die ideale rol van die mediese beroep in die transformasie van die Suid- Afrikaanse gemeenskap? As die senusentrum van gesondheidsorg het die mediese beroep 'n groot verantwoordelikheid in maatskaplike transformasie. Dokters word kollektief beskuldig dat hulle nagelaat het om die menseregte van pasiente te beskerm en nie voldoen het aan die nodige etiese standaarde wat van hulle verwag word in die tyd toe pasienteregte geskend is nie. Die rekord van die verhore van die Waarheids- en Versoeningskommissie oor die rol van professionele gesondheidsorganisasies is vir die doeleindes van hierdie tesis gebruik om te illustreer hoe ernstig die gemeenskap voeloor die mediese beroep se rol in die menseregte vergrype van die verlede. Gegrond op die WVK-verslag en die aanname dat die gemeenskap die mediese beroep hoog ag, het ek 'n meningsopname onder 300 Suid-Afrikaanse dokters gedoen om hulle houding jeens 'n aantal beleids- en transformasiekwessies te toets. Die eenheid van analise was mediese dokters wat in die aktiewe praktyk staan, ongeag hulle praktykgebied. Die opname het gepoog om te bepaal wat die vlak van bewustheid by die respondente oor 'n aantal beleidsveranderinge gerig op transformasie is, en hulle uit te nooi om kommentaar te lewer op die rol wat hulle meen die mediese beroep behoort in die proses te speel. Ongelukkig is daar nie toepaslike Suid-Afrikaanse literatuur oor die onderwerp beskikbaar me. 'n Internasionale literatuursoektog het net studies rondom waardes opgelewer, en nie oor die rol van 'n mediese beroep in die transformasie van 'n gemeenskap nie. Die mediese beroep moet die grondslag van sy wese in oenskou neem, die geskiedenis analiseer en sy toekoms in die konteks van die Suid-Afrikaanse realiteite uitstippel. Die beroep moet 'n manier vind om homself met die nuwe etos en uiteenlopende kulture van Suid-Afrika te vereenselwig. Die geneeskunde het sy eie tradisionele doelwitte en waardes gekry en aangepas vanuit die uiteenlopende kulturele waardestelsels van die gemeenskap. Deur middel van sy nasionale en internasionale netwerke, inherente kennis en vaardighede, die leiding van 'n etiese kode, die Eed van Hippokrates wat as 'n belofte aan die publiek dien, beinvloed die mediese beroep die land se gesondheidsorgstelsel - 'n meganisme van die regering om in 'n basiese menslike behoefte te voorsien. Die mediese beroep moet daarom ingestel wees op die behoeftes van die gemeenskap in dieselfde mate as wat die gemeenskap die beroep behoort te ondersteun. Hierdie tesis ondersoek die rol wat die mediese beroep behoort te vervul in 'n Suid-Afrikaanse gemeenskap waar transformasie besig is om plaas te vind. Daar word geargumenteer dat dit net gedoen kan word indien die beroep sy waardes ondersoek en hom met die breer maatskaplike waardestelsels vereenselwig. Daar word verder geargumenteer dat 'n sigbare realistiese verbintenis van die mediese beroep tot openbare gesondheid tot die verbetering van sy openbare beeld sal lei. Dit is die optrede of nie-optrede van die meerderheid wat die publiek raaksien. Die meerderheid respondente in die meningsopname het aangedui dat hulle die transformasiebeleid vir gesondheid ondersteun, maar dat hulle verskil van die wyse waarop dit in werking gestel is.

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2014. / Aim of the study The study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions amongst post graduate homoeopathy students and post basic primary health care nurses serving in a primary health care setting regarding adverse effects associated with childhood vaccinations. Methodology In this qualitative study 18 participants were selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant. The interviews were recorded and analysed conceptually. Results The findings of this study revealed that all of the PHC nursing participants were in favour of the childhood immunisation schedule of South Africa, contrary to the homoeopathic participants where the majority of participants were not in favour of the childhood immunisation schedule. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions varied amongst the homoeopathic participants in contrast to the PHC nursing participants where there was a much more unified stance and cohesive outcome with regard to their attitudes and perceptions. / M

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Homoeopathy, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2014. / Aim of the study The study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitudes and perceptions amongst post graduate homoeopathy students and post basic primary health care nurses serving in a primary health care setting regarding adverse effects associated with childhood vaccinations. Methodology In this qualitative study 18 participants were selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each participant. The interviews were recorded and analysed conceptually. Results The findings of this study revealed that all of the PHC nursing participants were in favour of the childhood immunisation schedule of South Africa, contrary to the homoeopathic participants where the majority of participants were not in favour of the childhood immunisation schedule. Knowledge, attitudes and perceptions varied amongst the homoeopathic participants in contrast to the PHC nursing participants where there was a much more unified stance and cohesive outcome with regard to their attitudes and perceptions. / M

This study aimed at describing and interpreting the changing symbolic meanings of the Acquired Immunodefiency Syndrome (AIDS) which encountering a Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV)-positive patient introduced into the personal and professional identities of six health care professionals in a subregion of the Eastern Cape. With the exponential increase of HIV/AIDS in South Africa, medical practitioners have become increasingly exposed to HIV infected patients. This study has considered the psychological structures developed by practitioners in an attempt to control and understand their situation in the context of HIV/AIDS. In order to describe these psychological structures the existential phenomenological approaches of L. Binswanger (in Needleman, 1963), A. Giorgi (1975) and F.J.Wertz (1985) were employed. Through these procedures, the structure of the experience of encountering an HIV infected patient was elucidated. This comprised the first goal of this study. The second goal focused on interpreting these descriptions by way of the symbolic meanings and definitions implicit in the structure of this experience. For this latter purpose the approach of symbo1ic interactionism was used, in particu1ar the understandings outlined by H. Blumer (1969). This theory was seen as appropriate in that the encounter between the practitioner and patient was primarily located in interpersonal parameters. The findings were discussed in terms of the two dominant metaphorical frameworks used by the subjects to comprehend the disease - namely the perspectives of society and the biomedical model. These two frameworks were critically evaluated in the context of HIV/AIDS, the needs of HIV infected individuals as well as the needs of the general practitioner. The process of the encounter was found to be very significant for practitioners in terms of their conceptualisations of HIV/AIDS. Old understandings were reinterpreted within the interpersonal context and replaced with more appropriate symbolic metaphors upon which to base practise. This study has revealed these new understandings were limited and constrained with regard to understanding and treating HIV/AIDS in that the subjects were still influenced by the metaphors of the biomedical model. These constraints were examined in the light of both personal and professional meanings and identities. This study concluded by making suggestions for modification of the medical practitioner's role in the context of HIV/AIDS.

Law / LL.M.