Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:16:46Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rissi_mn_me_botib.pdf: 4013269 bytes, checksum: 7f2b7759ec50422f03c785156a434e65 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / The concepts degraded environment and disturbed environment were initially proposed based on the observation of such processes in forest fragments. Disturbed environments, when subjected to agents, can reestablish after the removal of the disturbing factor. However, when the action is more intense and there is no potential to return to conditions similar to the previous ones, the vegetation is considered degraded. The question is: Would the actions that make a forest degraded have the same consequence in cerrado fragments? The present study aims to analyze the composition of the regenerative community over one year in a cerrado fragment located in the Municipal Botanical Garden of Bauru City, São Paulo State, Brazil (JBMB); to provide data to understand the ecological processes involved in the natural regeneration of degraded cerrado areas and the chemical combat as a viable alternative or not to control alien plants; and to contribute to the knowledge of the cerrado flora in Bauru region. Thus, some questions were raised. How does natural regeneration of the woody vegetation of a degraded cerrado occur? Would the chemical combat against invasive alien plants change the development of cerrado plants? Is intervention in the control of those plants favorable? The study area was deforested by the action of settlers, who established there in 1997. In 2007 the area was endorsed to the Municipal Botanical Garden of Bauru City (JBMB). During this period, the native vegetation was substituted for pasture. By two years ago the place has been abandoned and the natural vegetation started to regenerate. To evaluate the natural regeneration potential of cerrado, a comparative floristic and phytosociological survey was carried out in three areas inside JBMB. The first area is inserted in a cerradão fragment, free of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Objetivou-se caracterizar a composição florística e fitossociológica do componente arbustivo-arbóreo de quatro quintais agroflorestais (QAs) no reassentamento Mariana, Tocantins, a fim de conhecer a estrutura dessas áreas e as suas contribuições para a manutenção, proteção e conservação da biodiversidade. Além disso, buscou-se subsidiar a formação de uma base de dados referentes aos quintais agroflorestais no estado do Tocantins. O levantamento foi realizado em quatro quintais agroflorestais no reassentamento Mariana, que se encontra entre os municípios de Palmas e Porto Nacional, no estado do Tocantins. Foram instaladas três parcelas de 20x30m em cada quintal, perfazendo um total de 0,72 ha de área amostral, sendo amostrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos com circunferência altura do peito 1,30 cm do solo (CAP) ≥ a 10 cm. Foram amostrados nos quatro QAs um total de 477 indivíduos, 81 espécies, 34 famílias e 73 gêneros. O valor encontrado para o índice de diversidade (Shannon) foi de 3,68 e para equabilidade (Pielou) foi de 0,83, valores esses encontrados em 0,72 ha de área amostral. Individualmente, os quintais agroflorestais apresentaram os seguintes valores de diversidade de Shannon (H’) QA1 2,52; QA2 3,27; QA3 2,66 e QA4 2,94; e equabilidade de Pielou (J’) QA1 0,78; QA2 0,90; QA3 0,77 e QA4 0,85. A altura média da vegetação no QA1 foi de 4,79m e área basal total de 120,17m²/ha, no QA2 a altura media foi de 5,14m com área basal total de 18,49m²/ha, no QA3 a altura media foi de 3,66m e área basal total de 27,42m²/ha, no QA4 a altura media foi de 5,54m com área basal total de 33,98m²/ha. As dez espécies mais importantes dos quintais agroflorestais representaram juntas 44,26% do valor de importância total, com destaque para as espécies Malpighia glabra, Psidium guajava e Mangifera indica que alcançaram posições de destaque em mais de um quintal. As dez famílias mais importantes somaram juntas 67,63% do IVI total as famílias que mais se destacaram foram Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae e Fabaceae para todos os (QAs) avaliados. Assim, pode-se inferir que os quintais agroflorestais do reassentamento Mariana demonstraram alta riqueza e diversidade, evidenciando grande heterogeneidade ambiental e baixa dominância ecológica. / The objective of this study was to characterize the floristic and phytosociological composition of the shrubby-arboreal component of four quintals agroforestry (QAs) in the Mariana resettlement, Tocantins, in order to know the structure of these areas and their contributions to the maintenance, protection and conservation of biodiversity. In addition, it was sought to subsidize the formation of a database of agroforestry quintals in the state of Tocantins. Three 20x30m plots were installed in each quintal, making a total of 0,72 ha of sample area, and all shrub-arboreal individuals with chest height circumference 1,30 cm (CAP) ≥ 10 cm were sampled. A total of 477 individuals, 81 species, 34 families and 73 genera were sampled in the four QAs. The value found for the diversity index (Shannon) was 3,68 and for equability (Pielou) was 0,83, values found in 0,72 ha of sample area.Individually, agroforestry quintals had the following Shannon diversity values (H '): QA1 2,52; QA2 3,27; QA3 2,66 and QA4 2,94; And Pielou equability (J ') QA1 0,78; QA2 0,90; QA3 0,77 and QA 40,85. The average height of the vegetation in QA 01 was 4,79m and total basal area was 120,17 m²/ ha, in QA 02 the average height was 5,14m with a total basal area of 18,49 m²/ ha, in QA 03 a mean height was 3,66 m and total basal area was 27,42 m²/ ha; in QA 04 the mean height was 5,54m with a total basal area of 33,98 m²/ha.The ten most important agroforestry species together represented 44.26% of the value of total importance, especially the species: Malpighia glabra, Psidium guajava and Mangifera indica that they reached prominent positions in more than one quintal.The ten most important families together accounted for 67.63% of the total IVI, and the families that stood out were Arecaceae, Anacardiaceae and Fabaceae for all (QAs) evaluated. Thus, it can be inferred that the agroforestry quintals of the Mariana resettlement demonstrated high richness and diversity, evidencing great environmental heterogeneity and low ecological dominance.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Diss_Poliana_Ferreira_Costa.pdf: 1338360 bytes, checksum: 1c523ddb26369e2486b4cb15ce0647dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study was conducted to evaluate different management of winter cultures in a no-till system, assessing their influence on soil physical properties, dynamics of weeds, content and and nutrient accumulation on soybean in summer crop in Marechal Cândido Rondon - Paraná. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of West Paraná - Campus Rondon in EUTRUSTOX (LVe). The experimental design was randomized blocks in band layout with three replications. The treatments consisted of four different winter crops (oats IPR 126, wheat BRS Tarumãt crambe FMS Bright and forage turnip cultivar common) and two management (chemical and mechanical). With respect to soil physical properties (macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and density), it was found that only the macroporosity was altered due to interaction between the winter crops and systems of management that occurred in the 0 - 10 cm in the assessment after the harvest of soybean crop. As to the values obtained for the penetration resistance of the soil, it was found that the oat (0.91 MPa) and crambe (1.43 MPa) provided significant differences in the 0 - 5 cm depth. Sixteen weed species were identified in the area, distributed in eleven plant families, especially the families Poaceae and Asteraceae. The presence of weeds in chemical handlings was lower when compared to mechanical handling. In relation to nutrient content were no significant differences for the quantities of N, C and C / N ratio of the materials. As for the accumulation of nutrients wheat BRS showed higher for Mg absorption with 9,15 kg ha-1 / O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar diferentes manejos de culturas de inverno em um sistema de plantio direto, verificando a sua influência sobre as propriedades físicas do solo, dinâmica de plantas daninhas, teor e acúmulo de nutrientes e sobre a cultura da soja no cultivo de verão, em Marechal Cândido Rondon - Paraná. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Oeste Paraná - Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Eutrófico (LVe). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de faixas, com três repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro diferentes culturas de inverno (aveia IPR 126, crambe FMS Brilhante, Nabo forrageiro cultivar comum e trigo BRS Tarumã) e por dois manejos (químico e mecânico). Com relação às propriedades físicas do solo (macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total e densidade), constatou-se que apenas a macroporosidade sofreu alterações, devido a interação entre as culturas de inverno e os sistemas de manejo empregados, ocorrido na camada de 0 10 cm na avaliação após a colheita da cultura da soja. Quanto aos valores obtidos para a resistência à penetração do solo, verificou-se que a aveia (0,91 Mpa) e o crambe (1,43 Mpa) ofereceram diferenças significativas, na camada de 0 5 cm de profundidade. Foram identificadas dezesseis espécies de plantas daninhas na área, distribuídas em onze famílias botânicas, destacando-se as famílias Poaceae e Asteraceae. A presença de plantas daninhas nos manejos químicos foi menor quando comparada ao manejo mecânico. Em relação aos teores de nutrientes houve diferenças significativas para as quantidades de N, C e relação C/N dos materiais. Já para o acúmulo de nutrientes o trigo BRS apresentou maior acúmulo para o Mg com 9,15 kg ha-1

Orientador: Omar Cavassan / Banca: Marco Antonio Batalha / Banca: Veridiana de Lara Weiser / Banca: Giselda Durigan / Banca: Ingrid Koch / Resumo:Os conceitos de ambiente degradado e ambiente perturbado foram inicialmente propostos com base na observação de tais processos em fragmentos de matas. Ambientes perturbados quando sujeitos a agentes, conseguem se restabelecer após a retirada do causador da perturbação. Porém, quando a ação ocorre de forma mais intensa, de modo a eliminar todo o potencial de retorno às condições semelhantes às anteriores, a vegetação é considerada degradada. Questiona-se se as mesmas ações que tornariam uma floresta degradada teriam a mesma consequência em fragmentos de cerrado. O presente estudo tem como finalidade analisar a composição da comunidade regenerativa, ao longo de um ano, em um fragmento de cerrado localizado no Jardim Botânico Municipal de Bauru-SP (JBMB). Busca-se ainda fornecer subsídios à compreensão dos processos ecológicos envolvidos na regeneração natural de áreas de cerrado degradadas e no combate químico como alternativa viável ou não para o controle de plantas invasoras. Além de contribuir para o conhecimento da flora do cerrado da região de Bauru. Para isso, algumas questões foram levantadas. Como ocorre a regeneração natural da vegetação lenhosa de um cerrado degradado? O combate químico às invasoras provocaria mudanças no desenvolvimento de plantas de cerrado? A intervenção no controle de plantas invasoras é desejável? A área de estudo foi desmatada por ação de posseiros, que se instalaram no local em 1997. Em 2007 houve a averbação da área ao Jardim Botânico Municipal de Bauru. Durante este período a área de vegetação nativa foi retirada para a formação de pastagens. Por dois anos o local ficou abandonado, sendo possível observar a regeneração natural da vegetação. Para avaliar o potencial de regeneração natural do cerrado, foi efetuado um levantamento florístico e fitossociológico comparativo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The concepts degraded environment and disturbed environment were initially proposed based on the observation of such processes in forest fragments. Disturbed environments, when subjected to agents, can reestablish after the removal of the disturbing factor. However, when the action is more intense and there is no potential to return to conditions similar to the previous ones, the vegetation is considered degraded. The question is: Would the actions that make a forest degraded have the same consequence in cerrado fragments? The present study aims to analyze the composition of the regenerative community over one year in a cerrado fragment located in the Municipal Botanical Garden of Bauru City, São Paulo State, Brazil (JBMB); to provide data to understand the ecological processes involved in the natural regeneration of degraded cerrado areas and the chemical combat as a viable alternative or not to control alien plants; and to contribute to the knowledge of the cerrado flora in Bauru region. Thus, some questions were raised. How does natural regeneration of the woody vegetation of a degraded cerrado occur? Would the chemical combat against invasive alien plants change the development of cerrado plants? Is intervention in the control of those plants favorable? The study area was deforested by the action of settlers, who established there in 1997. In 2007 the area was endorsed to the Municipal Botanical Garden of Bauru City (JBMB). During this period, the native vegetation was substituted for pasture. By two years ago the place has been abandoned and the natural vegetation started to regenerate. To evaluate the natural regeneration potential of cerrado, a comparative floristic and phytosociological survey was carried out in three areas inside JBMB. The first area is inserted in a "cerradão" fragment, free of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:02:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 neves_da_dr_botfca.pdf: 3746618 bytes, checksum: 8794b9913f06eb5bca7f226807f6c97a (MD5) / O Brasil é o país mais rico em termos de diversidade biológica tanto de fauna como de flora, sendo a floresta Atlântica e complexo Cerrado-Pantanal dois dos maiores hotspots do mundo. Nas últimas décadas, as conseqüências da ação antrópica no meio florestal nativo faz-se sentir cada vez mais, levando à fragmentação, à formação de florestas secundárias e comprometendo a diversidade biológica, qualidade do ar, da água e do solo. A necessidade de se desenvolver metodologias que permitissem uma análise do mosaico florestal de forma mais rápida e eficaz levou à utilização de mapeamentos aéreos, sendo a fotografia aérea a ferramenta utilizada de menor custo. A união dos processos de mapeamento aéreo e inventário florestal permitirão uma análise crítica, precisa e detalhada com conclusão ágil sobre uma floresta que se deseja estudar. Seria possível então saber se a área estudada se trata de um cerrado no seu sentido amplo? Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos avaliar a evolução temporal determinando indicadores da situação de dois fragmentos florestais nativos situados dentro de plantações florestais, utilizando fotografias aéreas; avaliar a ocorrência de espécies nativas lenhosas e não lenhosas utilizando levantamento florístico e fitossociológicos e, avaliar o aspecto geral da regeneração natural destes fragmentos. As duas áreas de estudo reunidas possuem aproximadamente 110 ha, parte de uma fazenda de produção de madeira localizada no município de Agudos, SP. Para elaborar a evolução temporal foram utilizadas fotografias aéreas dos anos de 1962, 1972, 1979, 2000 e 2006. E, para se conhecer a estrutura da floresta realizou-se um inventário florístico e fitossociológico. Foram demarcadas classes fitofisionômicas nos fragmentos através de uma análise aerofotogramétrica. Para a análise da estrutura... / Brazil is the richest country in terms of biological diversity in fauna and flora, and the Atlantic forest and Cerrado-Pantanal complex are two of the greatest hotspots of the world. In the last decades, the consequences of the anthropic action in the native forest have became stronger, leading to forest fragmentation, formation of secondary forests, and compromising the biological diversity as well as quality of air, water and soil. The necessity to develop methodologies that allow the analysis of the forest mosaic in a faster and more efficient way resulted in the use of aerial mappings, in which air photograph is the lowest cost used tool. The combination of the aerial mapping and forest inventory as processes will allow a critical, detailed and proper analysis, with agile conclusion of study object, i.e., the forest. It would be possible then whether the area studied is a Savannah? This research has as objectives: to evaluate the forest through time evolution, determining environmental indicators of the situation in two native forest fragments, located in forest plantations, using air photographs; and to evaluate the occurrence of wood and not wood native species using floristic and phytosociological survey and evaluating the general aspect of the natural regeneration of these fragments. The two study areas together are approximately 110 ha, part of a private forest located in the city of Agudos, SP. Air photographs of the years of 1962, 1972, 1979, 2000 and 2006 were used to prepare the time evolution. A floristic and phytosociological inventory was made to know the forest structure. Phytophysiognomic class Summary 4 was delimited in each fragment through an aerophotogrammetry analysis. For the analysis of the plants communities higher than 1.30 m, the following were calculated: structure, density, dominance and frequency (absolute and relative);...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

Resumo: O Brasil é o país mais rico em termos de diversidade biológica tanto de fauna como de flora, sendo a floresta Atlântica e complexo Cerrado-Pantanal dois dos maiores hotspots do mundo. Nas últimas décadas, as conseqüências da ação antrópica no meio florestal nativo faz-se sentir cada vez mais, levando à fragmentação, à formação de florestas secundárias e comprometendo a diversidade biológica, qualidade do ar, da água e do solo. A necessidade de se desenvolver metodologias que permitissem uma análise do mosaico florestal de forma mais rápida e eficaz levou à utilização de mapeamentos aéreos, sendo a fotografia aérea a ferramenta utilizada de menor custo. A união dos processos de mapeamento aéreo e inventário florestal permitirão uma análise crítica, precisa e detalhada com conclusão ágil sobre uma floresta que se deseja estudar. Seria possível então saber se a área estudada se trata de um cerrado no seu sentido amplo? Esta pesquisa tem como objetivos avaliar a evolução temporal determinando indicadores da situação de dois fragmentos florestais nativos situados dentro de plantações florestais, utilizando fotografias aéreas; avaliar a ocorrência de espécies nativas lenhosas e não lenhosas utilizando levantamento florístico e fitossociológicos e, avaliar o aspecto geral da regeneração natural destes fragmentos. As duas áreas de estudo reunidas possuem aproximadamente 110 ha, parte de uma fazenda de produção de madeira localizada no município de Agudos, SP. Para elaborar a evolução temporal foram utilizadas fotografias aéreas dos anos de 1962, 1972, 1979, 2000 e 2006. E, para se conhecer a estrutura da floresta realizou-se um inventário florístico e fitossociológico. Foram demarcadas classes fitofisionômicas nos fragmentos através de uma análise aerofotogramétrica. Para a análise da estrutura...(resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Brazil is the richest country in terms of biological diversity in fauna and flora, and the Atlantic forest and Cerrado-Pantanal complex are two of the greatest hotspots of the world. In the last decades, the consequences of the anthropic action in the native forest have became stronger, leading to forest fragmentation, formation of secondary forests, and compromising the biological diversity as well as quality of air, water and soil. The necessity to develop methodologies that allow the analysis of the forest mosaic in a faster and more efficient way resulted in the use of aerial mappings, in which air photograph is the lowest cost used tool. The combination of the aerial mapping and forest inventory as processes will allow a critical, detailed and proper analysis, with agile conclusion of study object, i.e., the forest. It would be possible then whether the area studied is a Savannah? This research has as objectives: to evaluate the forest through time evolution, determining environmental indicators of the situation in two native forest fragments, located in forest plantations, using air photographs; and to evaluate the occurrence of wood and not wood native species using floristic and phytosociological survey and evaluating the general aspect of the natural regeneration of these fragments. The two study areas together are approximately 110 ha, part of a private forest located in the city of Agudos, SP. Air photographs of the years of 1962, 1972, 1979, 2000 and 2006 were used to prepare the time evolution. A floristic and phytosociological inventory was made to know the forest structure. Phytophysiognomic class Summary 4 was delimited in each fragment through an aerophotogrammetry analysis. For the analysis of the plants communities higher than 1.30 m, the following were calculated: structure, density, dominance and frequency (absolute and relative);...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below) / Orientador: Zacarias Xavier de Barros / Coorientador: Vera Lex Engel / Banca: Zacarias Xavier de Barros / Banca: Luiz Alberto Blanco Jorge / Banca: Leila Cunha de Moura / Banca: Osmar Cavassan / Banca: José Eduardo Petrilli Mendes / Doutor

Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-25T15:30:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardocunhaloyolaelias.pdf: 3183431 bytes, checksum: 70c61c47670f4f4937953be5641bacd3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-25T15:42:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardocunhaloyolaelias.pdf: 3183431 bytes, checksum: 70c61c47670f4f4937953be5641bacd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-25T15:42:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ricardocunhaloyolaelias.pdf: 3183431 bytes, checksum: 70c61c47670f4f4937953be5641bacd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-20 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A Mata Atlântica vem sendo degradada desde a época do descobrimento do Brasil. Atualmente está reduzida a 7 % de sua extensão original e é considerado o oitavo maior hotspot do mundo. Regiões de Floresta Atlântica em Minas Gerais, ainda sem estudos de inventário, têm sido propostas como prioritárias para a investigação científica. A Serra da Pedra Branca, situada no município de Caldas, sudoeste do estado de Minas Gerais, faz parte do domínio florestal atlântico e constitui um dos últimos remanescentes desta vegetação na região. A região se caracteriza por apresentar afloramentos rochosos graníticos e sieníticos, onde trechos de florestas montanas e alto-montanas se intercalam aos campos de altitude. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a composição florística e estrutura arbórea das florestas em diferentes cotas altitudinais (1400, 1600 e 1700 metros). Foram amostrados três fragmentos em diferentes cotas de altitude utilizando o método de quadrantes com um transecto de 300 metros por fragmento, orientado por bússola com mira seguindo sempre o mesmo azimute, amostrando um ponto a cada 10 metros, totalizando 30 pontos por fragmento. Os fragmentos recebem o nome de Mata da Bica da Onça, Mata da Pedra Grávida e Mata da Estrela. Os parâmetros fitossociológicos analisados foram: densidade por área, densidade relativa, frequência absoluta, frequência relativa, dominância relativa e porcentagens de importância e de cobertura. Foram descritas a estrutura horizontal e vertical das áreas, a diversidade foi calculada através índice de Shannon e o teste de hipótese sobre diferenças entre os dois índices utilizando-se o teste proposto por Hutcheson. A similaridade foi calculada através dos índice de similaridade de Sørensen. Foram amostrados 360 indivíduos no total, sendo 120 por transecto, incluídos em 37 famílias, 65 gêneros, 84 espécies e um espécime indeterminado. As espécies mais abundantes foram Alchornea triplinervia (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. (29 indivíduos), Rapanea gardneriana A.DC. (15), Mollinedia argyrogyna Perkins e Sapium haematospermum Müll.Arg. (13 indivíduos cada), Rudgea gardenioides (Cham.) Müll.Arg. (12), Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O.Berg e Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum (11 indivíduos cada), Nectandra oppositifolia Nees e Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez (10 indivíduos cada) representando 34,44 % do total. A partir dos dados de composição florística e estrutura, os fragmentos puderam ser diferenciados em Floresta Ombrófila Densa Alto-montana (Mata da Bica da Onça) e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Montana (Mata da Pedra Grávida e Mata da Estrela). O dendrograma gerado a partir do Coeficiente de Sørensen mostrou que a Serra da Pedra Branca é mais similar a áreas de florestas de altitude e que, a latitude e os fatores edáficos têm grande influência na similaridade florística. / The Atlantic forest has been degraded since the time of discovery of Brazil. Today is reduced to 7% of its original extent and is considered the world's eighth largest hotspot. Regions of the Atlantic Forest in Minas Gerais, yet without studies of inventory, have been proposed as priorities for scientific research. The Serra da Pedra Branca, located in the municipality of Caldas, southwestern state of Minas Gerais, is part of the Atlantic forest domain and constitutes one of the last remnants of this vegetation in the region. The region is characterized by presenting syenitic and granitic outcrops, where patches of montane forest and upper montane are interpolated by altitude fields. The aims of this study was to characterize the floristic composition and structure of forest trees in diferent gradient altitudinais (1400, 1600 e 1700 meters). Three fragments were sampled in different altitudinal gradients using the method of measuring distances with a transect of 300 meters per fragment, guided by compass with sights always following the same azimuth, sampling one point every ten meters, totaling 30 points per fragment. The fragments are named Mata da Bica da Onça, Mata da Pedra Grávida, Mata da Estrela. The phytosociological parameters analyzed were: density per unit area, relative density, absolute frequency, relative frequency, relative dominance and percentages of importance and coverage. Were described the horizontal and vertical structure of the areas, the diversity was calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index and the testing hypothesis about differences between the two indices using the test proposed by Hutcheson. The similarity was calculated using the similarity index of Sørensen. A total of 360 individuals were sampled, 120 per transect included in 37 Families, 65 genera, 84 species and an undetermined specimen. The most abundant species Alchornea Were triplinervia (Spreng.) Müll.Arg. (29 Individuals), Rapanea gardneriana A.DC. (15), Perkins and Sapium Mollinedia argyrogyna haematospermum Müll.Arg. (Individuals 13 each), Rudgea gardenioides (Cham.) Müll.Arg. (12), Blepharocalyx salicifolius (Kunth) O. Berg and Pepper pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) Landrum (11 Individuals each), Nectandra oppositifolia Nees and Rapanea umbellata (Mart.) Mez (10 Individuals each) representing 34.44% of total. From the data of floristic composition and structure, the fragments could be differentiated into dense rain forest Upper montane (Mata da Bica da Onça) and semideciduous forest Montana (Mata da Pedra Grávida e Mata da Estrela). The dendrogram generated from the Sørensen coefficient showed that the Serra da Pedra Branca is more similar to altitude forest areas and that, the latitude and soil factors strongly influence the floristic similarity.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:40:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Tese_Homero_Scalon_Filho.pdf: 7423772 bytes, checksum: da7fe41b8adc20ffaebc71dac1a85c5a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-04 / Limited information is available on the floristic composition of ecosystem and population surveys are time consuming and expensive, and sampling a considerable alternative. The objective of this work was the completion of the census of five native tree species in the forest area of savanah, and subsequent implementation and evaluation of sampling methods employed in phytosociological surveys. The characteristics of frequency, density and dominance absolutes were estimated and observed the dispersion of juveniles relative to the nearest matrix. An area of 75,000 m2 was previously selected in the Santa Madalena farm, district of Itahum, city of Dourados, MS, Brazil, located at coordinates 22o09'07.57" S and 54o59'55.43" O to 483 m high, and divided into 30 smaller areas of 50 x 50 meters to facilitate the identification, marking, counting, measuring and checking of tree evaluated. Species considered due to the high extraction for presenting therapeutic capabilities, were Anadenanthera falcata (Bth) Speg (angico-preto-do-cerrado), Bauhinia holophyla (Bong.) Stend (falsa-pata-de-vaca), Dimorfanda mollis Benth (faveiro-do-cerrado), Duguetia furfuraceae (St. Hil.) B. et H. (araticum-do-cerrado) and Tabebuia aurea (Manso) B. et H. (para-tudo). Were collected Circumference at Breast Height - CBH, canopy diameter and georeferenced position. The diameter of the canopy was estimated from the average of the largest diameter and the other transverse to it, allowing the estimation of the mean radius, which was then transformed into area pantries to estimate the coverage area CA of each species. The CBH was used for calculation of dominance parameter affect the basal area. The frequency was calculated as the number of individuals observed and the number of areas in which the species occurred, and the density was expressed as number of individuals per unit area (acres). Values of frequency, density and dominances relatives were used to calculate the Importance Value Index - IVI. The data georeferencing were launched in Software AutoCad generated six maps in scale 1:400, being a general map and five, one for each species evaluated. The maps were divided into quadrants for analysis of dispersion and sampling strategies from them were established with variation of the area sampled to evaluate the effectiveness of different sampling systems used in phytosociological surveys in forest savannah. 549 individuals were found with CBH above 0.02 m being the species with the highest number araticum (155 individuals), and falsa-pata-de-vaca the lowest occurrence (9 individuals). The CA was generated by five species of 922.959 m2 ha-1, this being 476.832 m2 ha-1 refers to angico and only 3.289 m2 ha-1 for the falsa-pata-de-vaca. The angico still showed higher dominance (1.212) and IVI (103.560), and falsa-pata-de-vaca only 0.003 of dominance and IVI of 5.22. CBH values were transformed in diameter at breast height - DBH and distributed into five classes in order to investigate their distribution according to age groups, and it was found that the class of younger subjects, there was suppression of the species, indicating strong impacting action and electing distribution in age classes as an important tool for understanding the phenological state of the forest. Treatments faced with the census sampling methods were composed of varying areas. Most methods differ significantly in phytosociological parameters of the sense performed. For the evaluation of the number of individuals para-tudo the method of sample plots was efficient. For estimates the phytosociological parameters any of sampling methods can be recommended for forest savannah, in the conditions that this study was conducted / Existe pouca informação sobre a composição florística dos ecossistemas e levantamentos populacionais são demorados e caros, sendo a amostragem uma alternativa considerável. O objetivo deste trabalho foi a realização do censo populacional de cinco espécies arbóreas em área nativa de mata de cerrado, e posterior aplicação e avaliação de métodos de amostragem empregados em levantamentos fitossociológicos. Foram estimadas as características frequência, densidade e dominância absolutas e observada a dispersão dos indivíduos jovens em relação à matriz mais próxima. Uma área útil de 75.000 m2 foi previamente selecionada na fazenda Santa Madalena, distrito de Itahum, município de Dourados, MS, situada nas coordenadas 22o09 07.57 S e 54o59 55.43 O a 483 metros de altitude, e dividida em 30 áreas menores de 50 x 50 metros para facilitar a identificação, marcação, contagem, medição e conferência dos indivíduos avaliados. As espécies consideradas em função do alto extrativismo, por apresentarem capacidades terapêuticas segundo mateiros locais, foram a Anadenanthera falcata (Bth) Speg (angico-preto-docerrado), Bauhinia holophyla (Bong.) Stend (falsa-pata-de-vaca), Dimorfanda mollis Benth (faveiro-do-cerrado), Duguetia furfuraceae (St. Hil.) B. et H. (araticum-do-cerrado) e Tabebuia aurea (Manso) B. et H. (para-tudo). Os dados coletados foram circunferência à altura do peito CAP, diâmetro de copas e posição georreferenciada. O diâmetro das copas foi estimado a partir da média entre o maior diâmetro e outro transversal a este, permitindo a estimativa do raio médio que em seguida foi transformado em área de copas para estimativa da área de cobertura AC de cada espécie. A CAP foi utilizada para os cálculos de dominância, parâmetro afeto à área basal. A frequência foi calculada em função do número de indivíduos observados e o número de áreas em que ocorreu a espécie, e a densidade foi expressa em número de indivíduos por unidade de área (hectares). Dos valores de frequências, densidades e dominâncias relativas foi calculado o Índice de Valor de Importância IVI. Os dados de georreferenciamento foram lançados no Software AutoCad que gerou seis mapas em escala de 1:400, sendo um mapa geral e outros cinco, um para cada espécie avaliada, que foram divididos em quadrantes para análises de dispersão e a partir deles foram estabelecidas estratégias amostrais, com variação da área amostrada visando avaliar a eficácia dos diferentes sistemas amostrais utilizados em levantamentos fitossociológicos em mata de cerrado. Foram encontrados 549 indivíduos com CAP acima de 0,02 m sendo a espécie com maior número o araticum (155 indivíduos), e a falsa-pata-de-vaca a de menor ocorrência (9 indivíduos). A AC gerada pelas cinco espécies foi de 922,959 m2 ha-1, sendo desta 476,832 m2 ha-1 referente ao angico e apenas 3,289 m2 ha-1 pela falsa-pata-de-vaca. O angico ainda apresentou maior dominância (1,212) e IVI (103,560), e a falsa-pata-de-vaca apenas 0,003 de dominância e IVI de 5,22. Os valores de CAP foram transformados em Diâmetro à Altura do Peito - DAP e distribuídos em cinco classes para averiguação de sua distribuição conforme grupos de idade, e foi verificado que na classe dos indivíduos mais jovens houve supressão das espécies, evidenciando forte ação impactante e elegendo a distribuição em classes de idades como ferramenta importante para o entendimento do estado fenológico da mata. Os tratamentos confrontados com o censo foram compostos por métodos amostrais com variação nas áreas. Para a avaliação do número de indivíduos do para-tudo os métodos foram eficientes exceção feita à parcela de 5 x 10 m e o transecto em duas direções. Os métodos diferiram significativamente, em todos os parâmetros fitossociológicos, do senso realizado. Para estimativas dos parâmetros fitossociológicos nenhum dos métodos amostrais avaliados pode ser recomendado para mata de cerrado, nas condições em que este estudo foi conduzido

Η περιοχή έρευνας αποτελείται από την οροσειρά του Ελικώνα, το όρος Ξεροβούνι και τμήμα του όρους Νεραϊδολάκκωμα. Οι ορεινοί αυτοί όγκοι βρίσκονται στη Στερεά Ελλάδα και συγκεκριμένα στο νομό Βοιωτίας. Στην παρούσα εργασία εξετάζουμε τις πληροφορίες που αφορούν στο αβιοτικό περιβάλλον, όπως τοπογραφικές, γεωλογικές, κλιματικές και βιοκλιματικές. Η χλωρίδα της εξεταζόμενης περιοχής αποτελείται από 1273 taxa, από οποία τα 17 είναι Πτεριδόφυτα και τα 1256 Σπερματόφυτα. Το μεγαλύτερο μέρος των βιβλιογραφικών δεδομένων και συγκεκριμένα τα 335 από τα 448 taxa επιβεβαιώθηκαν, ενώ εντοπίστηκαν 825 νέα φυτικά taxa, αριθμός που αντιπροσωπεύει περίπου το 65% της χλωρίδας μας. Από την ανάλυση του βιοφάσματος της χλωρίδας μας προκύπτει πως το υψηλό ποσοστό συμμετοχής (35,35 %) των θεροφύτων, αντικατοπτρίζει ένα μεσογειακού τύπου κλίμα, κύριο χαρακτηριστικό του οποίου είναι η παρατεταμένη θερμή και ξηρή περίοδος. Από την άλλη μεριά το σημαντικό ποσοστό των ημικρυπτοφύτων που ακολουθεί με μικρή διαφορά (32,83%) δείχνει την ισχυρή επίδραση που ασκεί το ορεινό ανάγλυφο της περιοχής στη σύνθεση της χλωρίδας μας. Η ενότητα των Βαλκανικών γεωστοιχείων αντιπροσωπεύεται από 127 taxa (10,03%). Από αυτά, τα 72 taxa χαρακτηρίζονται ως ενδημικά Βαλκανικά, ενώ τα 55 είναι Βαλκανικά Υπενδημικά. Το ποσοστό ελληνικών ενδημικών ειδών ανέρχεται στο 9,16% της χλωρίδας των ορέων μας και αντιστοιχεί σε 116 taxa. Ο μεγάλος αριθμός ενδημικών γεωστοιχείων που καταγράφεται στην περιοχή μελέτης οφείλεται σε ένα σύνολο παραγόντων. Μεταξύ αυτών περιλαμβάνονται: οι ποικίλες μονάδες βλάστησης που αναπτύσσονται στην εξαιρετικά εκτενή περιοχή μελέτης, η οποία εκτείνεται από το επίπεδο της θάλασσας έως την ανωδασική ζώνη, αλλά και η παρουσία οικοτόπων με ξεχωριστή οικολογία. Σημαντικό όμως ρόλο φαίνεται πώς έχει διαδραματίσει η γεωγραφική θέση της περιοχής μας και η εγγύτητα αυτής με την Πελοπόννησο, την Εύβοια, όσο και με τα χαμηλά όρη της Ανατ. Στερεάς (Γεράνεια, Κιθαιρώνας, Πατέρας) αλλά και υψηλά όρη που βρίσκονται δυτικότερα (Παρνασσός, Γκιώνα, Βαρδούσια). Πέραν των παραπάνω η παλαιογεωγραφία και η απουσία ισχυρών φυτογεωγραφικών εμποδίων αποτελούν παράγοντες που ευνόησαν τον εμπλουτισμό των ορέων που ερευνώνται με ενδιαφέροντα ενδημικά γεωστοιχεία. Μεταξύ των φυτικών στοιχείων που διαμορφώνουν την χλωρίδα της περιοχής περιλαμβάνονται 65 taxa τα οποία θεωρούνται σημαντικά λόγω της σπανιότητας και των απειλών που αυτά δέχονται. Τα 6 από αυτά ανήκουν σε μια από τις κατηγορίες ερυθρών δεδομένων του Red Data Book of Rare of Threatened Plants of Greece (Phitoς et al, 1996) Συγκεκριμένα 3 taxa χαρακτηρίζονται εύτρωτα (V), 2 σπάνια (R) και 1 κινδυνεύων (E). Επιπλέον 21 φυτικά είδη, εκ των οποίων τα 15 είναι ενδημικά, εντάσσονται σε κάποια από τις κατηγορίες ερυθρών δεδομένων της IUCN (1997). Επικρατεί η κατηγορία των σπάνιων (R) με 18 taxa, ενώ 2 taxa χαρακτηρίζονται ως εύτρωτα (V) και 1 ως απειλούμενο. Παράλληλα προχωρήσαμε σε τροποποιήσεις του status επικινδυνότητας ορισμένων στενότοπων ενδημικών ειδών, με βάση τις νέες κατηγορίες της Λίστας Ερυθρών δεδομένων και λαμβάνοντας υπόψη τόσο τα κριτήρια που υιοθετήθηκαν από τη IUCN. (IUCN, 2001), όσο και επιτόπιες παρατηρήσεις που έγιναν τόσο στην περιοχή έρευνας, όσο και σε γειτονικά όρη. Προκειμένου να διερευνήσουμε τις φυτογεωγραφικές σχέσεις του ορεινού συγκροτήματος με τις υπόλοιπες φυτογεωγραφικές περιοχές της Ελλάδας, αλλά και με τα κυριότερα όρη της Στερεάς και Πελοποννήσου χρησιμοποιήσαμε τις εξαπλώσεις των ενδημικών taxa. Έντονη λοιπόν εμφανίζεται η φυτογεωγραφική σύνδεση της περιοχής μας με την Πελοπόννησο, ενώ από τις υπόλοιπες γεωγραφικές περιοχές ξεχωρίζει το Δυτικό Αιγαίο, με την γειτονική και σε κοντινή απόσταση ευρισκόμενη Εύβοια. Τα υψηλά ποσοστά που καταγράφονται και στις δύο περιπτώσεις (76% και 49% αντίστοιχα) σχετίζονται με την παλαιογεωγραφική πορεία των παραπάνω περιοχών και συγκεκριμένα με την πρόσφατη αποχώρηση τους από την Στερεά Ελλάδα, αλλά και από την έλλειψη ισχυρών φυτογεωγραφικών εμποδίων, μιας που τόσο ο θαλάσσιος χώρος του Κορινθιακού όσο και αυτός του Ευβοϊκού δεν απομόνωσαν αποτελεσματικά τις τρεις γεωγραφικές περιοχές. Η ένταση των σχέσεων αυτών βαίνει μειούμενη με την ακόλουθη σειρά: Νότια Πίνδος, Ανατολική-Κεντρική, Βόρεια-Κεντρική Ελλάδα, Ιόνια Νησιά, Κρήτη, Κυκλάδες, Βόρεια Πίνδος κλπ. Προκειμένου να διερευνηθεί η βλάστηση της περιοχής και να διακριθούν οι επιμέρους μονάδες της, επιλέχθηκαν 358 αντιπροσωπευτικές δειγματοληψίες. Κατά τη διάρκεια της συνθετικής φάσης χρησιμοποιήθηκαν σύγχρονες μέθοδοι πολυπαραγοντικής αριθμητικής επεξεργασίας οικολογικών δεδομένων. Για την κατάταξη των δεδομένων βλάστησης χρησιμοποιήθηκε η Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA), με τη βοήθεια του λογισμικού πακέτου πολυπαραγοντικής ανάλυσης PC-ORD 4.19 (Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data, version 3.0 for Windows). Η μέθοδος κατάταξης εφαρμόστηκε συμπληρωματικά με τη μέθοδο ταξινόμησης TWINSPAN. Από την επεξεργασία των δειγματοληψιών διακρίθηκαν 20 φυτοκοινωνίες, 2 υπο-φυτοκοινωνίες και 17 φυτοκοινότητες. Οι μονάδες που περιγράφονται για πρώτη φορά ανέρχονται σε 9. Από αυτές οι 3 αποτελούν νέες φυτοκοινωνίες, ενώ οι υπόλοιπες 6 μονάδες εντάχθηκαν σε ένα απροσδιόριστο ιεραρχικό επίπεδο Ταξινομικού συστήματος, αυτό της κοινότητας. Οι νεοπροσδιοριζόμενες φυτοκοινωνίες εντοπίζονται σε κάθετα ασβεστολιθικά βράχια, ενώ το μεγαλύτερο μέρος των κοινοτήτων απαντώνται σε περιοχές όπου η βλάστηση έχει σημαντικά αλλοιωθεί, εξαιτίας της δράσης του ανθρώπινου παράγοντα, από τα βάθη των αιώνων έως σήμερα. Συγκεκριμένα οι περισσότερες νέες φυτοκοινότητες εντοπίζονται στον ανωδασικό χώρο αλλά και στον ξηρό θερμο-μεσογειακό όροφο βλάστησης. Διαδοχή και εξέλιξη των μονάδων βλάστησης Στην ενότητα αυτή παραθέτουμε την δυνητική επικρατούσα καθώς και την υφιστάμενη βλάστηση ανά όροφο βλάστησης. Παράλληλα σχολιάζουμε την φυτοδυναμική πορεία της βλάστησης κάτω από τη δράση των όποιων αρνητικών επεμβάσεων που ασκούνται στην περιοχή έρευνας. Διερευνήθηκαν οι κυριότερες επεμβάσεις και οι επιπτώσεις αυτών στα οικοσυστήματα της περιοχής έρευνας. Μεταξύ αυτών περιλαμβάνονται η παρουσία μεταλλείων βωξίτη, οι εκτεταμένες διανοίξεις δασικών δρόμων, οι πυρκαγιές, η βόσκηση, οι εκχερσώσεις, η παράνομη λειτουργία ανεξέλεγκτων χώρων διάθεσης απορριμμάτων κλπ. Αξιολογήθηκαν 77 taxa τα οποία κρίθηκαν ότι εμφανίζουν σημαντικό ενδιαφέρον, είτε λόγω του περιορισμένου αριθμού και των σημαντικών κινδύνων που αυτά διατρέχουν, είτε για την ιδιαίτερη φυτογεωγραφική σημασία που κάποια από αυτά εμφανίζουν. Σε γενικές γραμμές η περιοχή έρευνας εμφανίζει εξαιρετική έως μεγάλη αξία για την διατήρηση ενός μεγάλου αριθμού από τα παραπάνω είδη. Από την αξιολόγηση 15 τύπων οικοτόπων, που εμφανίζονται στην περιοχή μας προέκυψαν τα ακόλουθα: Υψηλό βαθμό συνολικής αξιολόγησης έλαβαν τα ευμεσογεικά βράχια και τα βραχώδη πρανή των υψηλών κορυφών. Ακολουθούν τα δάση φυλλοβόλων δρυών και Κεφαλληνιακής Ελάτης, ενώ ικανοποιητική σημασία έχουν οι μονάδες βλάστησης του ανωδασικού χώρου, οι πρινώνες, τα δάση αριάς, καθώς και αυτά της ελιάς και χαρουπιάς. Παράλληλα προχωρήσαμε και στην αξιολόγηση της περιοχής στο σύνολο της, χρησιμοποιώντας τόσο εδώ όσο και στις αξιολογήσεις φυτικών ειδών και οικοτόπων μια σειρά ευρέων αποδεκτών κριτηρίων. Τέλος επισημαίνονται οι κυριότερες διαχειριστικές δράσεις που αποβλέπουν στη διατήρηση και προστασία των φυσικών οικοσυστημάτων αλλά και στην ανάδειξη της περιοχής. / The mountains Elikonas, Xerovouni ands Neraidolakkoma are situated in the south-central part of Sterea Ellada Department. In the present thesis we examine the information concerning the abiotic environment, such as the topography, the geology, the climate and the bioclimate. The flora of the study area consists of 1273 taxa, out of which 116 are Greek and 72 Balkan endemics. In the framework of the doctoral thesis we analyze the life form spectrum and the chorological spectrum of our flora. Moreover, we look into the plant geographical relations of the mountainous complex with other regions in Greece as well as with the main mountains of Sterea Ellada and of Peloponnese. The phytosociological research resulted to the distinction of 20 associations and 17 communities. Among them, 3 new associations and 6 new communities are described. Furthermore, elements of ecological succession of the vegetation units are juxtaposed, as well as the most critical human threats. Finally, we evaluate a significant number of vegetal elements, the habitats under observation, but also the research area in its total.

This paper, deals with the status of the flora around the village Dobčice, which is located in the northern part of the Protected Landscape Area Blanský les. The area of interest covers an area of 12.6 hectares and includes two nature reserves: NR Chřášťanský vrch and NR Vysoká Běta. In the teritory are located eleven types of terestrial biotopes, for which was created 35 phytosociological relevés, including their photographs and localization. Further fieldwork that was carried out in the theritory was floristic survey. In the monitored area was found total of 264 species of plants and mosses. Six of these species is classified in the 3rd edition of the Red List of vascular plants of the Czech Republic. For each of the found species was created an entry in the herbarium.