• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 109
  • 11
  • 11
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 139
  • 77
  • 52
  • 39
  • 34
  • 30
  • 29
  • 26
  • 25
  • 24
  • 24
  • 23
  • 20
  • 19
  • 19
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Approche phytosociologique et symphytosociologique des végétations et des paysages du Bas-Vivarais (nord du Bassin méditerranéen français) / Phytosociological and symphytosociological approach of vegetations and landscapes of Bas- Vivarais (north of French Mediterranean Bassin)

Choisnet, Guillaume 22 January 2019 (has links)
S’étendant sur environ 1800 km², le Bas-Vivarais correspond à la partie sédimentaire du département de l’Ardèche située en bordure sud-est du Massif central. Du fait d’une lithologie et d’une géomorphologie variées, d’un contexte climatique s’inscrivant dans un gradient latitudinal de ‘’méditerranéité’’, la végétation du Bas-Vivarais, malgré une certaine homogénéité apparente, est hautement diversifiée et s’avère originale par rapport aux végétations du reste du Bassin méditerranéen. En appliquant les préconisations méthodologiques de la phytosociologie braun-blanqueto-tüxénienne et de la (géo)symphytosociologie franco-espagnole, une étude des groupements végétaux et des complexes de groupements végétaux a été entreprise, permettant, à partir de 2 619 relevés et 388 synrelevés de mettre en évidence 144 associations et groupements, dont 58 apparaissent nouveaux, ainsi que 22 synassociations et hypogéosynassociations. L’étude phytosociologique permet de compléter la connaissance des végétations méditerranéennes et de proposer un cadre d’analyse s’appuyant sur des critères synécologiques, structuraux et synchorologiques transposables à l’ensemble du bassin méditerranéen. L’étude des complexes de groupements réalisée suivant la méthodologie franco-espagnole de la phytosociologie paysagère, montre, dans le Bas-Vivarais, les limites d’une approche fondée sur une démarche purement phytodynamique et sériale et oblige de retourner aux fondamentaux de la phytosociologie intégrée inductive, c’est-à-dire la description causale de synassociations écologiquement homogènes par la mise en évidence de combinaisons répétitives de syntaxons. Des préconisations méthodologiques sont donc proposées pour la délimitation in situ des complexes de groupements et la caractérisation d’unités homogènes sur le plan synécologique et physionomique. / Occupying about 1800 km², the Bas-Vivarais Region corresponds to the sedimentary part of the Ardèche department, located on the south-eastern edge of the Massif Central. Due to varied lithology and geomorphology features, to a climatic context forming part of a latitudinal mediterranean gradient, and despite an apparent homogeneity, the vegetation appears to be very diversified and original, compared to the vegetation of the rest of the Mediterranean Basin.The study of plant communities and complexes communities was undertaken following the principles of the Braun-Blanqueto-Tüxenian phytosociology and on the methodology of the French-Spanish (geo)synphytosociology. The analysis of 2.619 relevés and 388 synrelevés allows to highlight 144 syntaxa of association level among which 58 units appear new, 54 synassociations and hypogeosynassociations.The phytosociological study allows to increase the knowledge about Mediterranean vegetations and proposes a analysis framework based on synecological and structural and synchorological criteria that can be transposed to the entire Mediterranean basin.In the Bas-Vivarais, the study of the complexes (groups) of communities following the French-Spanish methodology, shows the limits of community complexes study based on a purely phytodynamic and serial approach. It obliges to come back to the fundamentals of integrated inductive landscape phytosociology, (TÜXEN 1973, 1979), that is to say the causal description of ecologically homogeneous synassociations through the demonstration of repetitive combinations of communities. Methodological recommendations are therefore proposed for the in situ delineation of communities complexes and the characterization of homogeneous units both at synecological and physiognomic levels.
22

Período anterior da interferência das plantas daninhas no amendoim em resposta a densidade de plantas e espaçamentos /

Souza Junior, Nilton Luiz de. January 2010 (has links)
Orientador: Pedro Luís da Costa Aguiar Alves / Banca: Ignácio José Godoy / Banca: Carlos Alberto Mathias Azania / Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da diminuição do espaçamento entrelinhas e da densidade populacional do amendoim rasteiro, cultivar Runner IAC 886 sobre o período anterior de interferência (PAI) das plantas daninhas e produtividade da cultura. Foram estudados dois espaçamentos entrelinhas (60 e 90 cm) e, em cada qual, os tratamentos constaram de três densidades (5, 10 e 15 plantas.m-1) combinadas com nove períodos de convivência com as plantas daninhas (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 e 120 dias após a emergência - DAE). Para cada espaçamento o delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. Na análise da importância relativa (IR), que é um índice complexo que envolve os três fatores anteriores, sendo calculado pelo somatório da constância, densidade e dominância relativas. Das espécies de plantas daninhas presentes durante todo o período experimental, quatro espécies se destacaram: Digitaria spp. (capimcolchão), Panicum maximum (capim-colonião), Acanthospermum hispidum (carrapichode- carneiro) e Cyperus rotundus (tiririca). Verificou-se que independente do espaçamento e da densidade a tiririca foi à espécie com maior IR durante o período inicial de desenvolvimento da cultura. O capim-colonião apresentou elevada IR aos 30 DAE devido a brotação de touceiras. O carrapicho-de-carneiro se destacava, na maioria das vezes, depois das outras espécies de plantas daninhas. No espaçamento de 0,90 m o capim-colchão foi a espécie de maior IR. No espaçamento de 0,60 m e densidade de semeadura de 5, 10 e 15 plantas.m-1, o PAI foide 87, 39 e 11 DAE, respectivamente, enquanto para o espaçamento de 0,90 m estes foram de 4, 41 e 11 DAE / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the decrease in row spacing and density of creeping peanut cultivar IAC Runner 886 on the previous period of interference (PAI) weed and crop productivity. We studied two row spacings (60 and 90 cm), and each, treatments consisted of three densities (5, 10 and 15 plants.m-1) combined with nine periods of coexistence with the weeds (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after emergence - DAE). For each row the experimental design was a randomized split-plot design with three replications. In the analysis of the relative importance (IR), is a complex index that involves the three factors above, is calculated by the sum of constant, relatives density and dominance. The weed species present throughout the experimental period, four species are highlighted: Digitaria spp., Panicum maximum, Acanthospermum hispidum and Cyperus rotundus. It was found that C. rotundus of the spacing and density of the weed was the species with the highest IR during the initial period of development of culture. P. maximum IR 30 DAE because sprout clumps. The A. hispidum out, in most cases, after the other weed species. The spacing of 0.90 mo Digitaria spp. was the kind of higher IR. Spaced 0.60 m seeding rate of 5, 10 and 15 plants.m-1, PAI felled was 87, 39 and 11 DAE, respectively, while for the spacing of 0.90 m they were 4, 41 and 11 DAE / Mestre
23

Estrutura da comunidade arbórea de trechos de florestas de Araucaria no estado de São Paulo, Brasil / Structure of the tree community in stands of Araucaria forests, in São Paulo state, Brazil

Souza, Rose Pereira Muniz de 30 March 2009 (has links)
A Floresta Ombrófila Mista ocupava extensa área da região sul e parte do sudeste do Brasil. A partir do século XX, o aumento da intervenção antrópica colocou o ecossistema na categoria de criticamente ameaçado e a Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze, espécie típica deste ecossistema, em perigo de extinção. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e comparar a estrutura da comunidade arbustiva e arbórea em diferentes estratos de Floresta Ombrófila Mista no estado de São Paulo. Para tanto foram realizados inventários fitossociológicos em floresta nativa de araucária no Parque Estadual de Campos do Jordão, no nordeste do estado de São Paulo, e no município de Barra do Chapéu, na região sul do estado. Para a amostragem do estrato superior foram instaladas 50 parcelas de 10x20 m, nas quais foram amostradas todas as árvores com perímetro à altura do peito (PAP) 15 cm. Para a amostragem do estrato inferior foram instaladas, em cada parcela de 10 x 20 m, cinco subparcelas de 1x1 m, onde todos os indivíduos lenhosos (altura 30 cm e PAP<15 cm) foram amostrados. Na floresta de Campos do Jordão o estrato superior apresentou 1.918 indivíduos, distribuídos em 26 famílias, 38 gêneros e 58 espécies (H=3,08 e J=0,73); no estrato inferior foram encontrados 576 indivíduos, pertencentes a 23 famílias, 39 gêneros e 55 espécies (H=3,81 e J=0,84). Em Barra do Chapéu o estrato superior apresentou 1.879 indivíduos, distribuídos em 42 famílias, 81 gêneros e 123 espécies (H=3,81 e J=0,79); no estrato inferior foram encontrados 915 indivíduos, pertencentes a 33 famílias, 50 gêneros e 74 espécies (H=3,44 e J=0,79). Análises multivariadas de classificação e ordenação foram realizadas a fim de investigar as relações florísticas entre os remanescentes de Floresta Ombrófila Mista na região Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. O mesmo método também foi empregado para verificar a influência da Floresta Ombrófila Densa na composição das florestas de araucária paulistas. Notou-se clara distinção entre as florestas de araucária paulistas das áreas inventariadas na região Sul do Brasil. Não houve separação nítida entre áreas de Floresta Ombrófila Densa e Mista no estado de São Paulo presentes na mesma faixa altitudinal. A separação entre as duas formações no Estado de São Paulo é restrita ao critério fisionômico, já que a Araucaria angustifolia destaca-se entre as emergentes apenas na Floresta Ombrófila Mista. / The Ombrophilous Mixed Forest covered an ample area in the South and in part of the Southeast of Brazil. Since the 2Oth century, the increase of anthropic intervention has put the ecosystem in a critically threatened category and the Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze, the typical species of this ecosystem, in extinction prone. The goal of the present study was to describe and compare the tree community structure in distinct strata of the Ombrophilous Mixed Forest. We did phytossociological surveys in araucaria forests in the Campos do Jordão state park, Northeast of São Paulo state, and in the district of Barra do Chapéu, South of São Paulo state. To sample the upper stratum, we installed fifty 10x20 m plots, where all trees with perimeter at breast height (PBH) 15 cm were measured. To sample the lower stratum, into each upper stratum plot, were installed five 1x1 m sub-plots, where all the woody individuals from 30 cm high to PBH < 15 cm were sampled. In the Campos do Jordão site, the upper stratum showed 1,918 individuals, distributed in 26 families, 38 genus and 58 species (H=3.08 and J=0.73); in the lower stratum we found 576 individuals, belonging to 23 families, 39 genus and 55 species (H=3.81 and J=0.84). In Barra do Chapéu site, we found in the upper stratum 1,879 individuals, distributed in 42 families, 81 genus and 123 species (H=3.81 and J=0.79); in the lower stratum, we sampled 915 individuals, belonging to 33 families, 50 genus and 74 species (H=3.44 and J=0.79). We did classification and ordination multivariate analysis to assess the floristic relationship between the existent Ombrophilous Mixed Forest remaining in the South and Southeast of Brazil. We did the same analysis to evaluate the influence of Ombrophilous Dense Forest on the composition of araucaria forest in São Paulo state. We found a clearly disjunction between the Brazilian South remaining forests and the Southeast remaining forests. We did not find a clear separation between Ombrophilous Dense and Mixed Forest areas in the same altitudinal ranges, in São Paulo state. The separation between these two formations, in São Paulo state, is restrict to physiognomic criteria, since that Araucaria angustifolia is an important emergent tree only in the Ombrophilous Mixed Forest.
24

Estrutura do componente arbóreo e da regeneração de áreas em processo de restauração com diferentes idades, comparadas a ecossistema de referência / Structure of the tree component and regeneration of areas in process of restoration of different ages, compared to reference ecosystem

Naves, Rafaela Pereira 07 March 2013 (has links)
A crescente degradação de ecossistemas tornam necessários inúmeros esforços para recuperá-los. A ecologia da restauração é uma ciência que vem crescendo, buscando suporte e apoiando as bases da ecologia teórica. O papel das áreas restauradas na manutenção da biodiversidade é ainda incerto, mas há consenso que estas devem restabelecer os atributos ecológicos. A escolha de bons indicadores ecológicos é crucial para avaliar a evolução dessas áreas. A análise da vegetação é um bom indicador, por ser possível utilizar métodos simples de execução e apresentar respostas rápidas às condições (bióticas e abióticas), fornecendo, por exemplo, informação dos agentes dispersores na área e das características das espécies que compõe a comunidade. Através dessas informações é possível inferir se a área é visitada por animais e como ocorre o processo sucessional. A presente pesquisa consistiu na análise da vegetação de florestas em processo de restauração com idades diferentes. Foram escolhidos plantios com oito e 12 anos e um remanescente florestal. Em cada área foram alocadas 30 parcelas de 10 x 10 m, todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos (estrato arbóreo) com diâmetro a altura do peito maior ou igual a 10 cm foram amostrados, identificados e tiveram sua altura estimada. O estrato regenerante foi registrado por parcelas de 2 x 10 m alocadas no interior das parcelas (10 x 10m) onde foram amostrados e identificados indivíduos com altura maior ou igual a 50 cm e diâmetro a altura do peito menor que 10 cm. As espécies encontradas foram categorizadas em grupos funcionais (síndromes de dispersão e classes de sucessão) e origem (nativa e exótica). Para o estrato arbóreo e para o regenerante, o ecossistema de referência apresentou maior densidade, riqueza e diversidade. Diferente do ecossistema de referência, os plantios apresentaram muitos indivíduos de espécies de origem exótica, e não apresentaram muitos indivíduos das classes sucessionais clímax. Diante dos resultados talvez sejam necessárias ações de manejo adaptativo, com retirada das espécies que tem potencial invasor e enriquecimento funcional para que a evolução das áreas não seja comprometida. A avaliação da vegetação mostrou-se bom indicativo no estudo da evolução das áreas em processo de restauração. / The growing degradation of ecosystems makes it necessary the adoption of various efforts in order to restore it. Restoring ecology is a science that has been growing, seeking support and providing support to the foundations of theoretical ecology. The role of the restored areas in the maintenance of biodiversity is still uncertain; however there is consensus that they should restore the ecological attributes. The choice of good ecological indicators is crucial in order to assess the evolution of those areas. The analysis of the vegetation is a good indicator, because it enables the use of simple execution methods and because it also presents fast answers to the conditions (biotic and abiotic) providing for example, information about the dispersing agents of the area as well as the characteristics of the species that makes up the community. Through this information, it is possible to infer if the area is visited by animals and how the succession process happens. The current research consists of the analysis of the vegetation of forests in restoring process with different ages. Plantings were chosen between 8 to 12 years and a remnant forest. In each area 30 plots of 10 X 10 m were allocated, all tree species with diameter and breast height higher or the same as 10 cm were shown, identified and had their height estimated. The regenerative component was recorded in plots of 2 X 10 m allocated in the interior of the plots where they were sampled and identified the individuals with height higher than 50 cm and diameter and breast height lower than 10 cm. The species found were categorized in functional groups (dispersion syndrome and restoring guilds). The highest values of density, richness and diversity of arboreal and regeneration layers were found in the reference ecosystem. The forests in process of restoration considered in this work, unlike the reference ecosystem, presented numerous individuous of exotic species, and did not present many late-successional individuous. Results suggest that performing adaptative management actions, such as invasive species removal and functional enrichment, may be necessary for the appropriate evolution of the concerned areas. Evaluation of the vegetation was considered a good indicator to study the development of areas in process of restoration.
25

Composição e estrutura fitossociológica da regeneração natural na floresta de restinga alta em Picinguaba (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar) município de Ubatuba, SP, Brasil /

Diniz, Fábio Vicentin. January 2009 (has links)
Orientador: Reinaldo Monteiro / Banca: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues / Banca: Marco Antonio de Assis / Resumo: Estudos fitossociológicos na planície litorânea de Picinguaba são muito pontuais, restritos ao estrato arbóreo. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a comunidade arbórea e arbustiva que se desenvolve sob o dossel da floresta de restinga alta da planície litorânea do Núcleo Picinguaba (Parque Estadual da Serra do Mar) buscando relacioná-la com algumas características abióticas do local. Procurou-se responder às seguintes questões: 1) Há alguma diferença significativa na composição física e química dos solos que ocorrem sobre e entre os cordões arenosos quaternários?; 2) Se existe essa diferença, ela é refletida na composição e estrutura da comunidade vegetal que se desenvolve sobre esses solos?; 3) As características edáficas da restinga alta estudada influenciam na estrutura da comunidade vegetal de modo a formar mosaicos vegetacionais na área? 4) Pode-se dizer que a floresta de restinga alta estudada no Plot A, devido a sua posição no relevo e suas características estruturais, é semelhante à vegetação de encosta do Núcleo Picinguaba? Utilizou-se o método de parcelas, amostrando todos os indivíduos com menos que 15cm de perímetro na altura do peito (PAP), e altura total igual ou maior que 1,50m. Observou-se a existência de duas unidades geomorfológicas no hectare estudado na restinga, que influenciam tanto na composição do solo quanto na estrutura da comunidade vegetal em regeneração na área. No entanto, não foi observada uma diferença significativa na composição florística sobre e entre os cordões arenosos, havendo apenas uma diferença na densidade da comunidade que se desenvolve sobre essas duas áreas. Concluiu-se que a área estudada na planície litorânea, apesar da posição no relevo e da estrutura florestal, indicativa de uma comunidade mais madura, não é semelhante à vegetação de encosta... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Phytosociological studies on coastal plains in Picinguaba are very punctual, restrict in arborea stratum. Because of that this research intends to characterize the arboreal-shrubby life, which grows under the canopy of the upper restinga forest on the coastal plains of Picinguaba Nucleus (Serra do Mar State Park). It also aimed to investigate the links among some abiotic characteristics in that area. The study was carried out by the following questions. 1) Is there any significant difference in the physic and chemical soil composition that occurs over and among the quaternary sand area? 2) If there is this difference, is it reflected on the composition and structure of the native plant community in those soils? 3) Do edafic characteristics of the upper restinga analyzed have influence in the plant community structure, creating plant mosaics in the local? 4) Is it possible to affirm that the upper restinga forest, studied in PLOT A, is similar to the vegetation of Picinguaba Nucleus slope, due to its position in the relief and its structural characteristic? The research has used the method of plots, presenting samples of all the individuals that measures less then 15 cm of perimeter until the chest (PAP), and species, which are 1,50m tall or taller. The study also observed the existence of two geomorphologic units of each hectare. It was observed in the restinga that these two units have effect as much in the soil composition as in the plant community structure in regeneration in the area. However it was not noticed a significant difference in the floristic composition over and among the sand area, which presents only one characteristic in the density of the plant community growing over those two areas. The research has concluded that the area analyzed on the coastal plains is not similar to the slope vegetation, in despite of the position of relief and the forest structure... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
26

Influ?ncia da pedoforma sobre a composi??o flor?stica e a estrutura da floresta estacional fluminense,Pinheiral - RJ / Influence of landform on the Floristic composition and structure of the seasonal forest Fluminense, Pinheiral, RJ.

Medeiros, Alexandre dos Santos 27 April 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Sandra Pereira (srpereira@ufrrj.br) on 2017-03-20T12:04:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Alexandre dos Santos Medeiros.pdf: 2286456 bytes, checksum: 842836833d5eee132ccb1326d56f697c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-20T12:04:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015 - Alexandre dos Santos Medeiros.pdf: 2286456 bytes, checksum: 842836833d5eee132ccb1326d56f697c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-27 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / he different environmental conditions promoted by geomorphological changes, make the recovery of forest ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest challenging. In the southern state of Rio de Janeiro, where there are the semideciduous seasonal forests, degradation promoted during the coffee cycle and the current urban sprawl, restricted the seasonal forests to small fragments, responsible for ground cover, water harvesting, shelter for native fauna and representation of regional floristic diversity. Such fragments occur on geomorphological landforms variations called concave and convex, able to determine the behavior of surface water and influence the ecological dynamics of plant communities occurring. Studies to date do not allow to determine specific environmental standards between landforms, as only relate the soil variations catenary gradient and its influence on the distribution of species. Thus, it is necessary to formulate a replicable design, able to identify edaphic and microclimatic standards specific to the concave and convex landforms, and determine its influence on the distribution of species. To this end, we selected three concave landforms and three convex to perform the study, and installed 54 plots of 100m2 each landform. In each plot were collected for the phytosociological study, the diameter and height of tree species with DAP?5cm. The phytosociological parameters were calculated diversity indices, floristic similarity the sample sufficiency and compared the structural means by 5% Levene test. In each plot, soil samples were collected at depths of 0-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm, totaling 108 samples composed of five single samples, used for grain size analysis and chemical soil fertility. The pattern of distribution of species was correlated with soil and microclimate variables of each landform simultaneously with the aid of multivariate analysis reductional (Multivariate Factor Analysis, PCA), ordenativas (Canonical Correlation Analysis and Canonical Correspondence) and agglomerative (Hierarchical Cluster). The results indicate subtle differences between soil conditions and a specific microclimate between landforms, capable of influencing the distribution of specific groups of species, however, without characterizing the formation of different plant communities. Considering the specific environmental conditions of each landform, the main variables that coordinate and species related to these conditions, it was possible to offer technical support for recupara??o of degraded and disturbed areas, as well as the enrichment of Forest ecosystems fragments of Atlantic Forest / As diferentes condi??es ambientais promovidas por varia??es geomorfol?gicas, tornam a recupera??o de ecossistemas florestais da Floresta Atl?ntica um grande desafio. Na regi?o Sul do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, onde ocorrem as Florestas Estacionais Semideciduais, a degrada??o promovida durante o ciclo do caf? e o atual crescimento urbano desordenado, restringiram as Florestas Estacionais a pequenos fragmentos, respons?veis pela cobertura do solo, capta??o de ?gua, abrigo para fauna nativa e representa??o da diversidade flor?stica regional. Tais fragmentos ocorrem sobre varia??es geomorfol?gicas denominadas pedoformas c?ncavas e convexas, capazes de determinar o comportamento das ?guas superficiais e influenciar a din?mica ecol?gica das comunidades vegetais ocorrentes. Estudos realizados at? o momento n?o permitem determinar padr?es ambientais espec?ficos entre pedoformas, pois relacionam apenas as varia??es ed?ficas ao gradiente caten?rio e sua influ?ncia sobre a distribui??o das esp?cies. Desta forma, faz-se necess?ria a formula??o de um delineamento replic?vel, capaz de identificar padr?es ed?ficos e microclim?ticos espec?ficos para as pedoformas c?ncavas e convexas, al?m de determinar sua influ?ncia sobre a distribui??o das esp?cies. Para tal, foram selecionadas tr?s pedoformas c?ncavas e tr?s convexas para realiza??o do estudo, sendo instaladas 54 parcelas de 100m2 em cada pedoforma. Em cada parcela foram coletados, para o estudo fitossociol?gico, o di?metro e altura das esp?cies arb?reas com DAP?5cm. Foram calculados os par?metros fitossociol?gicos, ?ndices de diversidade, similaridade flor?stica, a sufici?ncia amostral e comparadas as m?dias estruturais pelo teste de Levene a 5%. Em cada parcela foram coletadas amostras de solo nas profundidades de 0-5, 5-10 e 10-20 cm, totalizando 108 amostras compostas por cinco amostras simples, utilizadas para as an?lises granulom?tricas e da fertilidade qu?mica do solo. O padr?o de distribui??o das esp?cies foi correlacionado com as vari?veis ed?ficas e microclim?ticas de cada pedoforma simultaneamente, com auxilio de an?lises multivariadas reducionais (An?lise Fatorial Multivariada, PCA), ordenativas (An?lise de Correla??o Can?nica e Correspond?ncia Can?nica) e aglomerativas (Cluster Hier?rquico). Os resultados indicam diferen?as sutis entre as condi??es ed?ficas e um microclima espec?fico entre pedoformas, capaz de influenciar a distribui??o de grupos espec?ficos de esp?cies, por?m, sem caracterizar a forma??o de comunidades vegetais distintas. Considerando a condi??o ambiental espec?fica de cada pedoforma, as principais vari?veis que as coordenam e as esp?cies relacionadas a tais condi??es, foi poss?vel oferece subs?dios t?cnicos para recupara??o de ?reas degradas e perturbadas, bem como o enriquecimento de fragmentos de ecossistemas Florestais da Floresta Atl?ntica
27

Efici?ncia da recupera??o ambiental de ?reas antropizadas pela minera??o de ferro do Complexo Caraj?s - PA / Efficiency of environmental rehabilitation of areas disturbed by mining iron Complex Caraj?s - PA

GON?ALVES, Fernando Soares 16 April 2012 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-04-11T20:50:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Fernando Soares Gon?alves.pdf: 1312529 bytes, checksum: f74571a02ea2e60ea594e27896515023 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T20:50:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - Fernando Soares Gon?alves.pdf: 1312529 bytes, checksum: f74571a02ea2e60ea594e27896515023 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-04-16 / CAPES / Mining activities have a direct influence on economic development, which directly affects the gross domestic product (GDP), mainly in developing countries. The environmental interference provided by the mining activities can vary in intensity according to the mineral exploited, but they are always punctual activities. This study was conducted in the mineral province of Caraj?s, PA, in areas revegetated post mining iron ore, and to evaluate the processes of vegetation arising from revegetation of barren slopes, starting from the initial hypothesis that signed the revegetation of slopes of waste in the mining of iron using cocktails of seed species in the rainforest and savanna Metal?fila can act as facilitators of natural succession and conditioners as the substrate. The second hypothesis is that signed the removal, storage and return of surface soil organic horizon ("topsoil") after the operation by open pit mines have an essential role in the revegetation process, because they already provide quantitative and qualitative characteristics that reflect the communities previously existing in the area. In this work were highlighted four areas of study, three areas undergoing revegetation and an area with the presence of primary forest. The variables analyzed were phytosociology, photosynthetically active radiation, chemical quality of the stock of litter, soil fauna and soil fertility. The results indicate that the revegetation processes used, promoted the formation of a plant community which facilitates the process of succession over time, as many of the species used in the cocktail of seeds of the CCI and workshop areas are being replaced by species more adapted to conditions of each site. In the area called Hoppe, the herbaceous species that colonized the area are being replaced by shrub and tree species. The quality of the provided information able to litter cluster areas of studies according to the nutrients present in the litter, the areas being divided into Workshop CCI and the concentrations of lignin, cellulose, P and Mg, while areas were grouped Hoppe and Mata as a function of P and N fractions present in the twigs and leaf litter. But the use of soil fauna indicated that the groups Collembola and Formicidae will be extremely important for monitoring the quality of sites over time. From these results it was concluded that the use of biotic and abiotic indicators in studies of recovery of mined areas should be thoroughly studied and documented, they offer attributes able to understand developments in the recovery process. / As atividades de minera??o t?m influencia direta sobre o desenvolvimento econ?mico, afetando diretamente o produto interno bruto (PIB), principalmente dos pa?ses em desenvolvimento. As interfer?ncias ambientais proporcionadas pelas atividades de minera??o podem variar de intensidade de acordo com o mineral explorado, mas sempre s?o atividades pontuais. O presente estudo foi realizado na prov?ncia mineral de Caraj?s-PA, em ?reas revegetadas p?s minera??o de min?rio de ferro, tendo como objetivo avaliar a forma??o vegetal oriunda dos processos de revegeta??o de taludes de est?ril, partindo da primeira hip?tese firmada que a revegeta??o dos taludes de est?ril em ?rea de minera??o de ferro utilizando coquet?is de sementes de esp?cies pertencentes a savana metal?fila e floresta ombr?fila podem agir como facilitadores da sucess?o natural e como condicionadores do substrato. A segunda hip?tese firmada ? que a retirada, armazenamento e retorno do horizonte org?nico superficial do solo (?topsoil?) ap?s a explora??o por minera??es a c?u aberto t?m fundamental papel no processo de revegeta??o, por j? apresentar caracter?sticas quantitativas e qualitativas que refletem as comunidades anteriormente existentes na ?rea. Neste trabalho foram demarcadas quatro ?reas de estudo, sendo tr?s ?reas em processo de revegeta??o e uma ?rea com presen?a de mata prim?ria. As vari?veis analisadas foram fitossociologia, radia??o fotossinteticamente ativa, qualidade qu?mica do estoque de serrapilheira, fauna do solo e fertilidade do solo. Os resultados obtidos apontam que os processos de revegeta??o utilizados, promoveram a forma??o de uma comunidade vegetal que viabilize o processo sucessional ao longo do tempo, pois muitas das esp?cies utilizadas no coquetel de sementes das ?reas CCI e Oficina est?o sendo substitu?das por esp?cies mais adaptadas ?s condi??es de cada s?tio. Na ?rea denominada Hoppe, as esp?cies herb?ceas que colonizaram a ?rea est?o sendo substitu?das por esp?cies arbustivas e arb?reas. A qualidade da serrapilheira forneceu subs?dios capazes de agrupar as ?reas de estudos em fun??o dos nutrientes presentes na serrapilheira, sendo as ?reas CCI e Oficina agrupadas em fun??o das concentra??es de lignina, celulose, P e Mg, enquanto que as ?reas Hoppe e Mata ficaram agrupadas em fun??o do Ca e N presente nas fra??es galhos e folhas da serrapilheira. J? a utiliza??o da fauna do solo indicou que os grupos Collembola e Formicidae ser?o de extrema import?ncia para o acompanhamento da qualidade dos s?tios ao longo do tempo. A partir destes resultados foi poss?vel concluir que a utiliza??o de indicadores bi?ticos e abi?ticos em estudos de recupera??o de ?reas mineradas devem ser amplamente estudados e documentados, pois oferecem atributos capazes de compreender a evolu??o nos processos de recupera??o.
28

Manejos de cereais de inverno em sistema de integração lavoura pecuária e sua influencia sobre as propriedades físicas do solo, resíduos culturais e plantas daninhas / Winter cereals managements in integrated crop-livestock and its influence on the physical properties of soil, cultural residues and weed

Piano, Jeferson Tiago 27 February 2014 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:36:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_Diss_Jeferson_Tiago_Piano.pdf: 1013753 bytes, checksum: d7a290e824e835fc82cc2e6dc888c48f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The study aimed and was conducted to evaluate the effects of different managements of cereals grown and subjected to grazing on soil physical properties, quantity and nutrient content of winter crop residues, besides the incidence of weeds. The study was conducted in the experimental area of the State University of West Paraná - Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon in Dystrophic Oxisol. The experimental design was randomized blocks in split-plot, with four replications. The treatments consisted of three different winter cereals (oats IPR 126, wheat and triticale BRS Tarumã IPR 111) in bands A and managements in B bands: ungrazed , one grazing and two grazing. With respect to soil physical properties (macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and density), determined by collecting soil core, it was found that they suffered minor influences, with the exception of soil density due to treatments, evaluations after harvest of winter cereals and soybeans. The resistance to penetration, determined with an impact penetrometer, was influenced by the crop after harvest of winter cereals and by management after the soybean harvest in 20-25 cm layer and 25-30 cm depth. The different winter cereals used influenced the amount of remaining organic waste, the levels of C and P in the C:N. The largest amount of crop residues was found that the management was not performed grazing. Through the inventory square method, were identified 11 families and 16 species of weeds in the area, highlighting the Poaceae and Asteraceae families / O estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos de diferentes manejos de cereais de inverno cultivados e submetidos ao pastejo, sobre as propriedades físicas do solo, a quantidade e os teores de nutrientes dos resíduos culturais, além da incidência de plantas daninhas. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em área experimental da Universidade Estadual do Oeste Paraná - Campus Marechal Cândido Rondon, em LATOSSOLO VERMELHO Distroférrico (LVdf). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de faixas, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de três diferentes cereais de inverno (aveia IPR 126, trigo BRS Tarumã e triticale IPR 111) nas faixas A e os manejos nas faixas B: sem pastejo, um pastejo e dois pastejos. Com relação às propriedades físicas do solo (macroporosidade, microporosidade, porosidade total e densidade), determinadas com anéis volumétricos, constatou-se que estas sofreram pequenas influencias, com exceção da densidade do solo, devido aos tratamentos empregados, nas avaliações após a colheita dos cereais de inverno e da cultura da soja. A resistência do solo à penetração, determinada com penetrometro de impacto, foi influenciada pela cultura, após a colheita dos cereais de inverno e, pelo manejo após a colheita da soja, na camada de 20 a 25 cm e de 25 a 30 cm de profundidade. Os diferentes cereais de inverno utilizados influenciaram na quantidade de resíduos orgânicos remanescente, nos teores de C, P e na relação C:N. A maior quantidade de resíduos culturais foi encontrada no manejo em que não foi realizado pastejo. Através do método do quadrado inventário, foram identificadas 11 famílias e 16 espécies, de plantas daninhas na área, destacando-se as famílias Poaceae e Asteraceae
29

De la Limagne à la chaîne des Puys. Approche analytique intégrative pour l’étude des végétations actuelles et potentielles en moyenne montagne tempérée / From the Limagne to the « chaîne des Puys » - Analytical and integrative approach for the study of current and potential vegetation in temperate middle mountain

Roux, Camille 08 June 2017 (has links)
Cette recherche, qui s'inscrit dans le cadre du programme de cartographie des habitats naturels et semi naturels (CarHAB) piloté par le Ministère en charge de l’Écologie vise à proposer une typologie et une méthodologie de cartographie dynamique et paysagère en moyenne montagne. La région clermontoise, depuis la Limagne jusqu'à la chaîne des Puys, a été retenue comme secteur d'étude car il s'agit d'une région montagneuse, particulièrement diversifiée tant au niveau des facteurs abiotiques que biotiques, ces conditions entraînant une grande variété d'habitats. Six grand types de systèmes, représentant une surface de 51 544 ha, ont été étudiés : vallée alluviale, plaine sédimentaire de la Limagne, coteaux xérothermiques, plateau et gorges sur substrat cristallin et zones montagnardes de la chaîne des monts Dôme. Afin de faciliter l’approche paysagère, un référentiel phytosociologique analytique intégrant 5614 relevés, ainsi qu’un catalogue descriptif des associations végétales présentes sur le territoire, ont été mis en place. Ces outils diagnostiques ont permis de déterminer 173 associations ou groupements végétaux dans notre secteur d’étude. Le corpus principal de ce travail consiste en l'élaboration d'un modèle prédictif spatio-temporel des végétations actuelle et potentielle en utilisant l’approche dynamico-caténale. Cette méthode, dont les définitions, concepts et adaptations à la zone d'étude sont explicités et discutés, a l'avantage de représenter trois niveaux d'organisation de la végétation, communauté végétale (association végétale, habitat), dynamique (série) et paysage (géosérie) et d'intégrer les variables écologiques qui les régissent au sein de patrons spatiaux (tessella, caténa). À l'issue de cette analyse, 81 unités typologiques ont été caractérisées : 60 séries de végétations (23 séries, 5 sous-séries, 5 curtaséries 23 permaséries et 4 théroséries) et 21 géoséries de végétations (14 géoséries, 3 géocurtaséries et 4 géopermaséries). Chacune d’entre elles fait l’objet d’une description complète, avec diagrammes d'affinités dynamique, extension géographique, état de conservation, degré d'anthropisation/naturalité... Ces recherches débouchent aussi sur plusieurs résultats d'ordre méthodologique. Un module spécifique de la base de données VegFrance a été mis en place, en utilisant le logiciel Turboveg, afin de stocker, dans un but d'analyse, les 184 relevés paysagers réalisés (synrelevés et géosynrelevés). Un modèle prédictif de l'impact du changement climatique sur les séries de végétation, selon les objectifs de la cop 21, a été esquissé. Les valeurs bio-indicatrices d’Ellenberg ont été utilisées ici en intégrant plusieurs niveaux d’échelles : plante, association végétale et série de végétation. Ces valeurs, analysées statistiquement, ont permis de caractériser la variabilité écologique inter- ou intra-sériale et plus globalement d’effectuer une évaluation du degré de naturalité/anthropisation pour chaque série. Enfin un mode opératoire est proposé pour de telles études cartographiques dans des régions similaires selon les objectifs de CarHAB. Trois cartes de végétations ont été réalisées à l'issue de ce travail : une première représente les séries résultant de l’analyse des végétations actuelles, une deuxième les géoséries de la zone d’étude. La troisième est une carte des séries de végétations potentielles dites "hypothétiques" résultant du changement climatique global. / This research project is part of the program CarHAB designed for the mapping of natural and semi-natural habitats and funded by the French Ministry of Environment. It aims at proposing 1) landscape vegetation typology and 2) a methodology to map vegetation of French low mountain range at the landscape scale, taking into account the vegetation dynamic. The study area is the Clermont-Ferrand region, in Auvergne, from the Limagne plains to the “chaîne des Puys” (Massif central, France) which is a mountainous region. It is particularly varied regarding both abiotic and biotic drivers of plant types and thereafter includes a large variety of habitats. Six main types of ecosystems were studied, over a 51 544 ha large area : an alluvial valley, a sedimentary plain, xerothermic hills, plateau and fault on crystalline rocks and mountains of the monts Dômes. The first step of this landscape approach had consisted to propose an analytical phytosociological referential, based on 5614 relevés from bibliography and ours. A descriptive catalog of the plant associations occuring over the studied area was provided. Based on those diagnostic tools, 173 associations or plant assemblages was identified in the study area. The main body of this work consists of the elaboration of a spatiotemporal predictive model of the current and potential vegetation, using the dynamico-catenal approach. The benefit of this approach, defined and discussed in this work, is that it represents three levels of organization of the vegetation, i.e. plant communities (plant association, habitat), their dynamics (serie) and their spatial organization in the landscape (geoserie). It permits to take into account the ecological variables driving vegetation patterns (tessella, catena). Following this “dynamico-catenal” analysis, 81 typological units have been found and characterized: 60 series of vegetation (23 séries, 5 sous-séries, 5 curtaséries 23 permaséries and 4 théroséries) and 21 geoseries of vegetation (14 géoséries, 3 géocurtaséries and 4 géopermaséries). Each of them is fully described in this work, in particular regarding their dynamic affinity diagrams, geographical extension, conservation state, degree of anthropisation or naturality... This work achieved several methodological issues: 1) A specific module of the VegFrance data base was established, using the Turboveg software, to store relevés at the landscape scale realized (synrelevés, géosynrelevés). 2) A predictive model of the impact of the climate change on the vegetation series was sketched, according to the objectives of the COP 21 scheme. 3) The bio-indicator values of Ellenberg were used here at several levels: taxa, plant communities and vegetation series. These data were analyzed statistically and their variability within and between vegetation series was assessed as cues for ecological variability and more generally for the naturality/anthropization of each serie. Finally a modus operandi is proposed for analyzing and mapping vegetation in similar regions, according to the objectives of the CarHAB framework. Three maps of vegetation were realized: one represents the series resulting from the analysis of the current vegetation, the second represents the geoserie of the area study. The third is a map of the series of potential vegetation which may be expected under the hypothesis of a global climate change.
30

Estrutura e dinâmica sucessional de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual com diferentes históricos de pertubação

Martins, Leonardo Augusto [UNESP] 27 October 2010 (has links) (PDF)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-10-27Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 martins_la_me_botfca.pdf: 9668913 bytes, checksum: 69b87662a1dd037524113f277bfdba4c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A Mata Atlântica é um dos biomas de maior biodiversidade do planeta, que há séculos tem sido sistematicamente destruída pelo desmatamento e fragmentação florestal, principalmente no domínio da Floresta Estacional Semidecidual. Os fragmentos remanescentes frequentemente têm sofrido distúrbios adicionais, tanto antrópicos quanto naturais. Deste modo, para a sua conservação e restauração é fundamental o conhecimento da resposta desses ecossistemas aos distúrbios. Este trabalho teve como objetivo geral caracterizar a estrutura da vegetação e a regeneração natural de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual com diferentes históricos de perturbações e conhecer o papel das clareiras na regeneração de algumas das suas espécies arbóreas mais representativas. A pesquisa foi realizada em um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual com aproximadamente 615 ha (Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Olavo Egydio Setúbal), no município de Lençóis Paulista (22. 27’S, 48.57W), SP. A amostragem foi feita através da demarcação de parcelas permanentes contíguas (10 x 10 m), totalizando um hectare em cada uma de três área na floresta( três hectares no total), sendo: área A , local que sofreu efeitos de um tornado ocorrido há cinco anos atrás; área B: área mais bem conservada, sem histórico recente de perturbações antrópicas e, área C, com registros de extração seletiva de madeira até meados da década de 70. Em cada área foram sorteadas 50 parcelas de 10 x 10 m para o levantamento fitossociológico do estrato arbóreo (indivíduos com altura 1,30 m) e regenerante (altura 0,50 e <1,30 m, levantado em 3 sub-parcelas de 10 x 1 m). Para a regeneração natural, cada subparcela amostrada foi categorizada como sendo de clareira (definição de Brokaw, 1982) ou de dossel fechado. O monitoramento do microclima foi feito quatro vezes... / The Atlantic Forest is one of the richest planest’s biomes in biodiversity, which has been systematically destroyed by deforestation and forest fragmentation., mainly at the Seasonal Semideciduous Forest domain. The remaining forest fragments have often suffered further disturbances , be natural or anthropogenic. To conserve or restore these ecosystems is fundamental to know how do they respond to the disturbances. This paper has the objective of characterizing the vegetation structure and the natural regeneration of a forest fragment with different disturbances histories, assessing the role of gaps in the regeneration of its most representatives tree species..The research was realized in a 615 ha seasonal semideciduous forest fragment (Private Natural Patrimony Reserve-RPPN “Olavo Egydio Setúbal”), at Lençóis Paulista Municipality (22. 27’S, 48.57W), SP. Sampling method was by contiguous permanent plots (10 x 10m), totalizing one hectare in each of three study sites within the forest (three ha in the total: Area A: site subjected to a tornado disturbance five years ago; Area B: site well conserved, with no recent anthropogenic disturbances events and, Area C: site were selective logging was registered until meddle 70’s. In each site 50 plots (10 x 10 m) were randomly assorted for the phytosociological (stems 1.30 height) and natural regeneration (1.30 < height 0.50 m, surveyed in three 1 x 10 m sub-plots within each plot) assessment. Each sub-plot established for natural regeneration survey was categorized as gap (Brokaw´s definition, 1982) or closed canopy. Microclimate was monitored four times in the year, within three consecutive days, in pairs of gap and closed canopy plots, in each of the three study sites. The preference of some tree species for regenerating in gap or closed canopy habitats was also tested. Within the three samples sites we sampled 10.570 individuals... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Page generated in 0.4495 seconds