Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:25:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:13:39Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 wada_ph_me_ilha.pdf: 2307367 bytes, checksum: bf5261eeec1759347b37da533e408ffe (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A preocupação com o meio ambiente tem estimulado o interesse por pesquisas voltadas para o desenvolvimento sustentável. O presente trabalho objetivou estudar o reaproveitamento de resíduos de cerâmica vermelha (RCV) na composição de concreto, em substituição em massa ao agregado miúdo (areia), visando a sua utilização em estacas do tipo moldadas in loco. Foram confeccionados concretos com substituição de 20%, 40%, 60% e 80% de areia natural (em massa) pelo RCV. Realizaram-se ensaios de compressão simples e de módulo de elasticidade em todos os traços no estado endurecido e, no estado fresco, ensaios de incorporação de ar e de massa específica. Visando avaliar o seu comportamento em condições de campo, frente às ações de trabalho, foram confeccionadas três estacas de concreto com 40% de RCV, as quais foram submetidas à prova de carga por meio de ensaio rápido. Os resultados das provas de carga foram comparados com os de outros ensaios realizados no mesmo local, porém com estacas de concreto convencional. Concluiu-se que o reaproveitamento do RCV melhorou as características físicas e mecânicas do concreto e possibilitou a sua aplicação nas estacas em estudo. / Concern for the environment has stimulated interest in research for sustainable development. The present work aimed investigated the reuse of red ceramic waste (RCW) in the concrete composition, replacing in weight to fine aggregate (sand) and proposing his application in cast-in-place piles foundations. Were made compositions with 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of sand by RCW replacement. Compressive strength tests and modulus of elasticity were performed for all compositions of hardened concrete. Testing of air entraining and density were also made in the concrete in its fresh state. In order to evaluate his behavior under field conditions, on work load situation, three foundation piles were made, which were submitted the quick load test. The piles were made with 20.0 cm diameter and 4.50 m length using concrete with 40% replacement. The results obtained were compared with others load test carried at the same place, however with conventional concrete piles. It was concluded that reuse of RCW improved the physical characteristics and mechanics of concrete and its possible application in the piles foundation in study.

The thesis is focused on the reconnstruction of the "Old Bridge“ in Bratislava. Part of the reconstruction is the foundations of a new pier and redevelopment of an existing pier. The introduction provides an overview of methods used for the foundations within the river and from there onwards, the most suitable method haas been selected. The piers foundation is designed in several variants, coupled with the drawings. In conclusion, the variants were compared and the most suitable one was selected.

No description available.

Bridge failures in the past decade due to structural deficiencies demonstrated the clear need for a review of the current bridge analysis approaches. This study focuses on pile-supported bridges under predominantly static loading. A critical review of the current analysis approaches was performed. It was concluded that in the absence of an onerous iteration process, the current approaches often produce inaccurate and, in many cases, unsafe results since the interactions between superstructure and foundation are not fully considered. To address the inherent limitations of the current approaches, a computer program [Soil Spring Module (SSM) 2.0] was developed as a part of the study. SSM 2.0 can be used in conjunction with a frame analysis program to capture nonlinear load transfer from foundation elements to soil in different directions simultaneously. STAAD.Pro was selected for demonstration in this study. Using SSM 2.0 and STAAD.Pro, this study proposes a new analysis approach using the Integrated Analysis Process (IAP). The same methodology can be applied in other frame analysis programs. Kansas Bridge 45 was selected as a case study. Using the IAP approach, a series of integrated analyses including all superstructure elements (e.g., deck, girders and piers) and all foundation elements (e.g., pile caps and piles) were performed on Kansas Bridge 45 for different soil types and properties. Different from the conventional approaches, the full interactions between superstructure and foundation were considered simultaneously in a single analysis using the IAP approach. The analysis results from the IAP approach and the conventional approaches were examined. The advantages of the IAP approach were identified. Comparing to the conventional approaches in current practice, the proposed IAP approach does not involve crude assumptions or intensive iterations. Using the IAP approach, design engineers can complete structural and foundation analysis of pile-supported bridges with good accuracy in a timely manner. The same methodology can potentially be applied to other structure types. / Graduate / 2022-12-15

I samband med Förbifart Stockholm och Tvärförbindelse Södertörn förväntas en flaskhals skapas vid Vårbybron i södra Stockholm. För att förhindra överbelastning planeras en nybyggnation där pålgrundläggning med grävpålar föreslås. Markförhållanden är ovanliga i Stockholm, med över 100 meter ned till berg. Komplexa omständigheter i området gör det nödvändigt att analysera markrörelser som verkar på grundläggningen. Syftet med studien är att undersöka horisontella- och vertikala sättningar vid ett brolandfäste. Syftet är vidare att analysera vilken typ av numerisk konstitutiv modell som är lämplig med hänsyn till studiens specifika fall och område; Mohr-Coulomb (MC), Hardening Soil (HS) och Hardening Soil med small-strain stiffness (HSS). Slutligen ska jordparametrarnas väsentlighet avgöras i en parameterstudie. Sonderingsdata tillämpas i studien för att skapa en jordlagermodell i AutoCAD Civil 3D 2019 Metric och vidare simulering av sättningar i Plaxis 2D. Vid modellering av sättningar i förekommande geologi rekommenderas att en avancerad modell används, med fördel HSS. Däremot kräver mer avancerade modeller noggranna indata för tillförlitligt resultat och ytterligare tester för styvhetsparametrar bör utföras. I detta projekt kan dyrare tester tänkas sänka slutgiltig budget, eftersom underskattning av moduler i djupa och fast lagrade jordar baserade på konservativt valda moduler ger upphov till en dyrare konstruktion. / In conjunction with the opening of the Stockholm Bypass and Tvärförbindelse Södertörn, a bottleneck is expected at the bridge Vårbybron in southern Stockholm. To prevent traffic congestion, a new construction is planned where pile foundation consisting of bored piles is proposed. The ground conditions are unusual and not typical for Stockholm involving over 100 meters distance to rock. Complex circumstances in the area makes it complicated as well as necessary to analyze ground movements. The aim of the study is to investigate horizontal- and vertical settlements at a bridge abutment. The aim is further to analyze which type of numerical constitutive model that is appropriate with respect to the specific case and area; Mohr-Coulomb (MC), Hardening Soil (HS) and Hardening Soil with small-strain stiffness (HSS). Finally, the significance of the soil parameters is to be determined in a parameter analysis. Results from soundings are used to create a geological model in AutoCAD Civil 3D 2019 Metric. Furthermore, simulation of settlements in Plaxis 2D is performed. It is recommended to apply advanced models for this type of geology, advantageously HSS. However, more advanced models require accurate input data to obtain reliable results, and additional tests for stiffness parameters must be performed for accuracy in the results. In this project, more expensive tests can be thought of as lowering the final budget, as underestimation of modules in deep and stiff soils based on conservatively selected modules leads to an unnecessarily expensive construction.

The official recommendations in geotechnical engineering are according to Swedish practice to install inclined driven piles in order to resist external horizontal loads, which usually consist of windloads. These loads gets counteracted by utilizing the pile's axial load-bearing capacity, however when designing a foundation the use of inclined piles has proven to be problematic from a number of different perspectives. This has made both engineers as well as contractors long for a solution where the piles instead are allowed to be installed vertically, which could be made possible by utilizing the lateral bearing capacity of the pile which occurs in connection with lateral resistance during pile-soil interaction. The present day knowledge about such an engineering procedure in Sweden has proven to be limited and consists mainly of one governing document, namely report 101 published by the Commission on Pile Research. The aim of our study is to test and evaluate the method in report 101 based on a number of different load cases related to lateral load effects during pile-soil interaction. An analytical method reproduced from the Commission on Pile Research's report has been implemented with help of Mathcad, a computer software for reuse of mathematical calculations. Decisive parameters that distinguish the different load cases have included external load impact in pile head, mechanical strength properties of friction or cohesive soil, along with cross-sectional dimensions and reinforcement content of piles etc. The results differed significantly depending on the loadcase, a majority of the given answers were also perceived as unreliable and in a number of load cases the method also failed to obtain an analytical solution. Our conclusion is that it is doubtful whether the elastoplastic method presented in report 101 in the end in practice benefits the engineer tasked with designing, this stands in stark contrast to an increasing demand for easily accessible knowledge within its field. / Pålar i samband med grundläggning har sedan en tid tillbaka enligt svensk praxis installerats snedslagna, detta för att med hjälp av pålens axiella bärförmåga motstå yttre horisontell lastpåverkan till följd av exempelvis vindlaster. Att snedställa pålar har visat sig vara problematiskt ur ett flertal olika perspektiv, en lösning som både konstruktörer och entreprenörer efterlängtat är att pålarna istället tillåts installeras rakställda. Detta skulle vara möjligt genom att nyttja pålens transversella bärförmåga som uppstår i samband med sidomotstånd vid interaktion påle-jord. Kunskap kring ett sådant dimensioneringsförfarande i Sverige idag har visat sig vara begränsad och till stor del bestå av ett styrande dokument, nämligen rapport 101 utgiven av Pålkommissionen. I denna studie har en analytisk handberäkningsmetod som återges ur Pålkommissionens rapport implementerats i beräkningsprogrammet Mathcad, detta i syfte att testa och utvärdera metoden utifrån ett flertal olika belastningsfall relaterade till transversell lastpåverkan vid interaktion påle-jord. Avgörande parametrar som skiljt de olika belastningsfallen åt har bl.a. utgjorts av hållfasthetsegenskaper hos friktion- eller kohesionsjord, tvärsnittsdimensioner och armeringsinnehåll hos påle, yttre lastpåverkan i påltopp. Resultaten skiljde sig åt markant beroende på typ av belastningsfall där en majoritet av svaren upplevdes som icke tillförlitliga och till ett flertal olika fall, utifrån vårt försök till implementering, klarade metoden heller inte av att erhålla någon analytisk lösning. Vi finner det därför svårt att tro att den elastoplastiska metoden som återges i rapport 101 i slutändan kommer till någon direkt praktisk nytta, vilket står i tvär kontrast mot ett uppenbart behov där lättillgänglig kunskap inom området efterfrågas.

Le travail de thèse présenté dans ce mémoire vise à analyser et à comprendre les mécanismes mis en jeu au niveau de l’impact du creusement d’un tunnel par bouclier à front pressurisé sur des fondations profondes avoisinantes. Cette thèse a été réalisée dans le cadre du projet européen NeTTUN, au sein du Laboratoire de Tribologie et de Dynamique des Systèmes (LTDS) de l’ENTPE. L’approche phénoménologique conduite lors de ces travaux repose sur deux importantes campagnes expérimentales réalisées à l’aide d’un dispositif unique au plan international de modèle réduit 1g de tunnelier à pression de terre (échelle de l’ordre de 1/10eme). La forte originalité de ce dispositif est de pouvoir simuler de façon réaliste les principales étapes du processus tridimensionnel d’excavation mécanisé d’un tunnel. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, le dispositif existant de modèle réduit de tunnelier a dans un premier temps été reconfiguré afin de pouvoir répondre aux besoins du programme expérimental envisagé. Des modèles physiques de fondations profondes (pieux et groupes de pieux) et de barrières de protection ont été conçus dans le cadre des lois de similitude, fabriqués et instrumentés. Deux campagnes expérimentales d’envergure ont été réalisées en massif de sable sec : l’une concerne les effets du passage d’un tunnelier à front pressurisé sur des fondations profondes avoisinantes (pieux, groupe de pieux), l’autre traite de l’efficacité de barrières de protection (parois moulées) utilisées pour limiter ces effets. Différents paramètres qui influencent l’interaction tunnelier - sol - fondations ont été considérés comme la distance relative tunnel / fondation, la pression frontale de soutènement appliquée par le TBM sur le terrain ou encore la hauteur des barrières de protection. L’analyse phénoménologique menée à l’échelle du modèle concerne en particulier l’évolution des champs de contraintes et de déplacements dans le terrain autour du tunnelier, les déplacements relatifs sol - pieu et sol- barrière, la redistribution des efforts au sein des fondations. L’importante base de données et d’analyse ainsi constituée a été mise à profit pour la validation d’outils de modélisation numérique développés par l’Université de Rome au sein du projet NeTTUN. / The major goal presented in this thesis was to analyze and investigate the mechanisms, which are involved in the impact of the tunnels excavated thanks to an Earth Pressure Balanced Shield on nearby deep foundations. This thesis was realized in European project NeTTUN and the work had been done in the Laboratory of Tribology and Systems Dynamics (LTDS) of ENTPE. During these works, phenomenological approach was based on two important experimental campaigns carried out using a unique device at the international level of a 1g scale model of earth-pressure tunnel boring machine (scale of the order of 1 / 10). The state of the art of this device was to be able to simulate in possibly realistic way the main stages of the three-dimensional process of mechanized excavation of a tunnel. In the framework of this thesis, the existing model tunneling machine device was initially reconfigured in order to reach the expectations of the experimental program envisaged. Physical models of deep foundations (piles and groups of piles) and protective barriers were designed under the similitude laws, manufactured and instrumented. The two large-scale experimental campaigns have been carried out in a dry sand massif. The first one concerned the effects of the passage of a pressurized tunnel boring machine on nearby deep foundations (piles, group of piles), whereas another one dealed with the effectiveness of mitigation procedure (diaphragm walls) used to limit these effects. Different parameters that influenced on the tunneling: soil - foundation interaction considered as the relative tunnel / foundation distance, the frontal face pressure applied by the TBM in the field or the height of the protective barriers. The phenomenological analysis carried out at the scale of the model concerned in particular the evolution of the fields of stresses and displacements in the ground around the tunnel boring machine, relatives pile / soil and wall / soil displacements and the redistribution of stresses along the pile foundations. The large database and analysis constituted was used for the validation of numerical modeling tools developed by the University of Rome within the NeTTUN project.

The aim of this Diploma Thesis is constructionally - technological solution of the rough construction of polyfunctional house on the corner of Bánskobystrická and Medlánecká streets in Brno Řečkovice. In the Diploma Thesis I will deal with the plan of the work procedure of the execution of roof construction layers, machine sets, itemized budget, construction schedule, construction site equipment, inspection and testing plan, ecology and transport relations related to the construction. I would like to point out the complication of the construction with a lack of space because the construction is in the area of Brno Řečkovice. The plan of construction execution was more difficult due to lack of space for storage of materials and machinery handling.

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of deep foundation highway bridge on D3 motorway in km 112.574, over Bošilecký stream and evaluation of geomorphological, geological and hydrogeological conditions and perform static calculation bridge foundation

The content of this master's thesis is architectural and technological project of new built administration building Přelouč city. This project contains technological instruction how to build supporting structures from reinforced concrete, suggestion of used machinery,time schedule, quality plan, detailed costing, building management, design of work site and plan of work safety.