Le rapport à la souffrance est un symptôme majeur du rapport à l’existence. Nietzsche met en perspective ces rapports entre la civilisation chrétienne européenne et celui de la culture grecque antique. L’invention de l’art tragique apparaît comme un moyen de sublimer les souffrances dans une extase dionysiaque, elle est à la fois la manifestation de leur volonté de puissance face aux épreuves et une thérapie.Tandis que la logique de souffrance issue du socratisme et du christianisme entraîne un profond nihilisme. Le passage d’un type de logique de souffrance à l’autre s’est opéré par le pivot socratique. La tâche du philosophe médecin est alors d’inverser ce pivot afin de préparer la transvaluation des valeurs issues de la morale chrétienne. Cela pose alors le problème de l’esthétisation de l’existence. / The relationship with suffering is a major symptom of the relationship with existence. Nietzsche puts these relationships between modern European civilization and early Greek culture into perspective. The invention of Greek tragedy can be seen as a way of sublimating suffering in Dionysiac ecstasy. It is both a demonstration of their will to power faced with tragic events and therapy. On the other hand the logic of suffering stemming from Socratism and Christianity leads to profound nihilism. The transition from one type of logic of suffering to another is brought about by a Socratic reversal. The task of the philosophical doctor is to therefore bring about this inversion in order to prepare the transvaluation of values stemming from Christian morality. This raises de novo the problem of the aestheticisation of existence.

Dans le domaine de la santé, il existe un nombre très important de sources de connaissances, qui vont de simples terminologies, classifications et vocabulaires contrôlés à des représentations très formelles, que sont les ontologies. Cette hétérogénéité des sources de connaissances pose le problème de l’utilisation secondaire des données, et en particulier de l’exploitation de données hétérogènes dans le cadre de la médecine personnalisée ou translationnelle. En effet, les données à utiliser peuvent être codées par des sources de connaissances décrivant la même notion clinique de manière différente ou décrivant des notions distinctes mais complémentaires.Pour répondre au besoin d’utilisation conjointe des sources de connaissances encodant les données de santé, nous avons étudié trois processus permettant de répondre aux conflits sémantiques (difficultés résultant de leur mise en relation) : (1) l’alignement qui consiste à créer des relations de mappings (équivalence et/ou subsumption) entre les entités des sources de connaissances, (2) l’intégration qui consiste à créer des mappings et à organiser les autres entités dans une même structure commune cohérente et, enfin, (3) l’enrichissement sémantique de l’intégration qui consiste à créer des mappings grâce à des relations transversales en plus de celles d’équivalence et de subsumption.Dans un premier travail, nous avons aligné la terminologie d’interface du laboratoire d’analyses du CHU de Bordeaux à la LOINC. Deux étapes principales ont été mises en place : (i) le prétraitement des libellés de la terminologie locale qui comportaient des troncatures et des abréviations, ce qui a permis de réduire les risques de survenue de conflits de nomenclature, (ii) le filtrage basé sur la structure de la LOINC afin de résoudre les différents conflits de confusion.Deuxièmement, nous avons intégré RxNorm à la sous-partie de la SNOMED CT décrivant les connaissances sur les médicaments afin d’alimenter la SNOMED CT avec les entités de RxNorm. Ainsi, les médicaments dans RxNorm ont été décrits en OWL grâce à leurs éléments définitionnels (substance, unité de mesure, dose, etc.). Nous avons ensuite fusionné cette représentation de RxNorm à la structure de la SNOMED CT, résultant en une nouvelle source de connaissances. Nous avons ensuite comparé les équivalences inférées (entre les entités de RxNorm et celles de la SNOMED CT) grâce à cette nouvelle structure avec les équivalences créées de manière morphosyntaxique. Notre méthode a résolu des conflits de nomenclature mais s’est confrontée à certains conflits de confusion et d’échelle, ce qui a mis en évidence le besoin d’améliorer RxNorm et SNOMED CT.Finalement, nous avons réalisé une intégration sémantiquement enrichie de la CIM10 et de la CIMO3 en utilisant la SNOMED CT comme support. La CIM10 décrivant des diagnostics et la CIMO3 décrivant cette notion suivant deux axes différents (celui des lésions histologiques et celui des localisations anatomiques), nous avons utilisé la structure de la SNOMED CT pour retrouver des relations transversales entre les concepts de la CIM10 et de la CIMO3 (résolution de conflits ouverts). Au cours du processus, la structure de la SNOMED CT a également été utilisée pour supprimer les mappings erronés (conflits de nomenclature et de confusion) et désambiguïser les cas de mappings multiples (conflits d’échelle). / In the biomedical domain, there are almost as many knowledge resources in health as there are application fields. These knowledge resources, described according to different representation models and for different contexts of use, raise the problem of complexity of their interoperability, especially for actual public health problematics such as personalized medicine, translational medicine and the secondary use of medical data. Indeed, these knowledge resources may represent the same notion in different ways or represent different but complementary notions.For being able to use knowledge resources jointly, we studied three processes that can overcome semantic conflicts (difficulties encountered when relating distinct knowledge resources): the alignment, the integration and the semantic enrichment of the integration. The alignment consists in creating a set of equivalence or subsumption mappings between entities from knowledge resources. The integration aims not only to find mappings but also to organize all knowledge resources’ entities into a unique and coherent structure. Finally, the semantic enrichment of integration consists in finding all the required mapping relations between entities of distinct knowledge resources (equivalence, subsumption, transversal and, failing that, disjunction relations).In this frame, we firstly realized the alignment of laboratory tests terminologies: LOINC and the local terminology of Bordeaux hospital. We pre-processed the noisy labels of the local terminology to reduce the risk of naming conflicts. Then, we suppressed erroneous mappings (confounding conflicts) using the structure of LOINC.Secondly, we integrated RxNorm to SNOMED CT. We constructed formal definitions for each entity in RxNorm by using their definitional features (active ingredient, strength, dose form, etc.) according to the design patterns proposed by SNOMED CT. We then integrated the constructed definitions into SNOMED CT. The obtained structure was classified and the inferred equivalences generated between RxNorm and SNOMED CT were compared to morphosyntactic mappings. Our process resolved some cases of naming conflicts but was confronted to confounding and scaling conflicts, which highlights the need for improving RxNorm and SNOMED CT.Finally, we performed a semantically enriched integration of ICD-10 and ICD-O3 using SNOMED CT as support. As ICD-10 describes diagnoses and ICD-O3 describes this notion according to two different axes (i.e., histological lesions and anatomical structures), we used the SNOMED CT structure to identify transversal relations between their entities (resolution of open conflicts). During the process, the structure of the SNOMED CT was also used to suppress erroneous mappings (naming and confusion conflicts) and disambiguate multiple mappings (scale conflicts).

Measured and predicted static and dynamic characteristics are provided for a four-pad, rocker-pivot, tilting-pad journal bearing in the load-on-pad and load-between-pad orientations. The bearing has the following characteristics: 4 pads, .57 pad pivot offset, 0.6 L/D ratio, 60.33 mm (2.375in) pad axial length, 0.08255 mm (0.00325 in) radial clearance in the load-on-pad orientation, and 0.1189 mm (0.00468 in) radial clearance in the load-between-pad orientation. Tests were conducted on a floating test bearing design with unit loads ranging from 0 to 2903 kPa (421.1 psi) and speeds from 6.8 to 13.2 krpm. For all rotor speeds, hot-clearance measurements were taken to show the reduction in bearing clearance due to thermal expansion of the shaft and pads during testing. As the testing conditions get hotter, the rotor, pads, and bearing expand, decreasing radial bearing clearance. Hot-clearance measurements showed a 16-25% decrease in clearance compared to a clearance measurement at room temperature. For all test conditions, dynamic tests were performed over a range of excitation frequencies to obtain complex dynamic stiffness coefficients as a function of frequency. The direct real dynamic stiffness coefficients were then fitted with a quadratic function with respect to frequency. From the curve fit, the frequency dependence was captured by including a virtual-mass matrix [M] to produce a frequency independent [K][C][M] model. The direct dynamic stiffness coefficients for the load-on-pad orientation showed significant orthotropy, while the load-between-pad did not. The load-between-pad showed slight orthotropy as load increased. Experimental cross-coupled stiffness coefficients were measured in both load orientations, but were of the same sign and significantly less than direct stiffness coefficients. In both orientations the imaginary part of the measured dynamic stiffness increased linearly with increasing frequency, allowing for frequency independent direct damping coefficients. Rotordynamic coefficients presented were compared to predictions from two different Reynolds-based models. Both models showed the importance of taking into account pivot flexibility and different pad geometries (due to the reduction in bearing clearance during testing) in predicting rotordynamic coefficients. If either of these two inputs were incorrect, then predictions for the bearings impedance coefficients were very inaccurate. The main difference between prediction codes is that one of the codes incorporates pad flexibility in predicting the impedance coefficients for a tilting-pad journal bearing. To look at the effects that pad flexibility has on predicting the impedance coefficients, a series of predictions were created by changing the magnitude of the pad's bending stiffness. Increasing the bending stiffness used in predictions by a factor of 10 typically caused a 3-11% increase in predicted Kxx and Kyy, and a 10-24% increase in predicted Cxx and Cyy. In all cases, increasing the calculated bending stiffness from ten to a hundred times the calculated value caused slight if any change in Kxx, Kyy, Cxx, and Cyy. For a flexible pad an increase in bending stiffness can have a large effect on predictions; however, for a more rigid pad an increase in pad bending stiffness will have a much lesser effect. Results showed that the pad's structural bending stiffness can be an important factor in predicting impedance coefficients. Even though the pads tested in this thesis are extremely stiff, changes are still seen in predictions when the magnitude of the pad?s bending stiffness is increased, especially in Cxx, and Cyy. The code without pad flexibility predicted Kxx and Kyy much more accurately than the code with pad flexibility. The code with pad flexibility predicts Cxx more accurately, while the code without pad flexibility predicted Cyy more accurately. Regardless of prediction Code used, the Kxx and Kyy were over-predicted at low loads, but predicted more accurately as load increased. Cxx, and Cyy were modeled very well in the load-on-pad orientation, while slightly overpredicted in the load-between-pad orientation. For solid pads, like the ones tested here, both codes do a decent job at predicting impedance coefficients

Tests are performed on a flexure-pivot-pad tilting-pad bearing with a series integral squeeze film damper in load-between-pads configuration, with both active and locked damper. The damper effects are negated when locked, resulting in a flexure-pivot-pad bearing only. Experimental tests provide static performance data and dynamic stiffnesses from which rotordynamic coefficients are extracted. The following two excitation schemes are implemented: (1) multi-frequency, single direction excitation and (2) single-frequency, rotating load excitation (or "circular excitation"). The XLTRC2 Rotordynamics Software Suite provides stiffness and damping coefficient, eccentricity, and power loss predictions for the locked damper bearing. Test conditions include the rotor-speed range of 4000-12000 rpm and the unit-load range of 0-862 kPa (0-125 psi). Dynamic tests utilizing the multi-frequency excitation for the locked and active damper bearing configurations both show that the real portion of the dynamic stiffness is well modeled by a quadratic curve fit, and the imaginary portion representing the damping is a linear function of excitation frequency. This means that frequency independent coefficients can be obtained when an added mass term is included. While stiffness coefficients are lower for the active damper bearing, damping coefficients remain almost constant between the locked and active damper configurations. A simulation shows that, although the damping coefficients do not change significantly, the reduced stiffness provided by the damper results in greater effective damping. Static performance tests for the locked and active damper bearing indicate low cross-coupling, as shown by the eccentricity and low attitude angle measurements. Pad metal temperature measurements show a smaller temperature differential along the pad arcs for the active damper bearing, than observed for the locked damper case. Frictional power loss is estimated based on lubricant temperature rise and does not differ significantly for the two bearing configurations.

This thesis presents the dynamic and static forced performance of a flexure-pivot tilting-pad bearing load between pad (LBP) configuration for different rotor speeds and bearing unit loadings. The bearing has the following design parameters: 4 pads with pad arc angle 72o and 50% pivot offset, pad axial length 0.0762 m (3 in), pad radial clearance 0.254 mm (0.010 in), bearing radial clearance 0.1905 mm (0.0075 in), preload 0.25 and shaft nominal diameter of 0.11684 m (4.600 in). The dynamic coefficients and the static performance parameters of the FPB have been compared with the theoretical predictions using the isothermal analysis from the rotordynamic software suite XLTRC2-XLTFPBrg. The bearing shows a small attitude angle, about 10o, which indicates small crosscoupling stiffnesses. The pad temperatures increase in the circumferential direction of rotation with speed and load. The pads maximum temperature was measured near the trailing edge. The dependency of the stiffness and damping coefficients on the excitation frequency has been studied. The frequency dependency in the dynamic coefficients was removed by introducing an added mass coefficient to the bearing model. The direct added mass coefficients were around 32 kg. The direct stiffness and damping coefficients increase with load, while increasing and decreasing with rotor speed, respectively. A small whirl frequency ratio (WFR) was found of about 0.15, and it decreases with load and increases with speed. A comparison between the dynamic stiffnesses using a Reynolds equation and the bulk-flow Navier-Stokes models with the experimental dynamic stiffnesses shows that the Reynolds model (even for laminar flows) is not adequate, and that the bulk-flow model should be used for rotordynamic coefficients prediction. The bulk-flow model in general predicts well the static performance parameters and the direct dynamic coefficients, and underpredicts the cross-coupled coefficients (overpredicts the stability).

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Orientador: João Luis Zocoler / Banca: Antônio de Pádua Sousa / Banca: João Carlos Cury Saad / Banca: Marcio Furlan Maggi / Banca: Maritane Prior / Resumo: Um sistema de irrigação deve possibilitar o manejo eficiente da lâmina de água aplicada. Para tal, é necessário avaliar o desempenho do sistema em operação. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a uniformidade de distribuição e lâmina de água aplicada por um equipamento de irrigação do tipo pivô central em função da variação da velocidade de rotação no conjunto motobomba com o uso de um inversor de freqüência e o efeito da posição da linha lateral nesses parâmetros. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, no município de Coronel Macedo - SP. Foram testadas duas condições de operação: Ensaio 1 com pressão constante na saída do conjunto motobomba e Ensaio 2 com rotação variável de acordo com a necessidade de altura manométrica. Para cada condição de operação foram testadas três posições de linhas coletoras de água: aclive de 3,45%, nível e declive de 11,78%. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo feitas três repetições em cada posição testada. Aplicou-se a análise de variância seguida do teste de Tukey. O valores médios do coeficiente de uniformidade de Heermann & Hein foi 90,02% e 88,85% para os Ensaios 1 e 2, respectivamente, qualificando a uniformidade de acordo com a Norma da ABNT como muito boa e boa. Também, a posição da linha lateral influenciou 2 significativamente na rotação do conjunto motobomba e conseqüentemente no consumo de energia. A lâmina média ponderada de irrigação aplicada foi 5,84 mm e 5,71 mm para os Ensaios 1 e 2, respectivamente, variando dentro de cada ensaio significativamente (5%) entre as posições de declive versus aclive e nível. Concluiu-se que para os Ensaios 1 e 2 a rotação e a posição da linha lateral influenciaram significativamente na uniformidade de distribuição, lâmina de água aplicada e consumo de energia, exceto para o Ensaio... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: An irrigation system should enable the efficient management of the water depth applied. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the system in operation. This study aimed to evaluate the uniformity distribution and water depth applied in center pivot irrigation systems according to the change in speed of rotation of set motor pump with a frequency inverter and the effect of the position of the lateral line in these parameters. The study was conducted at the Nossa Senhora Aparecida Farm, in the city of Coronel Macedo - SP. Two operation conditions were tested: Test 1 with constant pressure in the output of set motor pump and Test 2 with variable rotation in accordance with the need of the pressure of system. For each condition of operation were tested three positions of lines of collecting: incline of 3.45%, level and the slope of 11.78%. The experimental design was completely randomized, and three repetitions at each position of lines collecting tested. It was applied to analysis of variance followed by Tukey test. The average value of the coefficient of uniformity of Heermann & Hein was 90.02% and 88.85% for Tests 1 and 2, respectively, discribing the uniformity according to the Standard ABNT as very good and good. Also, the position of the lateral line significantly influenced the rotation of set motor pump and consequently in energy consumption. The mean weighed depth of irrigation applied was 5.84 mm and 5.71 mm for Tests 1 and 2, respectively, varying in each test significantly (5%) between positions of the slope versus incline and level. It was concluded that for the Tests 1 and 2, the rotation and the position of and lateral line influenced significantly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Most Software Startups fail to establish a working business model. One of the main reasons is that they fail to validate their hypothesis and neglect to learn from their customers. Therefore, Software Startups are supposed to continuously adjust their direction to achieve product-market fit. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of customer feedback in the context of Software Startups during the decision to pivot. Thus, the central research question of this thesis is: What role does customer feedback play when a Software Startup decides to pivot? By living up to the values of a pragmatic research philosophy this qualitative study used nine semi-structured interviews with experts from the relevant field. Afterwards, these insights have been placed into the four stages of the Early Stage Software Startup Development Model (ESSSDM) funnel. This study showed that customer feedback plays a crucial role when a Software Startup decides to pivot. However, the interviewees revealed that it is essential how customer feedback is perceived and used for the product development. Furthermore, customer feedback was not perceived as the only crucial triggering factor, but an element of a broader set.

This thesis describes modern approaches to Business intelligence. It also explains in detail platform Power BI and Business intelligence add-ins for Microsoft Excel 2013. This thesis also shows how to create an application that communicates with free billing service iDoklad. The resulting aaplication is evaluated from an economic and implementation standpoint.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-23Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:03:16Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 lima_as_dr_botfca.pdf: 2285385 bytes, checksum: 2981c4b472020de7602b8217b232d18a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Um sistema de irrigação deve possibilitar o manejo eficiente da lâmina de água aplicada. Para tal, é necessário avaliar o desempenho do sistema em operação. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a uniformidade de distribuição e lâmina de água aplicada por um equipamento de irrigação do tipo pivô central em função da variação da velocidade de rotação no conjunto motobomba com o uso de um inversor de freqüência e o efeito da posição da linha lateral nesses parâmetros. O trabalho foi realizado na Fazenda Nossa Senhora Aparecida, no município de Coronel Macedo – SP. Foram testadas duas condições de operação: Ensaio 1 com pressão constante na saída do conjunto motobomba e Ensaio 2 com rotação variável de acordo com a necessidade de altura manométrica. Para cada condição de operação foram testadas três posições de linhas coletoras de água: aclive de 3,45%, nível e declive de 11,78%. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, sendo feitas três repetições em cada posição testada. Aplicou-se a análise de variância seguida do teste de Tukey. O valores médios do coeficiente de uniformidade de Heermann & Hein foi 90,02% e 88,85% para os Ensaios 1 e 2, respectivamente, qualificando a uniformidade de acordo com a Norma da ABNT como muito boa e boa. Também, a posição da linha lateral influenciou 2 significativamente na rotação do conjunto motobomba e conseqüentemente no consumo de energia. A lâmina média ponderada de irrigação aplicada foi 5,84 mm e 5,71 mm para os Ensaios 1 e 2, respectivamente, variando dentro de cada ensaio significativamente (5%) entre as posições de declive versus aclive e nível. Concluiu-se que para os Ensaios 1 e 2 a rotação e a posição da linha lateral influenciaram significativamente na uniformidade de distribuição, lâmina de água aplicada e consumo de energia, exceto para o Ensaio... / An irrigation system should enable the efficient management of the water depth applied. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of the system in operation. This study aimed to evaluate the uniformity distribution and water depth applied in center pivot irrigation systems according to the change in speed of rotation of set motor pump with a frequency inverter and the effect of the position of the lateral line in these parameters. The study was conducted at the Nossa Senhora Aparecida Farm, in the city of Coronel Macedo – SP. Two operation conditions were tested: Test 1 with constant pressure in the output of set motor pump and Test 2 with variable rotation in accordance with the need of the pressure of system. For each condition of operation were tested three positions of lines of collecting: incline of 3.45%, level and the slope of 11.78%. The experimental design was completely randomized, and three repetitions at each position of lines collecting tested. It was applied to analysis of variance followed by Tukey test. The average value of the coefficient of uniformity of Heermann & Hein was 90.02% and 88.85% for Tests 1 and 2, respectively, discribing the uniformity according to the Standard ABNT as very good and good. Also, the position of the lateral line significantly influenced the rotation of set motor pump and consequently in energy consumption. The mean weighed depth of irrigation applied was 5.84 mm and 5.71 mm for Tests 1 and 2, respectively, varying in each test significantly (5%) between positions of the slope versus incline and level. It was concluded that for the Tests 1 and 2, the rotation and the position of and lateral line influenced significantly... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)