The importance of control in information system development (ISD) project has been widely emphasized. However, most studies focused on formal control and relative few efforts haven been entered to understand the effect of information control. In addition for those studies focus on informal control only viewed this issue from team level perspective. Drawing on the limitations of past studies, this study attempted to query possible antecedents of clan control effectiveness from aspect of the social control theory. In particular, we focus on the effects of personal beliefs, project commitment, team attachment and involvement on the compliance of individuals on group norm. We hypothesized that social bonds lead to compliance as well as extra-role behaviors for individuals within project team. Based on survey data collected from 205 members of ISD project teams. The results confirmed the hypothesized relationship between social bonds and compliance. The analysis also reveals that three factors, including personal beliefs, project commitment, and involvement are associated with external-role behavior. The results of this study can not only serve as a reference for future researches but also generate implications for practitioners.

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the structure and antecedents of travelers' behavioral intentions. Understanding travelers' behavioral intentions is an important goal of both destination marketing organizations and host destinations. However, little research has contributed to the theoretical development in this area, and the lack of a solid theoretical framework has negatively influenced the validity of existing research. Thus, this study attempted to explain travelers' behavioral intentions, using a model which was developed based on existing human behavior theories: the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior. Another major objective of the current study was to test the validity of the proposed model. Based on the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior, a conceptual framework was established to explain travelers' behavior intention in a tourism context. Attitude was conceptualized as destination image which is a two-dimensional construct including cognitive and affective components. Subjective norms were conceptualized as the combination of normative beliefs and motivation to comply. Perceived behavioral control was conceptualized as constraints which is a three-dimensional construct including intrapersonal, interpersonal, and structural components. An online panel survey was launched in September 2008 to collect data. Respondents were specially asked their perceived image about Texas, what were the barriers preventing them from traveling to Texas, and how their reference groups affected their travel decision to Texas. Totally, 1,448 completed surveys were received and utilized for analysis which included both visitors and non-visitors. The data analysis procedures included six major steps, from descriptive analysis and preliminary data analysis, to model and hypothesis testing. To do so, the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 16.0 (SPSS) and Amos 16.0 were utilized. The structural relationships between all variables were tested with using structural equation modeling (SEM). Results of the study showed that destination image and subjective norm positively impacted behavioral intentions while constraints negatively affected behavioral intentions. Hence, this research provides important direction for the development of a more comprehensive theoretical framework to explain travelers' behavioral intentions, and presented a step toward offering practical as well as theoretical implications for future research.

In Taiwan, the environmental protection actions that people usually take are "physical actions", such as picking up litter, sorting trash, installing household resource-conserving devices. Other kinds of actions¡Xe.g., persuasive actions, civic action (such as signing for environmental causes, petitioning and lobbying) ¡Xare far less common. However, the latter actions, especially civic actions, are more effective than physical actions in pushing the government to adopt proenvironment policies and thus have more far-reaching impacts. This study thus focused on three civic and persuasive actions¡Xsigning for environmental causes, lobbying, and being an ecotourism interpreter. And since these actions are usually taken as a group action (people do so either because they are members of environmental groups or other NGOs, or because they join the actions of these organizations) , this study took environmental group members as its target population. A survey of intentions regarding the above three kinds of actions was made, with 210 environmental group members as respondents. Two models were used to predict these behaviors. One was the theory of planned behavior (TPB) proposed by Ajzen (1988, 1991) , the other one was an integrated model based on theories from three disciplines¡Xsocial psychology, environmental education, public health¡Xand literatures of society mobilization. The integrated model contained 8 predictors, 4 of which were from the TPB (the subjective norm variable in the TPB was further split into 2 variables: subjective norm with respect to family members, subjective norm with respect to community members) . The other 4 variables were environmental moral obligation, environmental attitude, response efficacy and collective efficacy. Results showed that both the TPB and integrated models could predict all three kinds of environmental intention (R2 > .49 for each model and intention) . The integrated model, however, was not better than the TPB model in predicting the intention to lobby. And it was only a little better in predicting the intentions to sign and to be an interpreter. Implications of these results and suggestions for environmental groups and environmental education organizations were discussed.

This essay investigating outbound factors by theoretical planning behaviors approach which generate knowledge information sharing component to knowledge workers of IC Testing/Assembly plant. The external essence and factor is divided into Individual-Level Factors, Team-Level Factors and Organizational-Level Factors: Individual-Level factors including motives (Self-Interest factor and altruistic Factor), job satisfaction; Team-Level Factors should be complied with trust, leaderships; Organizational-Level Factors would be concluded with enterprise culture, management constitutions. Investigated objects would be focused on Walton Advanced Engineering Co.,Ltd., after sampling with the IT engineering, I have concluded with the following issues: 1. Self-Interest factor and job satisfactory factor would be greater influence than the altruistic Factor. 2. Leadership is a critical influencing factor in the knowledge sharing process. 3. Trust is an essential factor for knowledge sharing within a group. 4. Culture and reward system are the most influencing factor for knowledge sharing. 5. It is necessary to tie in administrative strategy to raise the wills to share knowledge. 6. Encouraging group members explode the nuclear tacit knowledge benefits a lot to individuals and overall group improvement and growth. 7. It is quite a challenge to enterprise to build the knowledge sharing mechanism. Hoping the conclusions above would benefit to those knowledge works related managers and knowledge owners to inherit and preserver the main essence of knowledge base for their working groups.

The research was conducted by stratified random sampling. A structural questionnaire on the basis of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) is designed as study instrument for data collection in this research aimed to study the influential factors on the lifelong learning (LLL) behavioral intention of nursing staff and the satisfaction with LLL passport. Seven hundreds and fifty questionnaires were distributed and 451 copies returned, which made up 60.13% of returning rate. Among the returned questionnaires, 433 were effective samples and returning rate of returning samples was 57.73%. Collected data were computed by SPSS/PC10.0. Computing results shown that average age of subjects was 30.7 and average working seniority of them was 9 years. Research results indicated that there was a positive attitude (with 70.44% of support) towards LLL behavioral intention and 65.75% of overall satisfaction of the implementation of LLL passport. Results also found that, among all of the factors, the participants¡¦ age, working seniority, number of children, job position, educational background, attitude towards LLL, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm of environmental support including support from administrators, overcoming obstacles from family, support from colleagues and families, and backup from working shift table and manpower positively correlated with their LLL behavioral intention(p<.01). Nevertheless, attribute of working unit was found to have negative correlation with LLL behavioral intention(p<.01). While participants¡¦ job position, educational background, attitude towards LLL, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm of environmental support consisting of support from nursing unit and administrators, overcoming obstacles from family, and support from colleagues and families indicated positive correlations with satisfaction with LLL passport(p<.01), attribute of working unit revealed negative correlation(p<.01). The above results have verified and echoed Ajzen¡¦s (1985) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). The theory was to evaluate one¡¦s behavioral intention based on one¡¦s attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm. In this study, the perceived behavioral control has the highest influence (84.19%). In addition, there was a positive correlation between nursing staff¡¦s LLL behavioral intention and their satisfaction with LLL passport. Furthermore, by using regression analysis, the results shown that factors such as ¡§support from colleagues and families¡¨, ¡§support from nursing unit and administrators¡¨, and ¡§backup from working shift table and manpower¡¨ could be used as predictors to LLL internal behavioral intention and satisfaction with LLL passport. The overall prediction variance of these three factors reached 34% and ¡§support from colleagues and families¡¨ was the highest (29.5%) among all. In conclusion, except factor of personal characteristics, if working shift and manpower factors could be overcome when nursing staffs are participating in LLL activities, and meanwhile with support of colleagues, families, and administrators, the LLL behavioral intention and satisfaction with LLL passport could be enhanced. The researcher suggested that the results of this study could be used by pertinent units and nursing administrators to build a sound human resources system, establish a learning organization, propel incessant professional development, and help promote nursing staff¡¦s professional accomplishments and competition.

Online shopping involves more uncertainty and risk than traditional shopping. These phenomena are even obvious in online group-buying. One of the main factors causing the uncertainty and risk is the role of the initiator. Since it is quite often that the initiators themselves are consumers, the initiators are not as huge and professional as the sellers. Clearly the trust in initiator becomes a major concern when joining the online group-buying. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this research is to understand how initiator¡¦s reputation, interactions with initiator, consumers¡¦ perceived risk and personal characteristics impact consumers¡¦ trust in the initiators and then how the consumers¡¦ perceived trust in the initiators, subjective norm and familiarity with online group-buying together impact the consumers¡¦ behavior in group-buying. The study result indicates that the perceived initiator¡¦s reputation, interaction with initiator, perceived risks in online group-buying, and subjective norm impact the trust in initiator. Moreover, based on TPB, the trust has significant effects on consumer¡¦s intention to join online group-buying. Subjective norm has impacted the consumer¡¦s intention to join online group-buying not only directly but also through the trust in initiator indirectly. However, the familiarity with online group-buying has no significant effects on consumer¡¦s intention to join online group-buying.

The transition of working patterns has led the work force today focus more on brain than labor, hence strengthen the desire for leisure. The relationship between leisure and work nowadays has different meaning. Besides of traditional concepts such as good for health or the release of work pressure, leisure is further considered to be a new goal to enhance job involvement. Factors of social capital such as trust and network are the significant elements of human interaction, which can not only create self-welfare but also bring better achievement on work. To work force with different degree of social capital, it is believed that different level of involvement to work would generate. From the start point of leisure instead of traditional point that focuses on work, the research combines and integrates perspectives of outdoor recreation, job involvement and social capital from different regions, exploring the relationship between leisure and work. Analyzed with SEM, questionnaire survey is adopted aiming at Kaohsiung Government¡¦s Officials. The research objects are divided into two groups with different degree of social capital, conducting the model construction and differentiation test separately. The research structure includes 9 variables: ¡§job involvement¡¨; ¡§net¡¨ and ¡§trust¡¨ in social capital; ¡§attitude¡¨, ¡§subjective norm¡¨, ¡§perceived behavioral control¡¨, ¡§self-efficacy¡¨, ¡§behavioral intention¡¨ and ¡§behavioral frequency¡¨ in Theory of Planned Behavior of outdoor recreation. The results of the research have verified 11 hypotheses, among which 7 have been significant in both two high and low groups. The significance of the above-mentioned results is the following: (1) interpersonal ¡§network¡¨ increases interpersonal ¡§trust¡¨; (2) interpersonal ¡§network¡¨ increases the degree of ¡§job involvement¡¨; (3) after officials reflect on the ¡§subjective norm¡¨, the ¡§behavioral intention¡¨ of outdoor recreation is remarkably promoted; (4) officials¡¦ ¡§attitude¡¨ increases the ¡§behavioral intention¡¨ of outdoor recreation; (5) the ¡§perceived behavioral control¡¨ of the resources and opportunities needed for officials to consider undertaking behavior outstandingly influence the ¡§behavioral intention¡¨ of outdoor recreation; (6) ¡§subjective norm¡¨ increases the brief of ¡§attitude¡¨ of outdoor recreation; (7) officials¡¦ ¡§self-efficacy¡¨ reflect on the ¡§perceived behavioral control¡¨ of the resources and opportunities in outdoor recreation. In high social capital group, officials¡¦ cognition of ¡§behavioral intention¡¨ of outdoor recreation reflects on the degree of ¡§job involvement¡¨. In low social capital group, after officials reflect on the ¡§perceived behavioral control¡¨ of the resources and opportunities in outdoor recreation, the brief of ¡§attitude¡¨ is increased.

The mobile operators face the problem that the users how to transfer from 2G to 3G as well as telecommunication policy has been opened by government¡F mobile number protablility¡Bthe new 3G competitor¡¦s entry as to result in unexpected revenue in Taiwan. However, the new 3G competitor¡As entry with the great impact on TWM, then the actual utility is lower of TWM. The study is exploring for ¡yThe effect on subscribers diffusion 3G mobile optrator dynamic decision effect on¡z, because the property of problem is high order¡Bnonlinear¡Btime delay, the traditional approach lacking of quantifying basis such as Case Study which cannot simulate the consequence of feasible policy. It cannot estimate what becomes of the solution, thus apt to making wrong decision. Others mathematics approachs cannot explain the dynamic essence of the practical problem. All these approaches are linear and static as linear programing¡BQueuing Theory¡B Monte Carlo Simulation that cannot solve the high order¡Bdynamic problem. These approaches are no usefulness in solving practical management problem. However, System Dynamics is able to solve the dynamic complexity problem that trough the steps of problem description¡B boundary definition¡Bsystem model constructing¡B model testing and simulation to understand the structure and behavior of problem, moreover, to do policy design and evaluation. This study is as system dynamics approach on the foundation of BASS diffusion model and constructing model upon the 3G adoption critical factor in the viewpoint of Theory of Planed Behavior. The objective of study is to construct the diffusion model of TWM subscribers upon system dynamics, then to seek the leading loop and high leverage of behavior through scenario analysis for consultation in policy design. The conclusion of study as following¡]1¡^if the operators take high allowance of GSM handset bundling contract sales, will trun up¡yThe self-limit to growing¡z. When the price competition between operators in the market, the policy will cause that TWM 3G actual subscribers are lower. The best revenue policy is to shorten GSM contract duration by handset price or ceasing GSM bundling contract sales schedule to be advanced.¡]2¡^If all the operators do not do the competition in price aggressively in oligopoly, the relationship between competitors will result in¡yThe rich more rich and the poor more poor¡z. The best revenue policy for operator is the tariff shall be divided into different stages to co-operate with network load and to acquire high data usage subscribers for the goal. It shall reduce the threshold of customer entry for the sake of increasing subscribers in the middle stage. There is an obvious discrenpancy between the best policy in simulation and operator taking. ¡]3¡^If the operators attempt to shorten the timetable of subscribers from GSM transfer to 3G as to shorten GSM contract duration, the network constructing policy should do dynamic policy co-operation with the leading indicator of subscribers diffusion. The scenario simulation upon system dynamics that the counter-intuitive phenomenon often contrasts to the operator¡¦s preconception, avoiding to the confined thinking in policy design.

Public services in Taiwan have experienced redundancies, cost cutting, closure of operations, and challenges to the quality of their services to diverse populations. Among the tasks of electronic government, electronic commerce, a mechanism of buying and selling goods and services, and transferring funds through digital communications, is the most visible trend of the information technology related changes over the last few years. Accordingly, the electronic government procurement system, an internet-based service for electronic government purchasing and information sharing, has been developed and provided to the public since 2000. Ideally, with the help of Electronic Tendering System, a subsystem of the electronic government procurement systems, tremendous paper work will no longer be necessary for companies doing business with government, and the administrative efficiency will be improved significantly. In addition, under the design of online biding procedure, the chance of procurement fraud may be limited as well. The purposes of this paper are as follows: 1. Discuss the ongoing promoting programs of electronic government procurement internationally. 2. Analyze the key factors of the establishment and implementation of the Electronic Tendering System locally. 3. Propose strategies for the implementation of the electronic government procurement system. In this paper, we discuss the essence of electronic commerce and introduce the international opportune movement for government departments to reinvent their organizations by implementing electronic procurement systems. In particular, we examine the antecedents of the technology usage in the context of an integrated model. Answering what the key factors of the successful information systems are is crucial to the development an effective electronic government procurement system program.

During the process of community empowerment, resident participation has always played a significant role. Issues such as how to enhance residents¡¦ intention to get involved in community activities are consistently taken into discussion. Previous studies have revealed that community participation can be carried out by the integration of community awareness. However, most of these studies were generally focused on the exploration of inducement and strategy, rarely examining from the perspective of psychological decision-making factors such as behavior model, changing factors and efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of the study is: first, to understand the relationship between Sense of Community and Social Capital; second, to testify the influence of Sense of Community on Collective Efficacy and Self-efficacy; third, to explore the impact of Social Capital on the perspective of Theory of Planned Behavior; finally, to combine the related perspectives from Sense of Community, Social Capital, Social Cognition and Theory of Planned Behavior to develop residents community participation behavior model. The research variables of the study include Sense of Community, Norm Value, Neighborhood Interaction, Trust, Collective Efficacy, Self-Efficacy, Subject Norm, Attitude, Behavioral Intention and Community Participation. The research objects of 572 valid samples are community residents from 10 community development associations in Kaohsiung City. Questionnaires were collected and analyzed with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to examine and explain each variable that influence residents¡¦ intention to participate in community. The results indicated that all the 11 assumptions present positive correlations. It is found that the Sense of Community presents great impact on Collective Efficacy, Norm Value and Neighborhood Interaction. Collective Efficacy also has strong influence on Self-Efficacy and Attitude. The result of the study based on the theories of Sense of Community, Social Capital, Social Cognitive Theory, and Theory of Planned Behavioral is considered as acceptable model as the development of resident community participation model reaches ideal standard on the index of Mean Root Square Error of Approximation (MRSEA). The research not only fulfills the purpose of study, but also provides concrete strategies for further studies. It also presents positive effect for Self-Efficacy and Collective Efficacy application on Social Cognitive Theory.