No description available.

O período de inverno é o mais crítico do ano no sul do Brasil em termos de provimento de forragem, devido às condições climáticas adversas. Por outro lado, nestes meses do ano é possível usar espécies adaptadas e bem manejadas, obter os rendimentos forrageiros desejados. Entre os fatores manipuláveis que definem a extensão dos vazios forrageiros, a época de semeadura é importante, especialmente se a produção animal estiver sendo realizada em sistema de integração lavourapecuária. Com objetivo de estudar materiais forrageiros como a aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) cv. IPR 126 aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61, aveia preta comum (Avena sp.), azevém comum (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Tarumã e diferentes datas de semeadura (04 de abril, 24 de abril, 14 de maio e 03 de junho de 2008). Conduziu-se na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, um experimento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Houve interação entre forrageira e época para quase todas as variáveis avaliadas, indicando que deve ser analisada a correta combinação entre forrageiras e época de semeadura. Apesar da interação significativa, observou-se que, de maneira geral, as aveias IPR 126 e IAPAR 61 apresentaram maior produção de forragem, número de cortes e período de utilização. Em relação às épocas, verificou-se melhor resultado nas variáveis citadas quando as espécies foram semeadas até final de abril, porém com leve declínio do valor nutritivo quando as datas de semeadura foram atrasadas. O trigo Tarumã apresentou comportamento diferenciado das demais, pois houve aumento do valor nutritivo em função das épocas de semeadura. / The winter season is the most critic period of the year at the south of Brazil in terms of forage allowance, due to the climatic conditions. In the other hand, at this period of the year, it is possible to use well adopted species and get high forage yield. Among the manipulated factors that define the length of the forage lack, the sowing period is important, specially when the animal production is done in an integrated croplivestock system. Due to it, the aim of study was to evaluate forage species like white oat, (Avena sativa L.) cv. IPR 126 black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61, common black oat (Avena sp.), ryegrass (Lolium miltiflorum Lam) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Tarumã in different sowing periods (April 4 th, April 24 th, May 14th and June 3rd). The experiment was carried out at the Parana Federal Technologic University, campus of Dois Vizinhos in a randomized blocks with four replications. There was a significant interactions between forage specie and the sowed period to almost all of the variable studied, showing that the best arrangement among sowing date and species should be analyzed. Although the interaction, was notice in general that the IPR 126 and IAPAR 61 oats showed a higher production, higher number of cuts and period of use. In relation to the sowing periods, was noticed better results when the forage species were sowed by the and of April, however with o lower decline in the nutritive value with the sowing delay. The Taruma wheat showed a different behave from the other species once its nutritive value increased as the sowing dates passed.

O período de inverno é o mais crítico do ano no sul do Brasil em termos de provimento de forragem, devido às condições climáticas adversas. Por outro lado, nestes meses do ano é possível usar espécies adaptadas e bem manejadas, obter os rendimentos forrageiros desejados. Entre os fatores manipuláveis que definem a extensão dos vazios forrageiros, a época de semeadura é importante, especialmente se a produção animal estiver sendo realizada em sistema de integração lavourapecuária. Com objetivo de estudar materiais forrageiros como a aveia branca (Avena sativa L.) cv. IPR 126 aveia preta (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61, aveia preta comum (Avena sp.), azevém comum (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) e trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Tarumã e diferentes datas de semeadura (04 de abril, 24 de abril, 14 de maio e 03 de junho de 2008). Conduziu-se na Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Campus Dois Vizinhos, um experimento em blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições. Houve interação entre forrageira e época para quase todas as variáveis avaliadas, indicando que deve ser analisada a correta combinação entre forrageiras e época de semeadura. Apesar da interação significativa, observou-se que, de maneira geral, as aveias IPR 126 e IAPAR 61 apresentaram maior produção de forragem, número de cortes e período de utilização. Em relação às épocas, verificou-se melhor resultado nas variáveis citadas quando as espécies foram semeadas até final de abril, porém com leve declínio do valor nutritivo quando as datas de semeadura foram atrasadas. O trigo Tarumã apresentou comportamento diferenciado das demais, pois houve aumento do valor nutritivo em função das épocas de semeadura. / The winter season is the most critic period of the year at the south of Brazil in terms of forage allowance, due to the climatic conditions. In the other hand, at this period of the year, it is possible to use well adopted species and get high forage yield. Among the manipulated factors that define the length of the forage lack, the sowing period is important, specially when the animal production is done in an integrated croplivestock system. Due to it, the aim of study was to evaluate forage species like white oat, (Avena sativa L.) cv. IPR 126 black oat (Avena strigosa Schreb) cv. IAPAR 61, common black oat (Avena sp.), ryegrass (Lolium miltiflorum Lam) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Tarumã in different sowing periods (April 4 th, April 24 th, May 14th and June 3rd). The experiment was carried out at the Parana Federal Technologic University, campus of Dois Vizinhos in a randomized blocks with four replications. There was a significant interactions between forage specie and the sowed period to almost all of the variable studied, showing that the best arrangement among sowing date and species should be analyzed. Although the interaction, was notice in general that the IPR 126 and IAPAR 61 oats showed a higher production, higher number of cuts and period of use. In relation to the sowing periods, was noticed better results when the forage species were sowed by the and of April, however with o lower decline in the nutritive value with the sowing delay. The Taruma wheat showed a different behave from the other species once its nutritive value increased as the sowing dates passed.

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Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 B85 / Master of Science

In effort to breed for daylength-neutral (DNP) soybean germplasms (Glycine max (L.) Merrill), selected longday cultivars (LDP) from Maturity Group 00 were crossed to local adapted shortday cultivars (DP) from Maturity Group VI. In the segregating populations there were many new hybrid combinations, some of which flowered and set pod as early as the Group 00 parents, however, they were larger in size and matured normally. These lines were considered daylength-neutral plants (DNP), and were evaluated in the field nursery in biweekly date of planting experiments from early May to late July during 1978 and 1979. Selected LDP and local adapted SDP cultivars were utilized as check lines. It was observed that LDP cultivars flowered and set pods normally. However, they did not mature normally; the pods ripened and shattered while the stem and leaves remained green and these plants were short and unproductive. Local SDP were the most sensitive plants in response to the change in planting date and daylength. Number of days to flowering, pod setting, and maturity as well as plant heights had decreased sharply in response to the decrease in daylength of later planting dates. In contrast, DNP lines flowered, set pod and matured normally on large vigorous plants in approximately the same period of time regardless of planting date or the daylength during the growing season. To study the inheritance of the daylength-neutral trait in soybeans, crosses were made between DNP lines and local SDP cultivars. These were extremely wide crosses. Segregating populations from these crosses were tested under three light treatments of 12, 18 and 24 hours. Only DNP plants flowered and set pod normally under the long photoperiod treatments of 18 and 24 hours. The magnitude and continuous nature of the frequency distribution of the segregating populations as well as the low heritability estimates of each trait imply that this response is under polygenic control.

The Fall Armyworm is a serious pest of many crops throughout most of the Western Hemisphere particularly those belonging to the family Gramineae. This pest is usually controlled by insecticides which, however, cause many health and environmental problems. Although a rich bank of sorgum germplasm occurs in Yemen, no effort has been made to identify the Yemeni cultivars which might express resistance to armyworm attack. There is very little information to show at what time of the growing season and at what planting stage the sorghum cultivars are most susceptible to armyworms. Therefore, eight Yemeni and two American sorghum cultivars were planted in Tucson, Arizona, during 1983 and 1984. The experimental design was a randomized complete block arranged in split-split plots with four replications. The main plots were the varieties, and subplots were two planting dates and two infestation times. The plants were artificially infested with laboratory reared, first instar larvae. Infestation consisted of five larvae per plant in 1983 and ten in 1984. Results demonstrate the 'IBB' and 'TURBA' received the least leaf damage and 'SGIRL-MR1' and 'ALBAIDA' received the most in 1983. However, during 1984, 'TURBA' and 'HAIDRAN' showed the greatest degree of resistance and 'SGIRL-MR1', 'AMRAN', 'ALMAHWIT', and 'ALBAIDA' the least.

No description available.

Thesis (M.A. Agricultural Administration (Pasture Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2014 / In the summer rainfall areas of South Africa small scale farmers, as well as commercial farmers experience low animal production due to a lack of good quality roughage. The nutritional value of the rangeland cannot maintain livestock during autumn and winter. Producing winter fodder could be expensive and literature showed that planting fodder radish and turnip might be a cheap relative option (not in sweet veld). Winter supplementation contributes largely to high input costs in livestock production, which can make this enterprise uneconomically. For this reason alternative winter feeding strategies should be investigated, like the use of Brassica and Raphanus species for feed supply, of high quality, in winter. Two Localities [Syferkuil, (University of Limpopo’s experimental farm (Limpopo) and Dewageningsdrift, (Hygrotech Experimental farm (Gauteng)] were used for this research project. On the two localities three different factors were tested:  Three planting dates (February, March and April)  Three cultivars (Nooitgedacht fodder radish, Forage star turnip (not on Syferkuil) and Mammoth purple top turnip)  Three cutting frequencies (first cut10 weeks after planting + regrowth; first cut 14 weeks after planting + regrowth and 18 weeks after planting, no regrowth). Samples (for dry matter production and nutritional value analysis) were collected at both localities as per cutting frequency treatments during the 2007 growing season. The samples were used to evaluate the influence of the mentioned treatments on total dry matter production, nutritional value, leaf production and tuber production of the three cultivars. At Syferkuil the DM production Nooitgedacht fodder radish was higher (5.23 to 5.9 t/ha) than that of Mammoth purple top turnip (3.24 t/ha) when planted in February. The same trend was seen during the March planting date (4.7 t/ha and 3.6 t/ha respectively for 18 W treatment). During the April planting date the highest production was higher (5.07 t/ha and 5.13 t/ha respectively) than that of the March iv planting date. The 10 Weeks + Re-growth cutting treatment resulted in general in the lowest production. At Dewageningsdrift (Gauteng) Nooitgedacht fodder radish produced the highest of all three cultivars at the 18 Weeks treatment, with the highest when planted in March (7.67 t/ha), 5.5 t/ha when planted in April and 5.3 t/ha when planted in February. For the rest of the treatments the DM production of Nooitgedacht varied between 2.9 t/ha and 4.6 t/ha. The highest DM production of Forage star turnip was 3.01 t/ha (10 W+R, February planting date), 1.35 t/ha (14 Weeks + Re-growth, March planting date) and 2.34 t/ha (18 Weeks, April planting date). The highest DM production of Forage star turnip was 2.96 t/ha (18 Weeks, February planting date), 2.59 t/ha (14 Weeks + Re-growth, March planting date) and 4.1 t/ha (18 Weeks, April planting date). An estimation of the grazing/feeding potential of the different cultivars, at different planting dates and defoliation/cutting treatments, was calculated by using the leave and tuber production (variable criteria) from each treatment. The period from the initial cut to the last regrowth cut was a second variable criterion that was used. The third criterion (non-variable) was the standard norm that the daily intake of a matured livestock unit (MLU) of 450 kg is 10 kg. According to the results the following example of a combination of treatments can be used to maintain ± 10 MLU/ha for the longest period in the winter in Limpopo: Plant 1.1 ha Nooigedacht radish in February, utilize from ± 27 April to 22 June, Plant 2.4 ha Nooigedacht radish in April, utilize from ± 22 June to 27 August, Plant 0.9 ha Mammoth purple top in April, utilize from ± 20 August to 3 Oct According to the results the following example of a combination of treatments can be used to maintain ± 10 MLU/ha for the longest period in the winter in Gauteng: Plant 2.1 ha Forage star turnip in February, utilize from ± 12 April to 13 June, Plant 1.7 ha Mammoth purple top in February, utilize from ± 7 June to 28 July, Plant 1.5 ha Forage star turnip in April, utilize from ± 18 July to 29 August, Plant 2.1 ha Forage star turnip in April, utilize from ± 17 August to 4 Oct.

Changes in the federal farm program, in rainfall pattern and quantity, and increased incidence of herbicide resistant weeds and diseases have generated increased interest in spring grains in the Pacific Northwest. However, spring grains have traditionally been treated as minor crops in this region, thus little research has been done on them. Complicating the situation is the diversity in spring growing conditions as well as crops grown. This study was conducted to a) assess the impact of seeding date on the growth and development of the spring grains and b) to determine the differences or extent of differences among genetically diverse grains. Planting date and cultivar had significant effects on number of leaves and tillers as well as dry matter production. The differences among planting dates were mainly as a result of variations in temperature, though soil moisture was of significance in some cases. Among the cultivars, Alpowa had a high tillering rate, while Westbred936 was poor. The leaves of the cultivars generally emerged at a constant rate (with a few exceptions) within a given planting date, but rates differed among planting dates. Though significant differences in rate of leaf emergence were observed among cultivars, rate of leaf emergence in wheat as a group was not significantly different from that of the barley or oat cultivar evaluated. Phyllochron decreased with later sowing in only the first year. In the second year, no consistent increase or decrease in phyllochron with planting date was observed. Rate of dry matter production followed an inverse quadratic polynomial trend. Rate increased slowly during early growth and later rising sharply as plant matured regardless of planting date. Among the cultivars, barley plants showed clear superiority in dry matter accumulation. This is likely the reason why barleys seemed to show superior growth to all the other cultivars. A relationship between vegetative growth and grain yields was observed; however, assimilate redistribution was also found to play significant role. Results obtained were a clear reflection of differences in environmental conditions for each year. / Graduation date: 2000