Submitted by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-11-21T12:13:26Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Cristinemar Vinholes.pdf: 6716328 bytes, checksum: cd13c893016f3c7f9d463b7383e3f629 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Andrea Pereira (andrea.pereira@unipampa.edu.br) on 2016-11-21T12:18:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Cristinemar Vinholes.pdf: 6716328 bytes, checksum: cd13c893016f3c7f9d463b7383e3f629 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-21T12:18:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Dissertação Cristinemar Vinholes.pdf: 6716328 bytes, checksum: cd13c893016f3c7f9d463b7383e3f629 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-19 / Este estudo apresenta uma proposta metodológica alternativa para desenvolver o conteúdo das funções oxigenadas, através de uma Plataforma online. Pretende-se assim construir e implementar uma sequência didática que versa sobre as funções oxigenadas, buscando utilizar as ferramentas tecnológicas como aliada no processo de ensino aprendizagem. A plataforma Edmodo foi selecionada para possibilitar o ensino mais contextualizado das funções orgânicas oxigenadas. A plataforma Edmodo mostrou-se uma ferramenta facilitadora de novas aprendizagens no ensino de química. O presente estudo objetivou analisar o potencial da plataforma Edmodo como uma metodologia alternativa na aprendizagem das funções orgânicas oxigenadas. Como desdobramento do objetivo geral e por apresentarem um caráter mais concreto, elencamos os seguintes objetivos específicos: destacar a importância do uso de tecnologias de comunicação e informação na educação, descrever o aplicativo e sua aplicação no ensino, identificar as vantagens e desvantagens como uma metodologia alternativa e verificar a viabilidade da implementação da proposta em sala de aula, detectando pontos fortes e frágeis da mesma. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida a partir de uma perspectiva descritiva, com caráter investigatório, numa abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. Os recursos utilizados no decorrer da implementação da sequência didática buscaram problematizar o estudo de química orgânica e suas implicações no cotidiano. A plataforma Edmodo foi utilizada para potencializar o ensino da função oxigenada. No decorrer desta proposta pode-se perceber que a plataforma possibilitou que as aulas de química fossem mais atrativas, além de prolongar o tempo de estudo dos estudantes através das ferramentas da plataforma que permitem a postagem de materiais diversos que podem oportunizar um ensino mais ativo, em que os estudantes são protagonistas do processo de ensino aprendizagem. / This study presents an alternative methodological proposal to develop the content of oxygen function, through the online platform. The aim is to build and implement a didactic sequence that turns on the oxygen function, seeking to use the technological tools as an ally in the teaching and learning process. The Edmodo platform was selected to enable more contextualized teaching of organic functions oxigenadas. A Edmodo platform proved to be a facilitating tool for new learning in chemistry teaching. This study aimed to analyze the potential of Edmodo platform as an alternative methodology in learning oxygenated organic functions. As an extension of the general objective and present a more concrete character, we list the following specific objectives: highlight the importance of using information and communication technologies in education, describing the application and its application in teaching, identify the advantages and disadvantages as a methodology alternative and verify the feasibility of the implementation of the proposal in the classroom, identifying strengths and weaknesses of it. This research will be developed from a descriptive perspective, investigative character, a qualitative and quantitative approach. The resources used in the course of implementation of didactic sequence sought to problematize the study of organic chemistry and its implications in daily life. The Edmodo platform was used to enhance the teaching of oxygenated function. In the course of this proposal can be seen that the platform enabled the chemistry classes were more attractive, and extend the students' study time through the platform tools that allow posting of various materials that can create opportunities a more active teaching where students are protagonists of the teaching and learning process.

Ankle sprains are one of the most common type of sports injury. They occur most frequently when the foot is in a supine or inverted position. Recovery from an ankle sprain can take from one and up to 26 weeks depending on the severity of the injury. During that period the individual will be unable to participate in any meaningful sports activity and as such it is important to be able to prevent the occurrence of such injuries. Prevention of ankle sprain injuries would require a better understanding of the risk factors of this injury. Several studies attempted to assess such risk actors by inducing foot inversion or supination however the platforms used in these studies were shown to be limited. Hence the main aim of this project is to develop a system that can be used to assess the effect of sudden foot and ankle inversion/supination on the musculoskeletal system of dynamic subjects (e.g. walking, running, jumping, etc.). For this purpose a three degrees of freedom (DOF) rotating platform has been designed, manufactured and installed in the Institute of Motion Analysis and Research (IMAR) Sports Laboratory. The platform rotates around 3 different axes allowing inversion or supination of the foot and ankle of dynamic subjects. The degree of rotation around each axis can easily be set by the researcher/operator. A strain gauge was used to detect foot strike to the platform. As a safety measure laser emitter/receivers check that the entire foot is on the footplate before the platform rotates. Optical encoders provide essential feedback of rotation angles, speed and acceleration. The necessary software and user interface for controlling the platform were also written and tested. The platform was synchronised with a bilateral four-channel EMG (electromyography) system and a 12 camera Vicon® MX-13 system thus allowing measurement of muscle activity and kinematic data during the supination of the foot. A set of software modules were written to allow automated management and processing of the data generated by the new system. The new system was then implemented in a study to validate it and to assess the role of shoes in ankle sprains. In this study, subjects would walk in three different foot conditions: barefoot, and with two different types of sports shoes, along the walkway of the Sports Laboratory where the platform was fitted. When a subject steps on the embedded platform, it rotates causing the subject's foot to supinate. At the same time, the EMG data from the peroneus longus, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles are recorded, along with the kinematics of the subject's whole body. The obtained results demonstrated the validity of the newly developed system. Data from the validation study also revealed increased muscle activity following induced foot supination in shod conditions compared to barefoot. Muscle activity of the rotating platform step was found to be significantly higher than the steps before and after. The platform rotation was also found to have an observable effect on body kinematics. The newly developed system is hoped to help provide a better understanding of the risk factors of ankle sprain injury and how to prevent this injury. The system can be used to help improve the design of current footwear and identify which footwear provides better protection against ankle sprain injury. The system can also be used to assess the effectiveness of different ankle injury rehabilitation schemes and different training programs that aim to reduce ankle sprain injuries. The new system can be utilised to identify individuals who are at risk of sustaining an ankle sprain injury. The system can also be utilised in studies outside the scope of ankle sprain injuries.

Atualmente, a customização apresenta-se como um importante diferencial competitivo para as empresas. No entanto, ao consumir bens customizados, o cliente está, em geral, sujeito ao pagamento de altos preços e à espera de longos tempos de entrega. Portanto, quanto mais as empresas desenvolverem soluções customizadas com altos níveis de eficiência, maior será a tendência de conquista do cliente. Nesse cenário, a customização em massa (CM), que está relacionada à produção de altos volumes de produtos e serviços customizados a um custo semelhante ao de itens padronizados, surge como solução. Verifica-se, porém, que, apesar da importância do setor de serviços no contexto atual, existe pouco conhecimento sobre a utilização da CM neste ramo de atividade. Dado isso, o objetivo desta dissertação é aplicar conceitos da CM, já difundidos na manufatura, no setor de serviços. Para atingir o objetivo, foram desenvolvidos três artigos. No primeiro artigo, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura a fim de identificar linhas de pesquisa já existentes sobre o tema e oportunidades possíveis de serem exploradas. No segundo artigo, foi proposta uma classificação para a customização de serviços, apresentando diversos tipos de customização possíveis de serem realizados nesse setor. No terceiro artigo, foi desenvolvido um dos tipos de customização apresentado no artigo anterior (mais especificamente, o tipo “Modularização e Plataforma de Serviços”) através da adaptação de um método de modularização, já utilizado para modularizar produtos, para o setor de serviços. Como conclusão geral, confirmou-se a expectativa de que a CM em serviços está em um nível baixo de maturidade, pois existem poucos estudos desenvolvidos sobre o tema. Além disso, verificou-se que as poucas soluções propostas pela literatura raramente são viáveis de serem utilizadas pelas empresas. Por fim, acredita-se que os habilitadores da CM em serviços devem considerar as características específicas desse setor, visto que, atualmente, os estudos introduzem no setor de serviços o que já foi desenvolvido para produtos, sem, no entanto, considerar as diferentes características desses dois setores. / Customization has been viewed as an important competitive advantage by companies. However, when consuming customized goods, customers are likely to pay higher prices and wait longer for the items purchased. Therefore, the more the companies develop customized solutions with high levels of efficiency, the greater the tendency to hold customers. In such context Mass Customization (MC), defined as the production of high volumes of customized products and services at mass production costs, arises as a solution. It is verified, however, that, despite the importance of the service industry, there is insufficient knowledge about the use of MC in such application context. The objective of this thesis is to apply MC concepts, already used in the manufacturing sector, in the service industry. We achieve that through the papers that compound this document. In the first paper, we present a literature review on MC in services and point to promising research opportunities. In the second paper, we propose a classification for service customization, presenting many types of customization feasible to be carried out in that sector. In the third paper we developed one of the customization types proposed in the second paper (namely, "Modularization and Platform of Services") by adapting a modularization method already used in manufacturing to the service sector. In general, we concluded that MC in the service industry is indeed at a low maturity level. Furthermore, it was found that the solutions proposed by authors are rarely applicable in practice. Finally, it is believed that MC enablers in the service industry should consider its specific characteristics instead of using solutions developed for products, without considering the specifics of the service industry.

Esta dissertação estuda o controle multivariável de uma plataforma \"offshore\" típica. Com esse propósito, um modelo dinâmico rigoroso do processo não-linear foi desenvolvido e usado para representar o processo real nas simulações das estratégias de controle propostas. Baseado no modelo rigoroso e usando métodos de identificação, foram desenvolvidos modelos lineares aproximados para representar o processo no controlador preditivo (MPC). O sistema de controle foi projetado visando manter as variáveis controladas em valores adequados e reduzir o efeito de golfadas severas nos equipamentos à jusante da plataforma. Foram testados dois controladores preditivos: o MPC convencional que opera com \"setpoints\" fixos para as variáveis controladas e o controlador preditivo que opera com zonas para as variáveis controladas. Os resultados da simulação mostram que o controlador preditivo com controle por zonas é capaz de ter uma performance bem melhor que o controlador preditivo convencional, com uma significativa redução na amplitude das oscilações causadas pelas golfadas na vazão de petróleo na saída da plataforma. / This dissertation studies the multivariable control of a typical offshore platform. For this purpose, a rigorous nonlinear dynamic model of the process system is developed and used to represent the true process in the simulation of the proposed control strategies. Based on this rigorous model, approximate linear models are obtained through identification methods in order to represent the platform process in the Model Predictive Control (MPC). The control system was designed aimed at keeping all the controlled variables at adequate values and to reduce the effect of severe riser slugging on the downstream systems. Two model predictive controllers are tested: the conventional MPC with fixed set-points to the controlled outputs and the MPC with zone control of the outputs. The simulation results show that the controller based on the output zone control has a better performance than the conventional MPC with a significant reduction on the amplitude of the oscillation of oil flow at the outlet of the platform process.

Cette thèse porte sur l’adaptation de l’immersion lors de la simulation de conduite en fauteuil roulant. Il s’agit d’étudier le réalisme des retours sensoriels impliqués dans un environnement virtuel afin de pouvoir adapter l’immersion en fonction des préférences de l’utilisateur et de la tâche à accomplir. Ces travaux ont été effectués dans le cadre du projet AccesSim soutenu par la région Ile–de-France. L'objectif du projet est de développer un simulateur dynamique pour évaluer l'accessibilité d'environnement urbain et également, de procéder à l'entraînement à l’usage de fauteuils roulants.Dans le cadre de la conduite en fauteuil roulant, il est nécessaire que le comportement de conduite soit cohérent entre une situation réelle et une situation simulée. Pour cela, il faut que l’environnement virtuel et les retours sensoriels soient suffisamment immersifs et réalistes. Notre proposition est de spécifier une configuration immersive en adaptant les retours haptiques et visuels du simulateur. Nous avons validé cette hypothèse à l’aide du simulateur développé dans le cadre du projet AccesSim.Dans la première partie de la thèse, la contribution porte sur la conception du simulateur AccesSim. Cette conception porte sur l’environnement logiciel en charge des fonctionnalités innovantes : aide au diagnostic d’accessibilité et navigation 3D en fauteuil roulant à l’aide d’un modèle dynamique de fauteuil roulant. Pour permettre une navigation en fauteuil roulant, le simulateur est couplé à une plateforme robotique intégrant des retours haptiques et vestibulaires.La seconde partie de la thèse porte sur l’analyse du comportement de conduite des utilisateurs. Il s’agit de comparer la conduite en situation réelle et en situation virtuelle en fonction de la configuration du simulateur. Cette analyse montre la sensibilité des résultats vis-à-vis des profils des usagers et de l’immersion.Enfin, nous avons étudié les différents retours sensoriels participant à la qualité de l’immersion. Le premier retour concerne le sens vestibulaire. Il est dépendant des retours haptiques du simulateur robotique. Ce retour sensoriel supplémentaire doit permettre d’améliorer les performances de conduite de l’utilisateur. Nous avons évalué la perception de ce retour sur la base d’une tâche de descente d’une marche à l’aide d’un fauteuil roulant. Dans la thèse, nous avons montré les performances de notre solution ainsi que le besoin d’adapter ce retour haptique pour chaque utilisateur.Le second retour sensoriel étudié concerne les retours visuels. Nous avons proposé une configuration d’immersion visuelle modulable. Elle permet une immersion plus ou moins égocentrée. En analysant les trajectoires d’utilisateurs effectuées avec les différentes configurations d’immersion, nous pouvons évaluer la configuration la plus efficace en fonction de l’environnement et des préférences de chaque utilisateur.Ces deux études sur les retours sensoriels ont été basées sur des évaluations avec deux groupes d’utilisateurs : un groupe d’expert (thérapeutes et ergonomes) et un groupe de personnes en situation de handicap. / This thesis focuses on the adaptation of the immersion in a driving wheelchair simulation. This is the study of sensory feedback realism involved in a virtual environment in order to adapt the immersion according to user preferences and the task to perform. These works were performed within the AccesSim project supported by the Ile de France region. The project objective is to develop a dynamic simulator to evaluate the accessibility and also urban environment, to conduct training in the use of wheelchairs.In the context of wheelchair driving, it is necessary that the driving behavior is consistent between a real situation and a simulated situation. To do this, we need the virtual environment and the sensory feedback to be sufficiently realistic and immersive. Our proposal is to specify an immersive configuration adapting haptic and visual feedback from the simulator. We validated this hypothesis using the simulator developed within the AccesSim project.In the first part of the thesis, the contribution focuses on the design of the AccesSim simulator. This design focuses on the software environment responsible for the innovative features: assistance for accessibility diagnosis and 3D navigation with a wheelchair using a dynamic model. To enable navigation in a wheelchair, the simulator is coupled to a robotic platform integrating haptic and vestibular feedback.The second part of the thesis focuses on the analysis of driving behavior of users. It comes to comparing the driving in real and virtual situation depending on the configuration of the simulator. This analysis shows the sensitivity of results towards profiles of users and immersion.Finally, we studied the different sensory feedback involved in the quality of immersion. The first feedback concerns the vestibular sense. It depends on haptic feedback simulator. This additional sensory feedback should improve driving performance of the user. We evaluated the perception on the basis of a task consisting in going down a step using a wheelchair. In the thesis we have shown the performance of our solution and the need to adapt the haptic feedback for each user.The second sensory feedback investigated concerns visual feedback. We proposed a modular configuration of visual immersion. It allows immersion more or less egocentric. By analyzing the trajectories of users performed with the different configurations of immersion, we can evaluate the most efficient configuration depending on the environment and preferences of each user.These two studies on sensory feedback were based on evaluations with two groups of users: an expert group (therapists and ergonomists) and a group of people with disabilities.

Avec l’avènement de l’informatique en nuage, différents fournisseurs offrant des services en nuage et des interfaces de programmation d’applications (APIs) hétérogènes sont apparus. Cette hétérogénéité complique la mise en œuvre d’un système de multi-nuages interopérable. Parmi les solutions pour l’interopérabilité de multi-nuages, l’Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM) s’est révélée avantageuse. Cependant, la plupart des solutions IDM existantes pour l’informatique en nuage ne sont pas représentatives des APIs et manquent de formalisation. Pour remédier à ces limitations, je présente dans cette thèse une approche basée sur le standard Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI), les approches IDM et les méthodes formelles. Je fournis deux contributions qui sont mises en œuvre dans le contexte du projet OCCIware. Premièrement, je propose une approche basée sur la rétro-ingénierie pour extraire des connaissances des documentations textuelles ambiguës des APIs de nuages et améliorer leur représentation à l’aide des techniques IDM. Cette approche est appliquée à Google Cloud Platform (GCP), où je propose GCP Model, une spécification précise et basée sur les modèles, automatiquement déduite de la documentation textuelle de GCP. Deuxièmement, je propose le cadre fclouds pour assurer une interopérabilité sémantique entre plusieurs nuages, i.e., pour identifier les concepts communs entre les APIs et raisonner dessus. Le langage fclouds est une formalisation des concepts et de la sémantique opérationnelle d’OCCI en employant le langage de spécification formel Alloy. Pour démontrer l’efficacité du langage fclouds, je spécifie formellement treize APIs et en vérifie les propriétés. / With the advent of cloud computing, different cloud providers with heterogeneous cloud services and Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) have emerged. This heterogeneity complicates the implementation of an interoperable multi-cloud system. Among the multi-cloud interoperability solutions, Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) has proven to be quite advantageous and is the mostly adopted methodology to rise in abstraction and mask the heterogeneity of the cloud. However, most of the existing MDE solutions for the cloud are not representative of the cloud APIs and lack of formalization. To address these shortcomings, I present in this thesis an approach based on Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI) standard, MDE, and formal methods. I provide two major contributions implemented in the context of the OCCIware project. First, I propose an approach based on reverse-engineering to extract knowledge from the ambiguous textual documentation of cloud APIs and to enhance its representation using MDE techniques. This approach is applied to Google Cloud Platform (GCP), where I provide GCP Model, a precise model-driven specification for GCP that is automatically inferred from GCP textual documentation. Second, I propose the fclouds framework to achieve semantic interoperability in multi-clouds, i.e., to identify the common concepts between cloud APIs and to reason over them. The fclouds language is a formalization of OCCI concepts and operational semantics in Alloy formal specification language. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the fclouds language, I formally specify thirteen case studies and verify their properties.

abstract: 当前各个城市都在努力推动“互联网+政务”的公共服务新模式，打造政府公共服务平台，提供“一站式”的服务资源，以民众需求为中心，解决民众信息查询、政府办事预约、政策咨询等公共活动的需要。可以看出，政务平台给民众的生活带来极大的便利，是当前各地政府响应中央建立“智慧城市”“数字中国”的重要举措。 本课题发现当前的政务平台逐步引入PPP模式，借助社会资源开发政务平台。但是，PPP模式是否有利于政务平台的建设，受到哪些因素的制约，如何更好地利用PPP模式进行开发工作，这些问题在现前的研究中没有得到很好地探索。带着这些问题，本课题对PPP模式在政务平台建设中的作用进行了深入剖析。主要研究内容如下： 在第一部分中，本课题政府公共服务和政务相关理论进行了全面整理，发现政务平台要想走出一条健康发展之路，需要借助社会资源进行市场化，而PPP模式符合当前政务平台建设的需要。本文对PPP模式在国内外电子政务的应用进行了分析，提出了本文的研究主题。 在第二部分中，本文对华东地区50座城市的政务平台进行了调研，对常见问题进行了整理，发现PPP模式已经广泛应用于政务平台建设中，且主要有四种模式，本文对50座城市的政务平台建设情况进行了数据采集，并进行了深入分析。 在第三部分中，结合调研现状和文献研究成果，提出了PPP模式影响政务平台建设的相关假设，并构建了计量模型。通过短面板分析验证假设，并进行了Robust分析，证实结论的普适性。 在第四部分中，本文分析了研究结果，认为政务平台采用PPP模式能够有效促进政务平台的建设水平，提高用户满意度；并且PPP模式与合作企业的估摸、信息的透明程度和平台的交互能力存在显著的交互作用，共同影响用户对政务平台的评价。政府引入PPP模式，充分对接可利用资源，并加强盈利控制，对当前政务平台的建设是具有积极意义的。 / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Business Administration 2019

Advances in water resources modeling are improving the information that can be supplied to support decisions that affect the safety and sustainability of society, but these advances result in models being more computationally demanding. To facilitate the use of cost- effective computing resources to meet the increased demand through high-throughput computing (HTC) and cloud computing in modeling workflows and web applications, I developed a comprehensive Python toolkit that provides the following features: (1) programmatic access to diverse, dynamically scalable computing resources; (2) a batch scheduling system to queue and dispatch the jobs to the computing resources; (3) data management for job inputs and outputs; and (4) the ability for jobs to be dynamically created, submitted, and monitored from the scripting environment. To compose this comprehensive computing toolkit, I created two Python libraries (TethysCluster and CondorPy) that leverage two existing software tools (StarCluster and HTCondor). I further facilitated access to HTC in web applications by using these libraries to create powerful and flexible computing tools for Tethys Platform, a development and hosting platform for web-based water resources applications. I tested this toolkit while collaborating with other researchers to perform several modeling applications that required scalable computing. These applications included a parameter sweep with 57,600 realizations of a distributed, hydrologic model; a set of web applications for retrieving and formatting data; a web application for evaluating the hydrologic impact of land-use change; and an operational, national-scale, high- resolution, ensemble streamflow forecasting tool. In each of these applications the toolkit was successful in automating the process of running the large-scale modeling computations in an HTC environment.

The interactive nature of web applications or “web apps” makes it an excellent medium for conveying complex scientific concepts to lay audiences and creating decision support tools that harness cutting edge modeling techniques. However, the technical expertise required to develop them represents a barrier for would-be developers. The barrier can be characterized by the following hurdles that developers must overcome: (1) identify, select, and install software that meet the spatial and computational capabilities commonly required for water resources modeling; (2) orchestrate the use of multiple FOSS and FOSS4G projects and navigate their differing application programming interfaces (APIs); (3) learn the multi-language programming skills required for modern web development; and (4) develop a web-safe and fully featured web site to host the app. This research has resulted in two primary products that effectively lower the barrier to water resources web app development: (1) a literature review of free and open source software (i.e. software review) and (2) Tethys Platform. The software review included earth science web apps that were published in the peer-reviewed literature in the last decade and it was performed to determine which FOSS4G and FOSS web software has been used to develop such web apps. The review highlights 11 FOSS4G software projects and 9 FOSS projects for web development that were used to develop 45 earth sciences web apps, which constitutes a significantly reduced list of possible software projects that could be used to meet the needs of water resources web app development—greatly lowering the barrier for entry to water resources web development. While the software review addresses the hurdle of identifying FOSS software to provide a web framework and spatial data capabilities for water resources web apps, there are still other hurdles that needed to be overcome to make development more viable. Tethys Platform was developed to address these other hurdles and streamline the development of water resources web apps. It includes (1) a suite of free and open source software that address the unique data and computational needs common to water resources web app development, (2) a Python software development kit for incorporating the functionality of each software element into web apps and streamlining their development, and (3) a customizable web portal that is used to deploy the completed web apps. Tethys Platform has been used to develop a broad array of web apps for water resources modeling and decision support.

As virtualization platforms or cloud computing have become more of a commodity, many more organizations have been utilizing them. Many organizations and technologies have emerged to fulfill those cloud needs. Cloud vendors provide similar services, but the differences can have significant impact on specific applications. Selecting the right provider is difficult and confusing because of the number of options. It can be difficult to determine which application characteristics will impact the choice of implementation. There has not been a concise process to select which cloud vendor and characteristics are best suited for the application requirements and organization requirements. This thesis provides a model that identifies crucial application characteristics, organization requirements and also characteristics of a cloud. The model is used to analyze the interaction of the application with multiple cloud platforms and select the best option based on a suitability score. Case studies utilize this model to test three applications against three cloud implementations to identify the best fit cloud implementation. The model is further validated by a small group of peers through a survey. The studies show that the model is useful in identifying and comparing cloud implementations with regard to application requirements.