Dominika Ščučková: Mimomanželská a manželská plodnost v EU se zaměřením na státy Visegrádské čtyřky a Finsko 1 Nonmarital and marital fertility in the EU with focus on countries of Visegrad group and Finland Abstract This thesis adresses trends and structures of fertility. It is manly focused on marital and non- marital fertility in the second half of the 20th century. The first part is devoted to trends and structures of fertility of the European Union members. The typology of the current European Union members was made by using cluster analyses based on trends of live birth outside marriage, level of fertility and mean age of mother at first birth. Second part of this thesis adresses development and structures of live births inside and outside marriage in countries of the Visegrad group (Czechia, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland) and Finland. relationship dependency between legitimacy of live births and their birth order, mother's age and education was found by using categorial variable method. The last part is devoted to attitudes to marriage and to children born outside marriage which is based on the European Values Study conducted in 2008. The analyses of these questions were made up by using logistic and there were distinguished significant diferences between rather liberal (Czechia, Finland) and...

Nonmarital and marital fertility in the Czech Republic and from international perspective. Trends, patterns and attitudes. Abstract The aim of this master thesis is to describe the development trends of marital and nonmarital fertility in the Czech Republic and to analyze selected indicators of fertility. As tools are used to certain methods of demographic analysis. The first part addressis the basic concepts related to the issue of marital and nonmarital fertility, data sources and a description of the historical development of nonmartial fertility. The analytical part include basic analysis of fertility by age, marital status, education, birth order and the decomposition of the total fertility rate and proportion of childern born outsider marriage in the Czech Republic and Austria too. Keywords: marital fertility, nonmarital fertility, decomposition, total fertility rate, value orientation

This thesis deals with the evaluation of reproductive performance of sows in pig selected utility. The literary section describes the basic characteristics of reproduction, which are fertility and milk production. It clarifies the external and internal influences on reproduction, describes the parent breeds of pigs and time of birth. It also deals with a birth weight of piglets, removal of sows from reproduction and fertility problems. The research section focuses on finding out the number of piglets born total, the number of piglets born alive, the number of sow-reared piglets, losses of all born piglets to weaning and losses of live-born piglets to weaning. The thesis also analyzes the indicators of fertility such as the length of the gestation period, the number of litters per year, the order of the litter, the length meantime, the service period, the interval from weaning to flush, the litter size and the birth weight of piglets. On the basis of these data we investigated the influence of the order of litter on the reproductive performance of sows and on a birth weight of piglets and also the effect of a boar on reproductive performance of sows and on the birth weight of piglets. The statistical method used for the evaluation was Tukey HSD test.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to evaluate fertility indicators and milk production on a selected farm. I have anticipated lower milk utility and less frequent pregnancy rate during summer time in comparison to other seasons. The selected stable in Bílý Újezd is a part of ZEAS Podorlicko a.s. corporation. In this stable the dairy cattle of Holstein breed was studied. The breed was mixed with ayshir and red holstein, not exceeding 15% of blood mixture. Milk utility of 511 milkers was evaluated from October 1, 2013 to October 31, 2015. The data was gained from Milk Profi Data program and then statistically evaluated in SAS version 9.3. The analysis focused on the influence of lactation sequence, year influence, season influence and the influence of lactation period on daily milk production, percentage ingredient volume and the amount of somatic cells in milk. The average count of lactations in a herd was 2.34 in the examined period and the average day of lactation was 169.32. A positive influence of lactation sequence on daily milk production was discovered (r = 0.056; P < 0.001). The highest daily milk production was detected within fourth lactation milkers (30.72 kg). Daily milk production was increasing year-on-year, the highest was in 2015 (32.09 kg). The influence of seasons on daily milk production was noticeable. Milkers had statistically the highest volumes of milk production in autumn (30.32 kg; P < 0.001). The lactation period had a negative influence on daily milk production (r = -0.548; P < 0.001). Till 60th day of lactation the daily volume of milk production was increasing, and then since 61st day till the end of lactation it was decreasing. The days of lactation had positive influence on fat content (r = 0.078; P < 0.001). The influence of lactation sequence on a fat percentage could not be statistically proven. In 2013 the fat content was higher (3.84%) then in 2014 (3.64%). Compared to 2014, the fat content increased on 3.80% in 2015. The lowest fat content in milk was during summer (3.58%). In autumn the fat content reached 3.79% and it was the highest in winter (3.92%). The fat content decreased in spring, falling to 3.75%. A positive influence of lactation period on fat content was proven (r = 0.078; P < 0.001). Any influence of lactation sequence on protein content was not statistically proven. The highest protein content was noted in 2013 (3.58%), then it decreased in 2014 on 3.52% and 3.48% in 2015. The highest protein content was reached in winter (3.62%). The protein content decresed in spring on 3.51% and the lowest level was in summer (3.38%). The protein content increased again in autumn reaching 3.60%. The influence of season was proven to be positive on lactation period and protein content (r = 0.451; P < 0.001). A negative influence of lactation sequence on a lactose content was proven (r = -0.375 ; P < 0,001). A positive infuence in lactose content (r = 0.283; P < 0.001) was discovered throught seasons. The lowest lactose content was measured in winter (4.74%), it rose in spring reaching to 4.79% and in summer to 4.80%. The highest lactose content was in autumn (4.84%). Also a negative influcence of lactation period on lactose content was proven (r = -0.221; P < 0.001). A positive influence of lactation sequence on the amount of somatic cells in ths/mL (r = 0.197; P < 0.001) was discovered. On the contrary the seasons had negative influence on the amount of somatic cells in ths/mL (r = -0.060; P < 0.001). A statistically noticeable difference was revealed between the amount of somatic cells measured in autumn (807.92 ths/mL) and in winter (968.58 ths/mL). The influence of lactation period on the amount of somatic cells was not proven. Altogether 544 milkers were assesed for reproduction capability in the period from October 1, 2012 to October 31, 2015. The data was obtained from WebSkot program and statistically evaluated by SAS program version 9.3. The analysis focused on the influence of lactation sequence, insemination sequence and the month of insemination pregnancy rates, servis period and the interval of insemination. The influence of lactation and the insemination sequence on pregnancy rate could not be proven. The analysis showed that the pregnancy rate was lower in August (23.69%) than in December (46.50%). The influence of insemination on servis period could not be proven. A positive influence of insemination sequence on servis period was discovered (r = 0.802; P < 0.001). The influence of the month of the insemination on servis period was not proven as well. The influence of lactation sequence nor insemination sequence on insemination interval was not proven. It was discovered that the insemination interval was shorter in December (70.01 days) then in July (90.15 days; P < 0.005). Hypothesis, which presupposed lower milk utility in summer in comarison to winter was disproved. Hypothesis about lower pregnacy rates in summer months was proved.

The aim of the dissertation is evaluation of relation between utility properties and economics of breeding cattle - breed Charolais at the chosen farm. Especially breeding conditions and zootechnical measures with their effects on the economic results in years 2009 - 2014. There is in the literatury searches described the principle of breeding cattle and its economic conditions in the Czech Republic. Further history, characteristic of the breed and its breeding standard. There is chracterized the current state and expansion of the breed in the Czech Republic and France, the country of origin. The way of the checking the utility and the monitoring of decisive utility properties is written here. The work was done in the farm Komensko. The farm is focused on crop production with 696ha and breeding cows without a market production of milk with 102ha meadows and pastures. There is currently bred 76 pieces in the basic herd. The herd is before completion of the transmission crossbreeding owing to repeatedly mating of bulls Charolais. The achieved results of the reproduction are good thanks to replacing insemination natural breeding. Reserves were found in growth capabilities of calves, when monitoring weights on the 120th, 210th and 365th day were lagging behind the average in the Czech Republic and France. The achieved sales display an increasing trend, but are constrained by the expansion of basic herd and accelerated eliminate of cows with participation milk breed. The farm shows a profit during the monitoring period. The farm had the highest profit in 2014 and it was 431 823.- CZK. By contrast the farm had the lowest profit in 2010 with the result 18 035.- CZK. Generally we can say the farm had the highest profits in the last free years. That happened because of the increasing revenues from the sold animals and higher income from the subsidies. Promise for the future is to finish the transitional process and to allow selling the breeding material instead of the cattle for a much better price.

In cattle, we observe a decrease trend in the level of reproduction and animal health. This decline is associated with an increase in milk yield. This situation has a negative impact on the farm economy, animal welfare and safety of product. The traditional selection program is in these so-called functional traits ineffective and there is need to find a new ways of animal breeding. In this problematic traits marker assisted selection and the related genomic animal selection is proposed to be a good tool for animal breeding. The present work summarizes the problems of selected functional traits in cattle and provides an overview on genetic markers and possibilities for their use. Further attention is paid to the studied genes and their associations to functional features which have been published in the scientific literature. At the end, the first results are presented describing the genotype frequencies for the first four studied polymorphic regions in Czech Fleckvieh cattle.

No description available.

No description available.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to assess the performance achieved at sows of CLW breed and hybrid sows of CLW x CL within 1 year in a selected breeding. As a result of the appearance of heterosis effect, 0.34 of live born piglets more was born at the cross breeds of F1 generation CLW x CL than to the sows of the CLW breeds. The sows with the length of pregnancy up to 114 days (11.34 piglets) delivered by 0.62 live-born piglets more than sows with the length of pregnancy over 115 days (10.72 piglets). The sows with farrowing interval up to 162 days had a higher number of live-born piglets (11.54) than the sows with farrowing interval over 163 days (11.39). The mating of the sows the fifth day after the piglet weaning, had a positive effect on the number of live-born piglets. The effect of age at first mating on the number of live-born piglets was positively reflected in the interval age 256?270 days (10.53 pieces) and 210?225 days (10.47 pieces). The highest number of live-born piglets was demonstrated from 3rd to 5th parity. The most sows of both genotypes were selected because of returning to service. The analysis of an age structure of the herd was performed as well.

It has been observed the breed herd of Texel sheep in the foothills area of Orlické mountains in the year 2005-2008. The base of herd was consisted of 374 ewes, 575 lambs and 6 rams in total. These parametres of reproduction {--} conception, fertility, rearing, empty ewes, abortions, lambing, stillborn, death after born, were monitored at ewes. For the parametres of reproduction at ewes were found significant effects of ewe´s age and ram´s line.