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A real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is considered the gold standard for the laboratory diagnosis of canine parvovirus (CPV) infection but can only be performed in specialized laboratories. Several point-of-care tests (POCT), detecting CPV antigens in faeces within minutes, are commercially available. The aim of this study was to evaluate eight POCT in comparison with qPCR. Faecal samples of 150 dogs from three groups (H: 50 client-owned, healthy dogs, not vaccinated within the last four weeks; S: 50 shelter dogs, healthy, not vaccinated within the last four weeks; p = 50 dogs with clinical signs of CPV infection) were tested with eight POCT and qPCR. Practicability, sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV) and negative predictive values (NPV), as well as overall accuracy were determined. To assess the differences between and agreement among POCT, McNemar’s test and Cohen’s Kappa statistic were performed. Specificity and PPV were 100.0% in all POCT. Sensitivity varied from 22.9–34.3% overall and from 32.7–49.0% in group P. VetexpertRapidTestCPVAg® had the highest sensitivity (34.3% overall, 49.0% group P) and differed significantly from the 3 POCT with the lowest sensitivities (Fassisi®Parvo (27.7% overall, 36.7% group P), Primagnost®ParvoH+K (24.3% overall, 34.7% group P), FASTest®PARVOCard (22.9% overall, 32.7% group P)). The agreement among all POCT was at least substantial (kappa >0.80). A positive POCT result confirmed the infection with CPV in unvaccinated dogs, whereas a negative POCT result did not definitely exclude CPV infection due to the low sensitivity of all POCT.

<p>Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a new underfill-function in a POCT-instrument from HemoCue AB (Ängelholm, Sweden). The instrument is in use today among diabetes patients for self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). The new function is supposed to guarantee that measuring only will be performed on a sufficient sample volume to assure that the correct glucose value is received.</p><p>Methods and results: Blood samples (whole blood) from 12 patients were analysed with the instrument. Measuring were performed using different volumes in the cuvette. Full cuvette, 3µL, 2µL, 1µL and a measuring on an empty cuvette. The instrument performed measurements on all volumes added to the cuvette except for the empty cuvette. The less sample volume that was used the lower glucose values were reported by the instrument.</p><p>Conclusions: The new under fill-function did not work satisfactory. If such function would be more reliable it would be beneficial for the patient controlling hers/his bloodglucose provided that the testing procedure is being correctly done. This is very important because the results are often used to treat the patient.</p>

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a new underfill-function in a POCT-instrument from HemoCue AB (Ängelholm, Sweden). The instrument is in use today among diabetes patients for self-monitoring blood glucose (SMBG). The new function is supposed to guarantee that measuring only will be performed on a sufficient sample volume to assure that the correct glucose value is received. Methods and results: Blood samples (whole blood) from 12 patients were analysed with the instrument. Measuring were performed using different volumes in the cuvette. Full cuvette, 3µL, 2µL, 1µL and a measuring on an empty cuvette. The instrument performed measurements on all volumes added to the cuvette except for the empty cuvette. The less sample volume that was used the lower glucose values were reported by the instrument. Conclusions: The new under fill-function did not work satisfactory. If such function would be more reliable it would be beneficial for the patient controlling hers/his bloodglucose provided that the testing procedure is being correctly done. This is very important because the results are often used to treat the patient.

Le diabète de type 2 (DT2) est une maladie chronique grave et sa prévalence ne cesse d’augmenter partout dans le monde. La complication la plus sévère et la plus courante du diabète est la néphropathie diabétique dont le premier symptôme est l’albuminurie. Notre premier objectif est d’évaluer si un dépistage précoce de l’albuminurie permet une meilleure prise en charge de cette complication dans la pratique générale des médecins. Notre deuxième objectif est de valider l’efficacité de notre score de risque polygénique (SRP) sur la prédiction du risque d’albuminurie sur une cohorte canadienne composée de patients DT2, hypertendus provenant de groupe de médecine familiale (GMF) et de family health team (FHT) au Québec et en Ontario (CLINPRADIA I). Le SRP a permis de déterminer les 30% de patients à risque élevé de développer l’albuminurie. En effet, la prévalence d’albuminurie des 30% des sujets classés à haut risque génétique par le SRP était 2,6 fois plus élevée que le reste des patients de CLINPRADIA I. Dans la même cohorte, nous avons démontré que l’introduction d’un point of care testing (POCT) a amélioré la pratique et l’adhésion des médecins aux lignes directrices du traitement de l’albuminurie. Les valeurs d’albuminurie et le nombre de patients albuminuriques ont diminué significativement en réponse à l’introduction du POCT. Nous pouvons conclure de nos résultats que l’utilisation de notre SRP permettrait d’identifier les patients à risque élevés d’albuminurie alors que le POCT permettrait un dépistage précoce et un meilleur suivi de l’albuminurie chez ces patients. / Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a serious chronic disease and its prevalence keeps increasing all over the world. The most severe and common diabetes complication is nephropathy of which the first symptom is albuminuria. Our first objective is to evaluate if early screening of albuminuria allows for a better patient care of this condition in general practitioner practice. Our second objective is to validate the efficacy of our polygenetic risk score (PRS) on the risk prediction of albuminuria on Canadian cohort composed of hypertensive TD2 patients from groupe de médecine familiale (GMF) and family health team (FHT) in Quebec and in Ontario (CLINPRADIA I). The PRS identified the 30% of T2D patients at high risk of developing albuminuria. Indeed, the albuminuria prevalence of the 30% of subjects at high genetic risk based on the PRS was 2.6 times higher than the remaining patients of CLINPRADIA I. In the same cohort, we established that the introduction of the point of care testing (POCT) improves the practice and the adherence of physicians to the guidelines for the treatment of albuminuria. The values of albuminuria and the number of patients with albuminuria decreased significantly after the introduction of the POCT. We can conclude from our results that the use of our PRS enables the early identification of the patients at high risk of albuminuria while the POCT enables the early detection of patients with albuminuria who benefited from an early intervention.