This dissertation investigates the local militia in Sichuan province and analyzes its relation with the local government and other political elites. Three characteristics of the militia stood out in this period: 1. public security organizations changed from the baojia system and the army to militia, 2. militia's function changed from military affairs to public security, and 3. the control of militia changed from the specially appointed Militia Chancellor to regular magistrates in daily administration. In Sichuan, rural society and local governments cooperated and conflicted in institutional structure and in administrational procedures. Local gentry and common people made use of the militia to advance their interests and challenged the magistrate's power. As a result, these gave rise to the growth of the Powerful Gentry in rural politics. All these were closely connected with the development of the militia. The government tried to get rid of the problems caused by the militia through the so-called "New Policy" or the modem police system. But many problems remained unsolved and continued to the end of the dynasty. / 孫明. / Adviser: Yuen Sang Leung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-03, Section: A, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 297-306) / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Sun Ming.

伍德昌. / 論文(碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院歷史學部,1995. / 參考文獻: leaves 89-101. / Wu Dechang. / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 / Chapter (1) --- 前人論點的反思 --- p.1 / Chapter (2) --- 問題的提出 --- p.5 / Chapter (3) --- 研究方向的設定 --- p.7 / 註釋 --- p.13 / Chapter 第二章 --- 國家建構與清末的軍事發展 --- p.18 / Chapter (1) --- 何謂國家 --- p.18 / Chapter (2) --- 清末的國家建構 --- p.19 / Chapter (3) --- 軍事制度的建設 --- p.20 / Chapter (4) --- 後備軍事力量的建立 --- p.24 / Chapter (5) --- 清末軍事改革的局限 --- p.27 / Chapter (6) --- 小結 --- p.28 / 註釋 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三章 --- 豫西南的地理和社會狀況 --- p.32 / Chapter (1 ) --- 研究範圍一一豫西南 --- p.32 / Chapter (2) --- 地理環境 --- p.34 / Chapter (3 ) --- 交通運输 --- p.34 / Chapter (4) --- 經濟狀況 --- p.36 / Chapter (5) --- 社會狀況 --- p.38 / Chapter (6) --- 盜匪、暴力與社會 --- p.44 / Chapter (7) --- 註釋 --- p.47 / Chapter 第四章 --- 辛亥革命前後河南的陸軍、革命派和盜匪 --- p.50 / Chapter (1 ) --- 辛亥革命前的軍事部署 --- p.50 / Chapter (2) --- 同盟會與盜匪 --- p.54 / Chapter (3 ) --- 辛亥革命在河南 --- p.58 / Chapter (4) --- 盜匪與革命軍的關係 --- p.59 / Chapter (5) --- 小結 --- p.62 / 註釋 --- p.63 / Chapter 第五章 --- 民初豫西南的軍事發展 --- p.68 / Chapter (1) --- 民初河南的軍事控制和兵匪結合 --- p.68 / Chapter (2) --- 民初軍隊與盜匪的關係 --- p.72 / Chapter (3) --- 軍隊與白朗起義 --- p.74 / Chapter (4) --- 小結 --- p.81 / 註釋 --- p.81 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論 --- p.81 / 註釋 --- p.87 / 參考資料 --- p.89

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This paper suggests that a critical mass of elements is forming in China which, if not better controlled, will lead to some form of political regime change. The paper will (a) elaborate on China's major problems, grouped into "backbone changes" and "catalysts," (b) provide a balance sheet of remedies the government has attempted or proposed to date, and (c) examine the remedies' relative success or failure. Among the "backbone changes": decentralization, corruption, the emergence of interest groups, the government's possible loss of legitimacy, people's increased exposure to procedural democracy, the increase in the number of students receiving a foreign education, the privatization of education and divisions within the Chinese Communist Party. The "catalysts" include: massive urban and rural unemployment, corruption, forced displacement and the gentrification of China's cities.

This thesis examines the tensions that have continued to plague Southern Sudan since the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA). It investigates factors that, if left unchecked, may lead to renewed conflict. Ethnic tensions have been exacerbated by two decades of war and divide-and-rule tactics, creating a fragile post-conflict environment in which ethnic-based militias continue to operate. Weakened by claims of ethnic discrimination, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement struggles to establish its legitimacy as the southern ruling party and demonstrate its ability to provide equitable power and wealth sharing. Vast oil resources have raised the stakes of conflict for all parties, including the northern ruling National Congress Party (NCP) which risks losing its share of oil revenues if the South secedes---a possible outcome of the CPA. This thesis argues that, to ensure its own survival, the NCP fuels southern divisions to undermine the implementation of the CPA.

Since the late 1980s an increasing amount of literature has attempted to explain liberalization and democratization, or lack thereof, in the Arab world. Theories have developed around such concepts as civil society, state formation and political culture, yet a conclusive theory that could predict the future of these two processes in the Arab world has not emerged. This thesis seeks to add to this body of work by theorizing that regime type---specifically monarchical regimes---may be a useful variable in analyzing political reform in the region and will attempt to explain how and under what conditions some countries will open their political systems. This thesis takes the view that while there has been some indication of liberalization in the Arab world there has been very little evidence of democratization. Evidence of liberalization in Arab monarchies will be shown in case studies of Kuwait and Jordan.

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No abstract included. / Arts, Faculty of / History, Department of / Graduate

This thesis represents an attempt to explain the phenomenon of secession through the role of political leadership in the Partition of India in 1947 and the secession of East Pakistan from West Pakistan in 1971. Although there is no single factor, which by itself, adequately explains secession, it is assumed in this thesis that political leadership, as one factor in many, is one of the more important, if not the most important, variables in understanding the occurrence of secession and of movements directed toward that goal. One of the two major hypotheses underlying this analysis is that the primary goal of political leaders is to obtain and maintain positions of political power and authority from where they can affect the polity which they seek to rule. The second hypothesis is that secession is a means or a leadership strategy in the struggle for authority whereby political leaders seek to gain their primary goal. Given this perspective on secession, the body of the thesis is concerned mainly with leadership interaction and with the bargains and negotiations between leaders which focus and limit their course of action in the struggle for authority. It is this narrowing down of alternative courses of action which ultimately propels leaders into adopting secessionist-oriented policies. / Arts, Faculty of / Political Science, Department of / Graduate