Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Ce travail de recherche porte sur le processus historique ayant abouti à la formation de l’État libyen et de la nation libyenne. Tout au long de cette étude, nous nous sommes efforcés de dévoiler, entre autres choses, les rouages de ce processus de construction, et pour ce faire, avons analysé les grandes étapes s’étant déroulées entre 1911 et 2011. Dans ce cadre, notre attention s’est portée notamment sur les processus de construction de l’identité libyenne, ainsi que sur les mouvements de constitution d’organisations politiques et d’institutions étatiques. De même, cette thèse a-t-elle tenté de présenter les différents régimes politiques et les différents modes d’organisation du pouvoir politique ayant été mis en place durant la période indiquée, en accordant une place à l’étude du rôle joué par les groupes tribaux ainsi qu’à celle des différents dirigeants s’étant succédé à la tête de la Libye. Par ailleurs, un autre objectif de notre recherche a été de présenter le contexte politique, économique, social (que ce soit au niveau régional, national ou international) dans lequel s’est déroulé le processus de construction de l’État libyen, y compris durant ces dernières décennies, marquées par le régime de M. Kadhafi. En précisant que, pour chaque mode de gouvernance ayant été en place, les effets positifs et négatifs de ces derniers sur la société libyenne ont été analysés à la lumière de références historiques précises. / This research focuses on the historical process, leading to the formation of the Libyan State and of the Libyan nation. Throughout this study, we tried to reveal, among other things, the workings of this construction process. In this objective, we have analyzed the milestones that took place between 1911 and 2011. In this context, our attention has been mainly focused on the Libyan identity construction process, as well as on the constitution of political organizations and state institutions. This thesis also tried to present the different political systems, and the different originations of power, implemented during the period indicated. We also studied the role of tribal groups, and the personality of the different leaders who have controlled Libya. Furthermore, another objective of our research has been to present the political, economic and social context (on the regional, national and international levels), in which took place the construction of the Libyan State, including during in recent decades, marked by the regime of M. Gaddafi. Noting that, for each mode of governance, the positive and negative effects on Libyan society have been analyzed, in the light of specific historical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:25:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao lucas bevilacqua.pdf: 592964 bytes, checksum: eb730f250b3914853a73a84edaa2b770 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-09-08 / Throughout the agricultural history of Brazil-colony to nowadays, the State is an agent of the Spotlight: in the definition of regulatory frameworks, encouraging private initiative, or even as a direct economic agent. Since this the present work intends to make a brief historical summary of state intervention in agriculture activity, with the prospect of detail in the marcha para o oeste, in order to understand the evolution of Brazilian agrarian policy with emphasis on taxation. Considering the modalities of state intervention in the economic order there shall be a topical analysis of tax incentives as an instrument of agrarian policy, taxes imposed on us: the rural property (ITR), the income of rural activity (IRPF and IRPJ) and agricultural products (ICMS) in an internationalized setting. Considering the demands of the agricultural sector (tax cuts, simplification of the system and eliminating distortions of competition) its urgent to adopt an effective agricultural policy in compliance with the standards of public finances and the guidelines of the Multilateral System Trade and MERCOSUR. / Ao longo da história agrária do Brasil-colônia aos dias atuais, o Estado apresentouse, senão como protagonista, como agente de destaque: seja na definição de marcos regulatórios, seja no fomento à iniciativa privada, ou até, como agente econômico direto. A partir disso, pretende-se com o presente trabalho realizar um breve escorço histórico da intervenção do Estado na atividade agrária, com perspectiva de detalhe na marcha para o oeste, a fim de permitir uma compreensão da evolução da política agrária brasileira, com destaque, para tributação. Considerando as modalidades de intervenção do Estado na ordem econômica, fazse uma análise tópica dos incentivos fiscais, como instrumento de política de desenvolvimento agrário, nos impostos incidentes sobre: o imóvel rural (ITR), a renda da atividade rural (IRPF e IRPJ) e os produtos agrícolas (ICMS), em um cenário de globalização. Considerando os reclamos do setor agropecuário (desoneração tributária, simplificação do sistema e eliminação das distorções de competitividade), urge implementar-se uma política agrária efetiva observando-se as normas de finanças públicas e as diretrizes do Sistema Multilateral do Comércio (SMC) e do direito comunitário (MERCOSUL).

本論文的土魯番政權研究，旨在剖析以察合台裔蒙古統治者為領導的土魯番政治勢力，是如何形成為十四至十七世紀期間活動力甚強的區域政權? 因此，本文研究架構分為: 緒論，為研究動機、路徑的鋪陳敘述。第一章，為剖述其政權興起的時空背景。第二章，針對土魯番政權結構的變化等政治特徵之描述。第三章，分析其政權涉外之關係特色。第四章，著重於政權所處空間領域面的變化，及其社會文 化的變遷。第五章，為綜合探索土魯番政權興起所呈現之時代意義和影響。筆者最後於結論部份，綜述了土魯番政權史之縱（時間）、橫（空間）面向下政治社會的探討。其反映於新疆史中，更代表了當時全疆社會文化轉型至伊斯蘭化的一關鍵期和例證等諸多意義與影響。 / This thesis is to deal with A Research for Turfan Polity from the late 14th century to the late 17th century. From this thesis it follows that topic will be discussed as follows: In connection with analyzing the background when Turfan political power rose abruptly, a change of Turfan polity, and arguing the relations between Turfan and other nations and a change of political territory. And besides, it is put much emphasis on the transformation of Turfan society and culture from primary Buddhistical life to Islamization finally. At the end, it general summaries the meanings and affection of Turfan polity.

This study focuses on the relationship between Hooker's doctrine of law and his concept of "participation," which is an important feature of his sacramental doctrine. In The Lawes of Ecclesiasticall Politie (V.50--67), Richard Hooker discusses the saving work of Christ and man's participation in him through faith and the sacraments. How does Hooker understand participation in God? Hooker speaks of the Atonement, Justification and sacraments in the vocabulary of the magisterial Reform, but (perhaps uniquely) understands the same doctrines within the framework of law, the instrument by which God orders his creation. Hooker defines law in terms of Aristotelian causes to describe a process of participation: the causes that inform the natures, operations and ends of creatures accomplish a hierarchical process of emanation of being from God and return to God. Law therefore mediates between God and creation. Creatures participate in God through the natural law, but after the fall, man's participation is restored through the divine law. Hooker's account of the Incarnation and Atonement, justification through faith, and sacramental participation---the main features of the divine law---therefore takes into account the idea of law. Hooker's treatment of participation, then, is based on categories in classical physics, and his doctrine of law influences his treatment of specific theological loci.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

This study concluded that the Three Forms of Unity does not give the same meaning to the word “church” all the way through, since the word is used to describe both the visible and invisible sides of the church. When these different uses of the word “church” are left out of consideration in discussions concerning the church and only one of the two sides of the church is emphasised, it leads to the large degree of confusion and indistiction which these days is experienced in ecclesiastical debates. Before there can be any meaningful progress in these discussions, it is therefore necessary to establish which view of the Bible as well as concept of the church, is being taken as starting point of the discussion. Reformed academics have already done many studies concerning the Biblical usage of the word “church”. This study has taken the research a step further and shown that the use of the word “church” in the Three Forms of Unity agrees with the Biblical usage of the word. The Bible and the Three Forms of Unity mean, with the word “church”, both sides of the church of Christ. This church is on the one side invisible, seeing that is spans time and place and in doing so is the sum total of all the elect. On the other side, this church is made visible in a defined place and time and bears the stamp of its own time and culture in which it took its shape. Confusion arises when it is assumed that whatever the Bible and confessions state as indicative of the invisible church is necessarily indicative of the church`s visible side also. This is particularly valid, for example, in the doctrine concerning the attributes and characteristics of the church. This study has brought the old truths about the church from the Bible and confessions freshly to the fore in a time when very little attention is being paid to them. Yet it is precisely these truths concerning the concept of the church that can bring progress in ecclesiastical discussion. It was further demonstrated that the concept of the church held by the Afrikaans Protestant Churches stands on solid Biblical and confessional grounds. / Dissertation (MA (Research in Practical Theology))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Practical Theology / MA / unrestricted

The aim of this thesis is to interpret how the European Union was constructed in discourse of Slovak political parties from 2002 to 2012. The thesis departs from the social constructivist assumption of mutual constitutiveness of structures and agents. Focusing on the role of ideas in European integration, a concept of polity ideas or normative ideas about the legitimate political order, as defined by Markus Jachtenfuchs, is applied. Applying discursive analysis to political programmes, political parties' utterances about European integration, in particular about democracy, rights and internal security, foreign policy and security, welfare and identity are assigned to four ideal types: Federal state, Intergovernmental cooperation, Economic community and Network. For the research purposes political programmes of three Slovak political parties are analysed: Christian Democratic Movement, Direction - Social Democracy and The Slovak Democratic and Christian Union - Democratic Party. The analysis of the political programmes showed that the Slovak political parties do not have a consistent vision of the future of European integration. A high number of descriptive utterances was found in the programmes. Moreover, beliefs about democracy, rights and internal security, foreign policy and security, welfare...

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