Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:32:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rogerio Augusto Cortes.pdf: 711941 bytes, checksum: cb5561072d2b204ad36bce3a802b6e00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-20 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The Socinomy, or Psychodrama, as it is better known, is an approach that began to be created by Moreno (1889-1974) and has the aim of investigating the laws that govern the social and group behavior. In this approach, the concept and operator spontaneity is fundamental. At the same time, it is a complex concept with multiple definitions and ambiguities. In this sense, the present work aims at analyzing the repertoires and some the transformations this concept went through. Two research sources were used: The Brazilian Magazine of Psychodrama and individual interviews with three Psychodrama Directors. The repertoires (SPINK, 2004) about spontaneity were identified by a thematic analysis (MINAYO, 1992). At the end, the repertoires were analyzed in the light of the discussion proposed by Deleuze e Guatarri (1992), about this concept s multiplicity. The results revealed the power of Moreno s thoughts regarding spontaneity and some of its developments, especially with contributions coming from other areas, such as schizoanalysis, psychoanalysis etc.. Among the strongest and the most up-to-date of Moreno s definitions regarding spontaneity, we identify discussions around the following topics: Man-World relationship, including the ideas of internal and external; issues concerning the fit and originality; the importance of fantasy and reality, the different contexts in which the concept is built, the intersection among science, art, philosophy, etc In its main developments, we see the concepts of happening, virtutality, flux, multiplicity, chance, radical imaginary, etc.. / A Socionomia - ou Psicodrama, como é mais conhecida - é a abordagem que começou a ser criada por Moreno (1889-1974) e que tem por objetivo pesquisar as leis que regem o comportamento social e grupal. Nessa abordagem, o conceito e operador espontaneidade se mostra fundamental. Ao mesmo tempo, partimos da hipótese que se trata de um conceito complexo, com múltiplas definições e ambigüidades. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho busca identificar e analisar os repertórios que circulam e algumas das transformações desse conceito. Para tanto, trabalhamos com duas fontes de pesquisa: Revista Brasileira de Psicodrama e entrevista individual com três diretores de Psicodrama. Os repertórios (SPINK, 2004) sobre espontaneidade foram identificados por meio da análise temática (MINAYO, 1992). Por fim, os repertórios foram analisados à luz da discussão proposta por Deleuze e Guattari (1992) sobre a multiplicidade do conceito. Os resultados da pesquisa revelaram a força e a atualidade do pensamento de Moreno em relação à espontaneidade e alguns desdobramentos, em especial por contribuições vindas de outros planos, como a esquizoanálise e a psicanálise, entre outras. No que há de mais atual e forte nas definições de espontaneidade trazidas por Moreno, identificamos, principalmente, as discussões em torno dos seguintes temas: visão da relação ser humanomundo marcada pela idéia de interno e externo; questões ligadas à adequação e à originalidade; a importância do trânsito entre fantasia e realidade; os diferentes contextos em que o conceito é construído, ou seja, na intersecção da ciência, arte e filosofia etc. Em seus principais desdobramentos, constatamos a entrada de noções como: acontecimento, virtualidade, fluxos, multiplicidades, acaso, imaginário radical, entre outras

La notion de symétrie de jauge est au coeur de notre compréhension de l'interaction électrofaible et permet d'expliquer l'ensemble des observations expérimentales actuelles. Pourtant, l'incompatibilité intrinsèque entre l'invariance de jauge et la masse des particules nécessite d'introduire une nouvelle particule, le boson de Higgs, toujours non observée à ce jour. Cette thèse présente l'analyse de 7.3/fb de collisions protons-antiprotons à sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV enregistrées par le détecteur D0 au Tevatron en vue de la recherche du boson de Higgs dans l'état final mu+tau. Cette analyse vient compléter les canaux principaux dimuons, électron-muon et diélectrons en exploitant également la désintégration H -> WW -> lvlv, majoritaire dans la fenêtre de masse accessible au Tevatron. L'état final contenant un lepton tau, leur identification parmi les jets a été améliorée d'environ 15% grâce au développement de plusieurs idées : l'ajustement des paramètres du réseau de neurones d'identification, la prise en compte de certaines dépendances cinématiques des performances de l'algorithme, l'exploitation du temps de vie du lepton tau et une étude exhaustive visant à inclure la mesure du détecteur de pieds de gerbe dans le processus d'identification. Dans un second temps, la recherche du boson de Higgs dans l'état final mu+tau étant dominée par le bruit de fond W+jets (où un jet est faussement identifié comme un lepton tau), une méthode a été élaborée pour obtenir une modélisation convenable de ce bruit de fond, non fournie par la simulation par défaut. Cette méthode est basée, entre autres, sur l'étude de la corrélation de charge entre le muon et le candidat tau qui permet de mesurer ce bruit de fond dans les données en excluant la région du signal. Ensuite, l'exploitation des cinématiques et/ou topologies différentes du signal et du bruit de fond a permis d'optimiser cette recherche atteignant alors une sensibilité attendue (observée) de 7.8 (6.6) fois le Modèle Standard pour une masse de 165 GeV/c2. Enfin, l'interprétation de l'analyse dans un scénario à quatre familles de fermions a été effectuée. Pour la première fois, cette analyse est incluse dans les combinaisons D0 et Tevatron présentées à Moriond EW et EPS 2011. / The gauge symmetry is the heart of our understanding of the electroweak interaction and describes all the current experimental results. However, the intrinsic incompatibility between the gauge invariance and the mass of particles leads to the introduction of a new particle, the Higgs boson, for which we have no experimental evidence as of today. This thesis describes the Higgs boson search in the mu+tau final state in 7.3/fb of protons-antiprotons collisions at sqrt{s} = 1.96 TeV collected by the D0 detector at the Tevatron. This analysis completes the golden channels (dimuons, electron-muon, dielectrons) exploiting the decay chain H-> WW ->lvlv, which is the main Higgs boson decay mode in the mass window accessible to the Tevatron. Since the final state includes a tau lepton, work was done to improve their identification among jets. An increase of 15% was achieved thanks to the the following : changing tuning parameters for the tau identification neural network, use of the kinematical dependence of the algorithm performances, incorporation of the tau lepton life time information and full study of the additionnal information coming from the central preshower measurements. Then, since the dominant background of the mu+tau Higgs boson search is W+jets (where one jet fakes a tau), a method was developed to obtain good modeling of this background, not provided by the default simulation. This method is based, among other things, on the charge correlation between the muon and the tau candidate which allows for calibration of this background in the data excluding the signal region. Finally, all the kinematic and/or topological differences between the signal and the background were exploited to optimize this search, reaching an (observed) expected sensitivity of 7.8 (6.6) times the Standard Model for mH = 165 GeV/c2. In addition, this result was also interpreted in a fourth fermion generation scenario. For the first time, this analysis is included in the D0 and Tevatron combinations, both presented at Moriond EW and EPS 2011.