The main aim of this thesis is is to analyze the influence of information and communication technologies (ICT) on the development of poor countries and to identify and clasify the particular mechanisms, through which ICT are beeing enforced. The particular resarched ICT are computers, internet and mobile phones. The thesis consists from two main chapters. In the first one is analyzed the relation between ICT and development on aggregated "macro" level (mostly level of countries). Based on the scientific literature, there are researched the general linkages between ICT and development, measuring possibilities of development and ICT and differences in use of ICT between countries. Part of this chapter is as well the quantitative analyze of the relationship between ICT and socioeconomic development. The second "micro" chapter is finding mechanisms through which the ICT in developing countries are enforcing. and which are the conditions of mentioned "macro" linkages. The systematic review of scientific literature is trying to clarify and uncover the relationship between ICT and development which is working on the micro-level of poor countries based on mechanisms between particular technologies and component particular sphere of development. Moreover of the two main chapters, there is also the third part which...

Idag existerar det ingen instans som kontrollerar läromedel, utan det är lärarna själva som ska kvalitetssäkra de böcker de vill använda i undervisningen. I litteratur som behandlar begreppet fattigdom går det att läsa olika förklaringar på definitionen. Förklaringen till vilka orsaker som utgör fattiga länder är inte heller speciellt tydlig. FN och Världsbanken har konstruerat egna indelningar för att förklara länders ekonomi och utveckling, vilket land som tillhör vilken indelning baseras på deras utvecklingsnivå och resurser. Koloniseringen av flertalet länder i Afrika kan förklaras som en orsak till dagens fattigdom på kontinenten, kolonialisering som på sätt och vis existerar än idag – då många länder är beroende av utländska investerare som skapar en fortsatt snedvriden ekonomi. I studien användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys för att undersöka text samt bilder i läroböckerna, detta för att på bästa sätt kunna dra fram innebörden i texten och i fotografierna. Urvalet utgörs av fyra läroböcker som används i undervisningen på två högstadieskolor i en västsvensk småstad. För att öka generaliserbarheten skulle urvalet eventuellt inte begränsats utan breddas till alla läroböcker i geografi för högstadiet, emellertid skiljer sig antagligen inte innehållet så mycket åt.  Resultatet för studien visar att läroböckerna till viss del tar upp många olika perspektiv på orsakerna till fattigdom, samt förklaringen av begreppet. Resultatet visar även att retoriken i två av böckerna är problematiska då de förmedlar en stereotypisk bild, samt förstärker bilden av att de fattiga länderna inte klarar sig utan hjälp från västvärlden. Det samma gäller valet av bilder i tre av fyra läroböcker, endast en lärobok innehåller en bred variation av etnicitet, kön och länder i valet av foton. Vid undervisning om fattigdom bör lärarna se med kritiska ögon på läroböckerna och inte enbart förmedla kunskap från böckerna, utan även arbeta fram eget material som visar på flera nyanser av ett så komplicerat ämne som fattigdom är. / Today, there is no authority that controls textbooks, it is the teachers themselves who must assure the quality of the books that they want to use in their teaching. In literature that are addressing the concept of poverty, you can read different explanations of the definition. The explanation for the causes of poor countries is also not very clear. The UN and the World Bank have constructed their own classification to explain countries’ economies and development, which country that belongs in which classification, based on their level of development and recourses. The colonialization of most countries in Africa can be explained as a cause of today’s poverty on the continent, colonialization that in some ways still exists today – as many countries depend on foreign investors who create a continued distorted economy. In this study a qualitative content analysis was used to examine text and pictures in textbooks, in order to best determine the meaning of the text and pictures. The selection consists of four textbooks used in teaching in two secondary schools located in a small town in western of Sweden. In order to increase generalizability, the selection might not have been limited but broadened to all textbooks in geography for secondary school, however, the content probably does not differ much. The result of the study show that the textbooks addresses to some extent many different perspectives on the causes of poverty and the explanation of the concept. The result also shows that the rhetoric in two of the books is problematic as they convey the stereotypical image and reinforce the image that poor countries cannot manage without help from the West. The same applies to the selection of pictures in three out of four textbooks, only one textbook contains a wide variety of ethnicity, gender and countries in their choice of pictures. In teaching about poverty, the teachers should look critically at textbooks and not only convey knowledge from the books, but should also produce their own material, that shows several nuances of such a complex subject as poverty is.

Magister Legum - LLM / This research acknowledges that although literature abounds on development assistance in general, not much has been published yet on Cameroon specifically. Therefore, this mini-thesis seeks to contribute to fill this gap. Moreover, it aims to examine both development assistance legislative frameworks in Cameroon and above all to compare them in order to find out which development assistance approach is the most aligned in terms of international obligations relative to human rights and economic development. The IMF-World Bank’s Comprehensive Approach to debt Reduction, (the HIPC Initiative), and China’s White Paper on Foreign Aid have been specifically chosen for this research for two main reasons: first, these two international instruments are significantly impacting upon and reshaping Cameroon’s political, social and economic development architecture since Cameroon economic crisis exists till today; and secondly, to enlighten the public, academicians, policy makers, on development assistance in Cameroon given that legal sources on the topic exist but mostly unpublished and inaccessible Therefore this research will be restricted to the period from Cameroon’s economic crisis in 1980 up to 2014. Given the limited availability of primary legal sources at both the international and domestic levels, this research will primarily look at HIPC Initiative Agreement and the Chinese White Paper on Foreign Aid. Moreover, this study will be conducted in form of the available HIPC documents and reports on Cameroon regularly published by the staff of IMF and the World Bank and specifically the HIPC Decision Point Document and the HIPC Completion Point Document of Cameroon. In addition, this study will rely on primary legal sources relative to states international obligations regarding human rights and economic cooperation such as, the UDHR (10 December 1948), the ICCPR (16 December 1966), the ICESCR (16 December 1966) and the Declaration on the Right to Development (4 December 1986). In the case of China’s development assistance approach, given that neither China nor Cameroon release specific bilateral treaties or agreements related to their development co-operation and the fact that documents and publications relative to Cameroon’s development assistance are mostly unpublished and inaccessible, this study will principally focus on the Chinese White Paper on Foreign Aid. It will also look, amongst others, at the Beijing Declaration of the FOCAC (2004), the White Paper on China-Africa Economic and Trade Co-operation (August 2013). Moreover this research will be complemented through secondary sources such as books, journals articles, report, working papers, press reviews, drafts, deliberation of international conferences and international summits, and internet sources