Forest species determination from satellite data Abstract Examining the species composition of forests from satellite imagery is constantly evolving. The new ways of exploring forests from the satellites make it easier for foresters to maintain a more accurate and up-to-date overview of the state of forests. In this work, the research was made on the forests in the cadastral territories of Osvětimany and Buchlovice in the Chřiby Mountains in the Czech Republic. In this work, data from the Landsat-8 satellite from three seasons and the Maximum Likelihood Classification method were used. The reference maps were used as reference data. The method of work consists in the fact that 6 frames were classified with the help of training sets using Maximum Likehood Classification. Subsequently, the pixels which were at least 4 times out of 6 ranked in the same class after the classification were selected. Based on these pixels, artificial training sets were calculated for each of the 6 frames, and they were used for another classification with the expectation of better results. The accuracy of the individual classification frames was verified by an error matrix on the crop maps. Keywords: remote sensing, forest canopy, forest tree types, forestry map

Forest species determination from satellite data Abstract This thesis examines the species composition of forests from satellite images using the pixel classification. The research was done on 24 forest locations in The Ustecký Region, The Karlovarský Region, The Plzeňský Region and The Central Bohemian Region in the Czech Republic. In this thesis, data from the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 satellites from summer season and the Random Forest Classifier method were used. The layer of species composition of forests from map portal LhpoMap was used as reference data. The method of work consisted of a broad literature search to select the most favourable classifier and to choose the most advantageous input parameter values to achieve the highest overall accuracy of the classification. The practical part was focused on creating a software classification process. The accuracy of the individual image values was verified using matrix errors. Based on the literature search, the Random Forest classifier was used to classify the images. Parameter values were used for the Gini criterion, 500 decision trees, and the other parameters were left with default values. The entire classification process was performed in ArcMap and ArcGIS Pro software using Python programming language with the help of the sklearn.ensemble module...

This thesis deals with the means of mechanization for maintenance of permanent grassland by mowing without collection or mulching. The means of mechanization belongs to category of the one axle tool carrier and the zero turn mower. The aim of the study is practical comparison of the means of mechanization and their suitability for different grassland. The practical part of study deals of functional and operational aspects. Futher, the machines were compared in terms of operating cost. The machines are assigned to suitable operators, on the basis of this analysis.

The aim of this dissertation was a representation of chemical composition of herb samples, NDF degradability examination by in sacco method and energy evaluation. Degradability of dry matter was also part of results. During the years 2006 and 2007, twenty-four sampling of pasture herbage from three different farms and six sampling of meadow herbage were realized. The other aim of this study was a monitoring of pasture herbage composition in three farms using the seven-member combination scale abundance and dominance Braun-Blanquet. Chemical composition and high of pasture herbage was also determined. The aim of other study was to determine which of two kinds of dicotyledonous plants- Sanguisorba officinalis and Plantago lanceolata added to a meadow hay in amount of 10 % goats prefer. Seven goats of brown shorthaired and white shorthaired breed were used in four preference tests. The other part of this trial was a monitoring the influence of Plantago lanceolata on goat milk composition. There was 45 % of Plantago lanceolata added in a meadow hay for experimental goats.

The content of the thesis was research and study of the epigeal beetle communities at three different sites in the cadastral municipality Mačice near village Soběšice in Western Region. Habitats were managed under organic farming. Specifically there were three different sites, a field sown triticale, meadow and pasture. Method of pitfall traps was used for the collection of biological material. In total, there were intercepted and identified 640 individuals from 57 species and 14 families in the reporting period. In all of the habitats, species of beetles family (Carabidae) (23 species) were mostly represented, followed by family rove beetles (Staphylinidae) (11 species) and family carrion (Silphidae) (6 species). Most individuals were found at the field habitat with the numbers in total of 255 (30 species from 8 families), followed by habitat meadow with 198 individuals (36 species from 9 families) and the pasture habitat with 187 individuals (34 species from 10 families). The species spectrum of epigeal beetles was divided into groups according to the sensitivity to anthropogenic influences. Species that do not have special requirements on the quality and nature of the environment (group E) dominated in all habitats with 48 species. Total of nine species inhabiting habitats moderately affected by human activities (group R2) were found in all habitats, the least of them occurred in the field (1 species) , pasture (5 species) and at the meadow were found most (6 species). Index of anthropogenic impacts shows that these are very heavily modified habitats. When comparing individual sites, field habitat (ISD 1,67 %) was found to be the most affected. The least affected was the meadow habitat (ISD 8,34 %). As a result we can conclude that the hypothesis that organic farming has a positive impact on biodiversity was not confirmed.

The long-term small plot trial was established at the site in Jevíčko in 2003. Monitoring was realised in years 2006 and 2007. There were used four levels of utilisation (four, three, two and two cuts) and four fertilizer application (zero fertiliser, PK, N90PK, N180PK). The average dry matter production of grassland was 6.99 t ha-1, and it was significantly (P 0.01) reduced when subjected to four and three cut systems compared with a two-cut system. The number of botanical species fluctuated between 17.8 and 27.6. The intensive cutting system significantly (P 0.01) increased CP concentration (from 116.6 to 149.8 g kg-1 DM), CP production (from 787.4 to 951.1 kg ha-1), NEL concentration (from 5.09 to 5.57 MJ kg-1 DM), NEV concentration (from 4.81 to 5.41 MJ kg-1 DM), PDIE concentration (from 75.1 to 83.3 MJ kg-1 DM), and PDIN concentration (from 68.9 to 89.2 MJ kg-1 DM) when compared with the extensive cutting system. The intensive system significantly (P 0.01) decreased the fibre concentration from 292.2 to 234.2 g kg-1 DM. Increasing N fertiliser significantly (P 0.01) increased DM production (from 4.77 to 9.92 t ha-1), CP concentration (from 123.4 to 140.9 g kg-1 DM), CP production (from 545.7 to 1285.4 kg ha-1) and the PDIN concentration (from 68.5 to 83.8 g kg-1 DM) when compared to the control treatment (zero fertiliser).

The aim of this thesis was to create the botanic snap of the chosen locations, which were meadows, grasslands, pastures and also fallow grass areas, to determine the area coverage of three main agrobotanic species i.e. grass, herbs and clover, to process it with the statistcal software and determine the method and intensity of use and fertilization of individual locations and suggest the suitable prato-technical methods. The cenological structure of the locations has been observed and described using botanic snaps. The prato-technic method used were documented for each of the locations and evaluated the influence on the cenological structure. The research was performed in locations Vřeskovice, Čeletice, Městiště in the region Pilsen, former district of Klatovy. In each location the botanic snaps were taken from 3 areas of about 5 x 6 meters each. There were determined the area coverage of grass, herbs and clovers and calculated the mean indication value of humidity. Mean indication value of humidity is the parameter usable for determination of permanent grassland management and utilization. The data from the research was elaborated in software MS Excel. I recommend to manage the analyzed permanent grasslands as follows: 1. The meadow Vřeskovice behind the sewage cleaning station - additional sow of perennial rye grass, meadow clover and white clover. 2. The meadow Mstice - total recovery alternatively conservative prato-technic measures - manure fertilization for about 20t/ha and additional sow of meadow and white clover and grass - red fescue, blue grass and perennial ryegrass. 3. The meadow above the transformer station Vřeskovice - keep on current management od additional clovers sow. 4. The pasture Čeletice grazed by horses - keep on current management or additional sow of red fescue, tall fescue and timothy grass. 5. The meadow Městiště with combined utilization by cattle pasture and mowing - keep on current way of use. 6. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by cattle - keep on current utilization or additional sow meadow and white clover. 7. The pasture Vřeskovice grazed by sheep - keep on the current utilization, in future after the reduction of dangerous knapweed to decrease the amount of pastured animals. 8. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice behind Petrovický neither mowed nor pastured - proposed mulching twice a year for about 1 or 2 years, then pasture or pasture of extensive cattle breed (Galloway) or sheep or periodical mowing once or twice a year. 9. The fallow meadow Vřeskovice trench at the farmhouse - leave as a fallow meadow improves the biodivesity, optionally to mow once or twice a year from estetical reasons.

Epigeic beetle communities were studied on three agroecosystems with different crops grown. All three agroecosystems were located in the vicinity of Ceske Budejovice (Lišov). The first eco-agroecosystem was alfalfa field. On the second one was meadow. The third eco-agroecosystem was permanent grassland. The agroekosystems differd not only in crops but also in agrotechnical operations during the capture. For all agroecosystems was for capture of the organisms used method of pitfall traps. Subsequently, those organisms have been studied. Then was studied the measure of human impact on the biodiversity of species of different ecological groups found in these locations.

The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the damage caused by bark beetle on forest stand in the district of Stribne Hute which is managed by Forest Management Tabor. Forest stands are being damaged by various harmful effects which reduce theirs ecological stability. The damage is defined as a reduction of utility value or as a damage caused by adverse effects. Spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) is significant part of entomocenosis and it is being considered as the most serious pest of spruce stands. Data from 2007 - 2012 were processed, it consisted of bark beetle matter production records, evaluation of timber harvest (especially random harvest) and calculation of revenues. The price lists of average values of spruce logs KH and A/B quality was used to calculate revenues from bark beetle matter and standard quality. The comparison of revenues was used to determinate the loss caused by bark beetle. Losses were minimal due to the quantity of bark beetle which did not reach state of emergency.

The aim of this study was to summarize information about the behavior of mercury in soils, particularly the assessment of its mobility and bioavailability, and to verify the extent of contamination of alluvial soils under the reservoir Skalka. This research was aimed to evaluate the contamination of mercury floodplain soils with mercury belong the upper river Ohře near the town of Chvoječná, near 230th river kilometer. River sediments of the upper river Ohře and the surrounding alluvial soils in floodplains contain high mercury levels. The site has been sampled for mercury analysis of soil samples taken from farmed areas, which are expected enrichment of mercury deposits of the inserted river Ohře. There were two main types of land-use, permanent grassland and arable land. The observed results can be concluded that the river floodplain sediments enrich the soil with mercury. Analytical method (atomic absorption spectrometry, CV-AAS) showed that almost all surface soil samples from the flooded area exceeds the maximum allowed value (for light soils 0.6 mg.kg-1 and other land 0.8 mg.kg-1 ) that are designated for agricultural land. Indicative of mercury was determined by mobility, which was up to 2.18%. Levels of organic forms of mercury were also measured in the soils that reached the area of grassland 2 maximum 0.147 mg.kg-1; the subsidiary surface S1 had the relative distribution of organic mercury 10.98% at a depth of 101-140 cm.