This thesis aims to develop and validate the dimensions of supply chain collaboration and collaborative advantage in the containerised maritime industry and explores the impact of supply chain collaboration on collaborative advantage and port performance. Additionally, this thesis tests a mediation effect of collaborative advantage on the relationship between supply chain collaboration and port performance. This thesis employs a quantitative method. A theoretical model is built based on thorough literature reviews of supply chain management and maritime studies, in-depth discussions with experts, item review and Q-sorting techniques to signify ambiguity or misunderstanding with the scales and to suggest modifications. The proposed model is empirically tested with survey data using 178 responses from terminal operators, shipping lines, inland transport companies, freight forwarders, ship management companies and third-party logistics providers involved in maritime logistics in the major containers ports of Busan, Gwangyang and Incheon for a comprehensive and balanced view by using structural equation modelling. With regard to the findings of the empirical research, three main constructs were successfully validated as multi-dimensional constructs. The structural paths support hypotheses that supply chain collaboration has a positive influence on collaborative advantage, and collaborative advantage has a strong contribution to port performance. However, the direct impact of supply chain collaboration on port performance is insignificant. A hierarchical approach of the mediation test and bootstrapping test found that the association between supply chain collaboration and port performance is fully mediated by collaborative advantage. In other words, the greater degree of supply chain collaboration between the port and port user enables them to gain a higher degree of collaborative advantage, and, in turn, this collaborative advantage can contribute to augmenting port performance. This thesis synthesises transaction cost theory, resource based theory and a relational view to explain how supply chain collaboration influences collaborative advantage and port performance. Its theoretical contribution expands the concept of supply chain collaboration and collaborative advantage into containerised maritime contexts, capturing the perspective of the ports and port users. Further, despite numerous maritime studies which extol the importance of collaboration between the ports and port users, no systematic approach has previously developed and validated those constructs and relationships. The various maritime logistics organisations would benefit from applying the results of this study to their supply chain collaboration practices when seeking greater collaborative advantage. The results heed practitioners in containerised maritime logistics organisations to focus on balancing the facets of supply chain collaboration to transport flows of containers seamlessly and efficiently from door-to-door, as supply chain management philosophy drives the maritime logistics industry to become more integrated into shippers' supply chains.

Aujourd’hui, avec la mondialisation et la concurrence internationale effrénées, les chaînes logistiques globales (CLG) sont conçues à l’échelle planétaire, les places portuaires deviennent entre autre, des sites d’implantation idéale, permettant ainsi la valorisation des marchandises, grâce à la performance de son maillon portuaire. Depuis l’élaboration d’un partenariat commercial en 2000, entre le maillon portuaire de Djibouti (MPD) et le groupe international portuaire Dubaï Port World (DPW), entre 2002 et 2012, le trafic conteneurisé s’est accru de près de 700 %. De plus, depuis l’ouverture de Djibouti Free Zone (DFZ) en 2004, gérée totalement par une filiale du groupe DPW, près de 150 entreprises sont venues s’y implanter, dont plus de la moitié sont des entreprises étrangères. Partant de ce double constat, notre problématique de recherche s’attache à comprendre la contribution du MPD, à la performance de la CLG. Dans une phase de recherche empirique, qui nous a permis d’identifier les dimensions et les axes caractérisant la performance logistique du MPD, nous déployons un modèle descriptif et synthétique de la performance portuaire. / With globalization and international competition sprees, the Supply Chain (SC) are designed on a global scale, the port spaces, thus allowing ideal implementation sites, thanks to the performance of its link port. Since the development of a strategic partnership between the link port of Djibouti (LPD) and the international group port Dubai Port World (DPW) in 2000, the containerized traffic increased of almost 700 %, between 2002 and 2012. With in addition, with the opening of Djibouti Free Zone (DFZ) in 2004, managed entirely by a subsidiary of the group DPW, nearly 150 businesses have implemented there warehouses in DFZ, with more than half of whom are foreign companies. Starting from this dual observation, our research has been focused on understanding the contribution of the LPD, to the performance of the SC. In a phase of empirical research, which has allowed us to identify dimensions and axes characterizing the logistics performance of the LPD, we deploy a descriptive and synthetic model of the port performance.

Les changements climatiques amènent des transformations profondes de l’environnement arctique. La diminution de l’étendue de la couverture de glace permet un accès facilité aux ressources naturelles et aux communautés nordiques. Au Canada, la région arctique est caractérisée par une géographie archipélagique et un réseau de transport rudimentaire. Le transport maritime est le mode privilégié pour l’acheminement du fret aux communautés et aux sites industriels de l’Arctique. La littérature scientifique présente des lacunes importantes au sujet de la navigation commerciale dans l’Arctique canadien. Peu d’études portent sur le trafic de ravitaillement en raison de son volume peu élevé et de la faible diversité des types de produits transportés, bien qu’il s’agisse d’une activité grandement significative pour les populations et l’économie du Nord. Cette recherche vise à combler cette lacune en dressant un portrait du transport maritime et de la performance des opérations portuaires dans l’Arctique canadien. L’étude est structurée en quatre parties. Une analyse du trafic et des échanges maritimes est d’abord réalisée sous trois échelles : internationale, nationale et intra-arctique. Ensuite, l’étude de la flotte et des routes fait ressortir la distribution géographique des transporteurs. Puis, la performance des ports est mesurée grâce à des indicateurs et un système de cotation. Finalement, une évaluation des opérations maritimes arctiques est menée par l’entremise d’informations récoltées lors d’entrevues avec les membres de l’industrie maritime, de conférences et de travail de terrain. Les sujets abordés concernent l’évolution de la desserte, les défis posés par la navigation en milieu arctique et le développement des ports du Nord canadien. Les résultats de l’étude mènent à la conclusion que le transport maritime dans l’Arctique est caractérisé par une croissance positive du volume acheminé et une implication profonde des transporteurs dédiés à la desserte nordique, mais des infrastructures portuaires et maritimes sous-développées. / Climate change brings deep transformations in the Arctic environment. The reduction of the ice cover allows better access to northern communities and natural resources. In Canada, the Arctic region is characterized by an archipelagic geography and undeveloped transportation network. Marine transport is the favoured mode for supplying freight to local communities and industrial sites. The scientific literature shows important gaps on commercial navigation in the Canadian Arctic. Few studies have been conducted on marine traffic in the Arctic due to small tonnage and low product diversity, even though it is a significant activity for the northern people and the regional economy. This research aims to fill this gap by assessing maritime transportation and port operation efficiency in the Canadian Arctic. The structure of this study is four fold. First, a traffic and trade analysis is conducted under three scales: international, national and intra-arctic. Second, a fleet and routing assessment is done by means of carriers’ geographic distribution. Third, port performance is measured through specific indicators. Fourth, an evaluation is held on arctic marine operations through information collected during interviews with members of the maritime industry, workshops and field work. Problems addressed regard evolution of the sealift, challenges brought by Arctic navigation and development of northern Canadian ports. Results of this research lead to the conclusion that Arctic marine transportation displays positive traffic growth and serious involvement by carriers dedicated to Arctic sealift, but under-developed port and maritime infrastructures.

Les changements climatiques amènent des transformations profondes de l’environnement arctique. La diminution de l’étendue de la couverture de glace permet un accès facilité aux ressources naturelles et aux communautés nordiques. Au Canada, la région arctique est caractérisée par une géographie archipélagique et un réseau de transport rudimentaire. Le transport maritime est le mode privilégié pour l’acheminement du fret aux communautés et aux sites industriels de l’Arctique. La littérature scientifique présente des lacunes importantes au sujet de la navigation commerciale dans l’Arctique canadien. Peu d’études portent sur le trafic de ravitaillement en raison de son volume peu élevé et de la faible diversité des types de produits transportés, bien qu’il s’agisse d’une activité grandement significative pour les populations et l’économie du Nord. Cette recherche vise à combler cette lacune en dressant un portrait du transport maritime et de la performance des opérations portuaires dans l’Arctique canadien. L’étude est structurée en quatre parties. Une analyse du trafic et des échanges maritimes est d’abord réalisée sous trois échelles : internationale, nationale et intra-arctique. Ensuite, l’étude de la flotte et des routes fait ressortir la distribution géographique des transporteurs. Puis, la performance des ports est mesurée grâce à des indicateurs et un système de cotation. Finalement, une évaluation des opérations maritimes arctiques est menée par l’entremise d’informations récoltées lors d’entrevues avec les membres de l’industrie maritime, de conférences et de travail de terrain. Les sujets abordés concernent l’évolution de la desserte, les défis posés par la navigation en milieu arctique et le développement des ports du Nord canadien. Les résultats de l’étude mènent à la conclusion que le transport maritime dans l’Arctique est caractérisé par une croissance positive du volume acheminé et une implication profonde des transporteurs dédiés à la desserte nordique, mais des infrastructures portuaires et maritimes sous-développées. / Climate change brings deep transformations in the Arctic environment. The reduction of the ice cover allows better access to northern communities and natural resources. In Canada, the Arctic region is characterized by an archipelagic geography and undeveloped transportation network. Marine transport is the favoured mode for supplying freight to local communities and industrial sites. The scientific literature shows important gaps on commercial navigation in the Canadian Arctic. Few studies have been conducted on marine traffic in the Arctic due to small tonnage and low product diversity, even though it is a significant activity for the northern people and the regional economy. This research aims to fill this gap by assessing maritime transportation and port operation efficiency in the Canadian Arctic. The structure of this study is four fold. First, a traffic and trade analysis is conducted under three scales: international, national and intra-arctic. Second, a fleet and routing assessment is done by means of carriers’ geographic distribution. Third, port performance is measured through specific indicators. Fourth, an evaluation is held on arctic marine operations through information collected during interviews with members of the maritime industry, workshops and field work. Problems addressed regard evolution of the sealift, challenges brought by Arctic navigation and development of northern Canadian ports. Results of this research lead to the conclusion that Arctic marine transportation displays positive traffic growth and serious involvement by carriers dedicated to Arctic sealift, but under-developed port and maritime infrastructures.

p. 1 - 151 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-24T18:06:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 1983230 bytes, checksum: dff929655b9fc5fcff26dc3f3e28099b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-24T18:06:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 1983230 bytes, checksum: dff929655b9fc5fcff26dc3f3e28099b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O Comércio exterior da Bahia cresceu substancialmente provocando uma demanda crescente por serviços portuários. O Porto de Salvador é responsável por uma parte significativa do movimento de cargas gerado pelo desenvolvimento econômico do estado e voltado para o comércio exterior. Nos últimos anos, o TECONSV - TECON Salvador S/A, único terminal especializado em contêineres do estado, operado por um agente privado desde 2000, tem movimentado basicamente cargas baianas sem atrair cargas de outros estados vizinhos. Adicionalmente, cargas baianas conteinerizadas têm sido exportadas ou importadas por outros portos brasileiros, principalmente pelos portos de Santos, Vitória, Sepetiba. São Francisco do Sul, Suape e Pecem. A presente dissertação é um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa e tem como objetivo identificar as razões que explicam a perda de carga do TECONSV para outros portos e sua falta de capacidade de atrair cargas de outros estados. Para responder a esta pergunta central foi utilizado o aparato teórico da Nova Economia Institucional na identificação de custos de transação, pois estes estão normalmente presentes pela especificidade dos ativos típicos nesse tipo de ambiente. Entrevistas com os principais agentes econômicos envolvidos na movimentação de contêineres pelo Porto de Salvador forneceram informações necessárias para a identificação dos principais custos de transação. Uma revisão bibliográfica sobre desempenho de terminais de contêineres foi também utilizada para responder a questão central. Para a avaliação do desempenho do TECONSV, utilizou-se a análise dos indicadores de desempenho portuário publicados pela ANTAQ em conjunto com outros indicadores identificados como críticos neste tipo de operação. Os resultados foram comparados com os dados dos principais terminais competidores que possuem dados publicados pela ANTAQ. O estudo mostrou que ambiente portuário de cargas conteinerizadas apresenta custos de transação significativos que afetam o seu desempenho e que foram agrupados em quatro categorias: inadequações contratuais, lentidão nos processos decisórios, comunicação ineficiente, excesso de burocracia e falhas de ação reguladora. Os custos de transação são reflexos da estrutura de governança adotada na administração e fiscalização do sistema portuário brasileiro que se iniciou com a Lei 8630/93. Essa estrutura é afetada pelas interferências políticas nos processos reguladores e decisórios. Apesar disso, a análise do desempenho do terminal mostra que seus preços e tempos de espera são inferiores à média do conjunto de terminais analisados, mesmo com pranchas e consignações médias inferiores à média do conjunto e das restrições físicas de área, calado e acesso rodoviário. Conclui-se que a perda de carga não é justificada pelos indicadores de desempenho, mas que o terminal encontra-se com sua capacidade esgotada e, portanto, impedido de atrair cargas de outros estados. A perda de carga, contudo, não se deve somente às restrições apresentadas nas características físicas mais importantes do terminal ou ao seu gerenciamento. A perda de carga é também explicada por razões ligadas ao cruzamento de hinterlândias, existência e freqüência de rotas, questões comerciais, tributação, metodologias de cômputo das exportações e importações do Ministério da Indústria e Comércio Exterior que se somam aos custos de transação identificados. / Salvador