This thesis provides a description of the market for maritime container transport with a focus on container imbalances in Central Europe. Based on secondary literature, statistics and interviews, the current situation of global maritime trade and existing challenges for shipping lines is presented. In the second part, particular characteristics of the Central European market are introduced. Besides a detailed description of the infrastructure for container transports to and from this region, challenges and strategies considered by shipping lines are presented. It is highlighted that the export orientation of Germany and Austria and the import orientation of the Czech Republic and Slovakia have certain implications for the regional transport market. A real-life business case highlights existing problems, especially connected to the internal setup of ocean carriers which do not exploit all potentials of cross-border cooperation.

The goal of this diploma thesis is to define the maritime container transport and some of the important aspects, which are closely related to it. The next goal is to describe the single steps of the maritime container transport (LCL) from port in Hong Kong, to compare import of LCL consignment from port in Hong Kong or port in Nansha and to decide which of these option is better for the customer in Czech republic, speaking of time and cost view. This goal is shown on the specific business case in DB Schenker company.

The final thesis characterizes and analyses maritime container transport from EU to USA. Mainly analyses maritime politics of the EU and USA and their foreground fields. Characterizes port of Bremerhaven and all the activities connected before container is loaded on the vessel. Mentioned are also two biggest shipping companies - Maersk Line and MSC - which are sailing between EU - USA. The last part analyses export of the container from Germany to USA.

The thesis is focused on the consequences of the global economic crisis on the German Port of Hamburg with link to the Czech Republic. The port and its importance is introduced in the theoretical part of the thesis. The following part describes the impact of the crisis on the maritime sector and how it influenced German economy. The main goal of this thesis is to identify and analyze the key external and internal factors which were affecting performance of the Port of Hamburg during the economic crisis. Emphasis is placed on the economic situation of individual states, which use Hamburg for their international maritime transport as well as on the relevant competitive interactions between European ports. Last but not least, attention is paid to the management of the port.

The thesis is focused on factors influencing port customers in their choice of the most convenient port. Port customer is primarily freight forwarder but ship operators and multimodal transport operators are also involved in decision making process. Principles of port functioning system reflected in port ownership and port governance with connection to individual subject in port organizational structure are introduced in the theoretical part of the thesis. The following part describes volumes of transported TEU in relation between specific port and Czech and Slovak Republic. The main goal of this thesis is to identify and analyze the key endogenous and exogenous factors which were affecting performance of selected ports. Factors with highest influence on freight forwarder choice are described in detail. Emphasis is placed on the Port of Hamburg because of its ongoing highest performance on the market with highest TEU volumes and also on the Port of Koper because of its growing performance profile.

Le but de ce travail est l'étude du problème de gestion de flot de conteneurs et de véhicules dans un réseau multimodal. Nous proposons une formulation du problème sous forme d'un modèle mathématique réaliste qui prend en considération les différents aspects liés au transport et au stockage des conteneurs et dont l'objectif est de minimiser le coût global de transport. Pour la résolution des grandes instances une approche de résolution bi-niveaux est proposée. Dans un premier niveau nous construisons un modèle agrégé plus facile à résoudre pour en extraire les décisions liées aux déplacements des trains et des barges ainsi qu'une borne duale de notre problème de base. Ces informations sont utilisées dans un deuxième niveau pour avoir des solutions de bonne qualité de notre problème par rapport aux solutions données par CPLEX en résolvant directement le modèle de base. Des résultats numériques sur des instances générées aléatoirement sont présentés et ils prouvent l'intérêt de l'approche de résolution proposée dans cette thèse. / The aim of this work is the study of the problem of managing the flow of containers and vehicles in a multimodal network. We propose a formulation of the problem under the form of a realistic mathematical model that takes into account the different aspects related to container transport and storage and whose objective is to minimize the overall cost of transport. For large-scale resolution, a two-level resolution approach is proposed. In a first level we build an aggregated model easier to solve to extract the decisions related to the movements of trains and barges as well as a dual terminal of our basic problem. This information is used in a second level to have good quality solutions of our problem compared to the solutions given by CPLEX by directly solving the basic model. Numerical results on randomly generated instances are presented and prove the value of the proposed resolution approach.

p. 1 - 151 / Submitted by Santiago Fabio (fabio.ssantiago@hotmail.com) on 2013-01-24T18:06:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 1983230 bytes, checksum: dff929655b9fc5fcff26dc3f3e28099b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-01-24T18:06:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 6666666.pdf: 1983230 bytes, checksum: dff929655b9fc5fcff26dc3f3e28099b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O Comércio exterior da Bahia cresceu substancialmente provocando uma demanda crescente por serviços portuários. O Porto de Salvador é responsável por uma parte significativa do movimento de cargas gerado pelo desenvolvimento econômico do estado e voltado para o comércio exterior. Nos últimos anos, o TECONSV - TECON Salvador S/A, único terminal especializado em contêineres do estado, operado por um agente privado desde 2000, tem movimentado basicamente cargas baianas sem atrair cargas de outros estados vizinhos. Adicionalmente, cargas baianas conteinerizadas têm sido exportadas ou importadas por outros portos brasileiros, principalmente pelos portos de Santos, Vitória, Sepetiba. São Francisco do Sul, Suape e Pecem. A presente dissertação é um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa e tem como objetivo identificar as razões que explicam a perda de carga do TECONSV para outros portos e sua falta de capacidade de atrair cargas de outros estados. Para responder a esta pergunta central foi utilizado o aparato teórico da Nova Economia Institucional na identificação de custos de transação, pois estes estão normalmente presentes pela especificidade dos ativos típicos nesse tipo de ambiente. Entrevistas com os principais agentes econômicos envolvidos na movimentação de contêineres pelo Porto de Salvador forneceram informações necessárias para a identificação dos principais custos de transação. Uma revisão bibliográfica sobre desempenho de terminais de contêineres foi também utilizada para responder a questão central. Para a avaliação do desempenho do TECONSV, utilizou-se a análise dos indicadores de desempenho portuário publicados pela ANTAQ em conjunto com outros indicadores identificados como críticos neste tipo de operação. Os resultados foram comparados com os dados dos principais terminais competidores que possuem dados publicados pela ANTAQ. O estudo mostrou que ambiente portuário de cargas conteinerizadas apresenta custos de transação significativos que afetam o seu desempenho e que foram agrupados em quatro categorias: inadequações contratuais, lentidão nos processos decisórios, comunicação ineficiente, excesso de burocracia e falhas de ação reguladora. Os custos de transação são reflexos da estrutura de governança adotada na administração e fiscalização do sistema portuário brasileiro que se iniciou com a Lei 8630/93. Essa estrutura é afetada pelas interferências políticas nos processos reguladores e decisórios. Apesar disso, a análise do desempenho do terminal mostra que seus preços e tempos de espera são inferiores à média do conjunto de terminais analisados, mesmo com pranchas e consignações médias inferiores à média do conjunto e das restrições físicas de área, calado e acesso rodoviário. Conclui-se que a perda de carga não é justificada pelos indicadores de desempenho, mas que o terminal encontra-se com sua capacidade esgotada e, portanto, impedido de atrair cargas de outros estados. A perda de carga, contudo, não se deve somente às restrições apresentadas nas características físicas mais importantes do terminal ou ao seu gerenciamento. A perda de carga é também explicada por razões ligadas ao cruzamento de hinterlândias, existência e freqüência de rotas, questões comerciais, tributação, metodologias de cômputo das exportações e importações do Ministério da Indústria e Comércio Exterior que se somam aos custos de transação identificados. / Salvador

The diploma thesis is focused on the analysis of the possibilities of cargo container transportation between the EU and East Asia using different modes of transport, especially railways. In the theoretical part, the author presents possible ways of transport between the EU and East Asia, with an emphasis on the Trans-Siberian Railway. In thesis is also mentioned the issue of containerization. The practical part consists of specific examples showing the differences in usage of maritime or rail transport on the given route, especially in case of costs and transit time.

Godstransporter ökar i takt med att utrikeshandeln växer, vilket bidrar till utsläpp av växthusgaser. Hållbar utveckling och miljö är viktiga faktorer i dagens samhälle vilket gör att det ställs krav på nya och innovativa transportlösningar. Ett alternativ att bemöta dessa krav är genom högkapacitetstranporter, som i dagsläget testas, utförs och forskas kring frekvent i Sverige. Högkapacitetstransport avser lastbilsfordon som är längre och/eller tyngre än dagens konventionella lastbil som har fått dispens att trafikera vissa zoner på det svenska vägnätet. Denna studie baseras på att utvärdera två intermodala transportlösningar för transport av gods på sträckan mellan Göteborgs hamn och Viared, Borås. Den ena transportlösningen baseras på högkapacitetstransport och den andra baseras på en järnvägsbaserad transportlösning. De alternativa transportlösningarna utvärderas med avseende på effektivitet omfattande transportkostnad, flexibilitet och tid samt miljöpåverkan omfattande koldioxidutsläpp genom en fallstudie.Slutsatserna har resulterat i att högkapacitetstransport genererar en högre transporteffektivitet jämfört med dagens dragbil som trafikerar den utpekade vägsträckan i fallstudien. I brist på material har inga konkreta kostnader kunnat beräknats för de olika transportlösningarna. Däremot kunde en slutsats dras kring att de alternativa transportlösningarna ej bör uppgå till en högre kostnad än vad dagens transportlösning genererar. Ur miljösynpunkt har koldioxidutsläpp för de olika transportlösningarna beräknats. Implementeras hela vägsträckan med högkapacitetstransport har resultatet gällande koldioxidutsläpp genererat i en minskning med 30,6 procent jämfört med dagens dragbil. Däremot visade studien att järnvägstransporten vinner miljömässiga fördelar då den jämfört med dragbilen som trafikerar vägsträckan idag reducerar utsläppen med 80,4 procent. Dock visar koldioxidutsläppet i den intermodala järnvägslösningen att vägtransporterna bidrar med 98 procent av utsläppen.Denna studie väger för- och nackdelar gentemot varandra för en implementering av högkapacitetstransport. Högkapacitetstransporten jämförs även gentemot järnvägens för- och nackdelar vid transport av containergods. Studien bidrar dessutom till att stärka och reflektera över tidigare publicerade studier som finns inom ämnet. / Freight transport increases as foreign trade grows, which contributes to greenhouse gas emission. Sustainable development and the environment are important factors in today's society, which imposes demands on new and innovative transport solutions. One way of meeting these demands is through high capacity transports, which are currently being tested, performed and researched frequently in Sweden. High capacity transport refers to truck vehicles that are longer and/or heavier than today's conventional truck that has been given the dispensation to traffic certain areas on the Swedish road network. This study is based on evaluating two intermodal transport solutions for the carriage of goods on the route between Port of Gothenburg and Viared, Borås. One transport solution is based on high capacity transport and the other is based on a rail-based transport solution. Through a case study, the alternative transport solutions are evaluated based on efficiency, including transportation costs, flexibility and time, and the environmental impact including CO2 emissions.The conclusions have resulted in high capacity transport generating a higher transport efficiency compared with today's truck that operates the designated road distance in the case study. In lack of material, no concrete costs have been calculated for the various transport solutions. On the other hand, a conclusion could be drawn that alternative transport solutions should not be at a higher cost than today's transport solution results in. From an environmental point of view, CO2 emissions for the various transport solutions have been calculated. Implementing the entire road haulage with high capacity transport has resulted in a reduction of CO2 emissions by 30,6 percent compared to the current truck. On the other hand, the study showed that rail transport wins environmental benefits, as compared to the truck that carries the route today, emissions reduce by 80,4 percent. However, CO2 emissions in the intermodal railroad solution show that road transport contributes 98 percent of emissions.This study weighs strengths and weaknesses towards each other for the implementation of high capacity transport on the designated route. High capacity transport is also set against the railroad with pros and cons of transporting container goods. The study also contributes to strengthening and reflecting the theory from previously published studies within the subject.

Arbetet med att minska människans utsläpp av växthusgaser är en fråga som är högaktuell idag. Transportsektorn är den sektor som har näst störst klimatpåverkan inom EU-området. För att minska transportsektorns klimatpåverkan anser EU-kommissionen att en del av det gods som idag går på väg behöver flyttas till tåg eller sjö för att nå EU:s miljömål. Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka skillnaden av växthusgasutsläpp för transport av containrar beroende på transportsätt på sträckan Göteborg till Stockholm. De undersökta transportsätten var lastbil, godståg och containerfartyg. Studien använde en empirisk fallstudie där växthusgasutsläpp beräknades utifrån empiriska bränsleförbruknings data. Fallstudien kompletterades med en intervju från en person med stor erfarenhet av godstransporter på sträckan. Resultatet av undersökningen är att järnvägens miljöverkan är minst, men för tidskänsligt gods är fortfarande vägtransport det effektivaste transportslaget. För att sjöfart ska vara ett miljömässigt alternativ måste anpassningar av fartyg och/eller drift göras. / The work to reduce greenhouse emissions created by humans is a question that is highly relevant today. The transport sector is the second largest emitter of greenhouse gases in the European Union. To reduce the greenhouse emissions from the transport sector the EU commission has said that some of the freight that currently is being transported by road must move to rail or sea transport in order to reach EU environmental targets. The scope of this study is to compare the greenhouse emissions based on fuel consumption from domestic container transport between Gothenburg and Stockholm. The different modes of transports studied were trucks, freight train and container ship. The study was conducted using an empirical case study to calculate the greenhouse gas emissions using empirical fuel consumption data. The case study was supplemented by an interview with a person with great insight in the transport business. The result from the study shows that from an environmental perspective container transport by rail should be used. Transport by road is still the best means of transport for time sensitive cargo. If transport by sea is to be an environmental option, there has to be adjustments on either ships or management or both.